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00:18University Challenge. Asking the questions, Maul Roger.
00:28Hello and welcome to University Challenge. Tonight we begin phase two of our double elimination
00:33quarter-final stage. The teams in this match are now playing for a place in the semi-finals.
00:38Both of them have won one quarter-final already, so a win tonight will be enough to see them
00:42through. The losing team, however, will have one more chance to grab that second win at
00:47a later date. The team from Edinburgh seem to be getting stronger with each match they
00:51play in this year's competition. After a slightly uneven performance against Newcastle in round
00:55one, they beat Trinity College Cambridge in round two, having nearly doubled their bonus
00:59conversion rate. And in their first quarter-final against Manchester, they were dominant on the
01:03buzzer, taking 12 starters to Manchester's five with no five-point penalties. Film, music
01:09and modern literature are among their many strengths and their average score so far is
01:13190 points per game. Let's meet the team from Edinburgh for the fourth time.
01:17Hi, I'm Parthav Ishwar. I'm from Portland, Oregon in the United States and I'm studying
01:22for a Master's in Sustainable Lands and Cities. Hi, I'm Johnny Richards. I'm from Los Angeles,
01:27California and I'm doing a PhD on Ancient DNA. And their captain. Hi, I'm Alice Leonard. I'm from
01:33Portsmouth and I'm studying for a Master's in Environment, Culture and Society. Hi, I'm Rehan Amjad.
01:39I'm from Dublin and Glasgow and I'm studying for a PhD in Computer Science.
01:45The team from Merton College, Oxford came into this round off the back of two comfortable wins over
01:50strong teams from Durham and Churchill College, Cambridge. Their first quarter-final, however,
01:54against UCL was much more closely fought. After the first start, the lead changed hands seven times
01:59and with less than a minute to go, the scores were level. In the end, however, Captain Elliott's knowledge
02:04of French literature secured Merton the victory. Literature generally is clearly one of their strong
02:09suits, as is history, and their average score is also 190 points. Let's meet the team from Merton
02:14College once again. Hi, I'm Kieran Duncan. I'm from High Wycombe and I'm doing a PhD in English
02:20Literature. Hi, I'm Evelyn Ong. I'm from Singapore and I'm studying for an undergraduate degree in
02:25Mathematics and Philosophy. And their captain. Hi, I'm Elliot Cosnett. I'm from Hatton in Warwickshire
02:30and I'm studying for an undergraduate degree in History. Hi, I'm Verity Fleetwood Law. I'm from Amersham
02:36in Buckinghamshire and I'm studying English and French. Very nice to see you all and to see you
02:45applauding each other. Very nice to see your crazy mascots as well. Shall we begin? Fingers on buzzers.
02:49Here's your starter for ten. Good luck. Answer as soon as your name is called. What are the only two
02:55vowels that can be found in the titles of a 2021 film directed by Sian Hader, a 2020 film directed
03:02by
03:02Chloe Zhao, a 2012 film directed by... O and A. Yep, that's right. The films were Coda, Nomadland
03:10and... Well done. Your bonuses then are on philosophical debates. A combative series of
03:16articles and responses by Jacques Derrida and John Searle beginning in the 1970s were inspired by Derrida's
03:221971 Montreal conference address, Signature Event Context, in which he critiqued the work of
03:28which thinker as it appeared in his 1962 book, How To Do Things With Words.
03:34Oh, 1962. So is it a linguist if it's words? It's 62. Who would be... Margaret Mead was semi-arctics,
03:42right? Moloponte? Like that. Okay, yeah, let's go. Moloponte. No, it's J.L. Austin. The University of London's
03:50International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science hosted a 1965 debate between which two philosophers
03:56of science, particularly regarding the differences presented in their respective
04:00works on the subject, the structure of scientific revolutions and the logic of scientific discovery.
04:05So one of them is Thomas Kuhn and... Hopper? I like that. Yeah, Kuhn and Hopper. Well done.
04:11Which philosopher is at the centre of a metaphorical debate with Jürgen Habermas,
04:15largely over the differing conceptions of power in their work? He also engaged in an in-person debate
04:20with Noam Chomsky on Dutch television in 1971 over the possibility of an innate human nature,
04:26which this philosopher largely rejected. I think this is the Chomsky Foucauld event. Yeah, yeah.
04:30Foucauld. It is Foucauld, yes.
04:32Don't start the question. Located in the upper reaches of the Inguri River Basin, the village of
04:38Chajashi in Ushguli community is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Upper Zwaneti. Found in what country?
04:45Over 2,000 metres above sea level, the village has preserved more than 200 of the region's distinct
04:50medieval towers built by the Svan... Is it Italy? No, I'm afraid you lose five points. Built by the Svan
04:57people to serve as both homes and defence posts, as well as Orthodox churches and fortresses.
05:04Martin Cosmet. Ethiopia. No, it's Georgia. Let's start the question. What is the name given to
05:10aggregations of the protein alpha-synuclein that can appear within and often displace the components
05:16of brain cells? Martin Cosmet. Crayons. No, I'm afraid you lose five points. They are named for the
05:21German neurologist who discovered them while examining the brains of patients who had suffered
05:26from Parkinson's disease and dementia.
05:31Inebra Richards. Clax. No, it's Louis bodies. Let's start the question. What type of structure
05:36appears in all these paintings? Robert Delaunay's Champs-de-Mars, Ellis Lowry's The Tollbooth,
05:43Glasgow and a work by Bruegel inspired by a scene from the book of Genesis. The first of these
05:48structures is... Martin Ong. Ship. No, I'm afraid you lose five points. The first of these structures is of
05:53puddle iron, a type of wrought iron. The second, stone and the last...
05:59Edinburgh Richards. A fountain? No, they all depict towers. So Delaunay's work depicts the Eiffel Tower and
06:04Bruegel's The Tower of Babel. Another starting question now. Fingers on buzzers. What three words
06:09complete the following excerpt taken from the content section of a 1993 novel? Calcutta simmers
06:15in a stew of talk. A cemetery affords a pleasing walk. Beneath the neem the village children play.
06:21Worn cattle churn the burning earth to clay. A desperate mother ventures to deploy. Fair means or
06:26foul to net. What? The three words form the title... Edinburgh Amjad. A suitable boy. Yes, as in the novel
06:32by Victor James Bates. Three questions for you on a poet. Described by biographer Jonathan Bate
06:37as the greatest labouring class poet that England ever produced, which Northamptonshire poet born in 1793
06:44wrote primarily on rural themes before spending most of the final 27 years of his life in asylums?
06:51Duck. Stephen Duck. Does that make sense? Labouring poet. Stephen Duck. No, it's John Clare. What is the title of
06:58Clare's 1827 poetry collection that depicts the progress of a year much like an earlier work
07:04by Edmund Spencer with a similar title? Progress of a year? What did Edmund Spencer write apart
07:08from the very first year? I don't know. What does that mean? Have you got anything? Yeah, there's pass. Pass.
07:13It's the shepherd's calendar. Clare declared that, quote, whoever looks round sees eternity there
07:18in a poem dedicated to which subject that John Keats described as a close bosom friend of the maturing
07:24sun. Oh, what Keats? That sounds like an ode, right? Autumn, melancholy. I don't know. Yeah,
07:35it's not an ode. I don't mind autumn. Like the sun setting or something. Like a hill? Yeah, sure.
07:42The horizon. It was autumn. Bad old. That's OK. You've done all the hard work. Bad that.
07:47Let's start a question. What two words link all of the following? A 1949 Raoul Walsh film in which
07:54James Cagney plays the ambitious gangster Cody Jarrett. Martin Duncan. Roaring 20s. I'm afraid you
08:00lose five points. An influential 1990 cookbook and memoir written by Marco Pierre White. The second part
08:06of the title of a 1968 album by the Velvet Underground and a phrase used in a 1963 speech given
08:12by Harold
08:13Wilson outlining the intensity and possibility of technological advancement.
08:19White light. Bad luck, Rayhan. I can't accept that. That's the first part of the title of the
08:24Velvet Underground album. What I needed was white heat. Wilson talked about the white heat of technology.
08:29Another starter question. What surname is shared by both the Mexican general who assumed the country's
08:34presidency in 1913 following the so-called ten tragic days in which he staged a coup against
08:39the French French French French. Francesco Madero and the American labor activists who along with
08:44Martin Cosnets. Chavez. No I'm afraid you lose five points. Along with Gilbert Padilla and Cesar Chavez
08:50co-founded the organization that would later become the United Farm Workers of America and
08:56and... Each one. Diaz. No it's Huerta, Victoriano and Dolores respectively.
09:01Another starter question. In the English titles of three works written in Irish, Chinese and Latin
09:07respectively. What short word appears along with Ulster in the name of a manuscript that begins in 431 CE,
09:15follows spring and autumn in a work that ends shortly before the death of Confucius,
09:19and is the title of a work on the Julio-Claudian emperors by the Roman historian Tacitus?
09:26Edinburgh M. Chat. Annals. Yes, well done. It is indeed. Three questions for you Edinburgh on a phrase.
09:32What three-word phrase is commonly used to designate the decades-long period of reduced Chinese political
09:38unity and dominance by foreign powers lasting from roughly the start of the First Opium War in 1839 to
09:43the end of the Second World War? Nominate Richard. Centre of humiliation. Correct, well done. Again,
09:49I need a three-word answer here. During the Second Opium War, British and French troops attempted to
09:54intentionally humiliate the Chinese by attacking what complex in Beijing, known locally as Yuanming Yuan? It
10:01remains destroyed today, unlike its largely restored counterpart nearby. Definitely Old Summer
10:06Palace. Oh, the Old Summer Palace. Yeah. Nominate Richard. The Old Summer Palace. Yes. Correct.
10:12The century of humiliation is widely considered to have ended following the end of World War II
10:16and the establishment of China alongside the US, the UK and the Soviet Union as one of the four,
10:21what? A successor to the four powers of the war. Oh. Superpowers?
10:27No, but that's five and that has France. I would go with superpowers, yeah. That feels crazy.
10:34I don't know. I'm not sure what it would be. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Superpowers. No, it's a policeman. Bad luck.
10:40Plenty of time and see if you get going with this picture round. It's a picture starter
10:43and you'll be shown an excerpt from a classical text. For ten points, name the author.
10:50In a British word. Herodotus. No. You may not confer anyone would have a go.
10:57Martin Cosnett. Juvenile. No, it's Pliny the Elder. We'll take your picture bonuses in a moment.
11:03Let's start the question. I'm looking for a single five-letter word here. What theological concept is
11:08named in the titles of both a posthumously published poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
11:13and a 1972 poem by Seamus Heaney. Coleridge describes this strange place as a spirit jail,
11:19walled round by the mere horror of blank... Merton Cosnett, Limbo. It is Limbo. Well done.
11:24Your bonuses, though. For your picture starter, Merton, you saw an extract from
11:28Naturalis Historia by Roman historian Pliny the Elder, detailing his impressions of the Arabian Peninsula.
11:34For your picture bonuses, you'll be shown maps of the Near East,
11:37marked with the locations of ancient cities mentioned in Naturalis Historia,
11:42the ruins of which are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites. For five points each, name the city.
11:48First, this ancient capital city. Oh, it could be like Memphis. It's not Cairo,
11:55it would be a different country. It's Egypt, so... Yeah.
11:57Yes. Memphis. Yes. Next, this city known for its Greco-Roman architecture.
12:02It's not Pets. That's in Syria. It's in Syria.
12:04Um, classical Syrian cities. Antioch, maybe. What were you thinking?
12:09No, I... No, I didn't. Antioch. Antioch.
12:11Antioch. No, it's Palmyra. And finally?
12:14This could be Petra, because it's in Jordan.
12:17Yes, UNESCO. Yes, UNESCO. Petra.
12:18Well worked out. It is Petra, yes.
12:21Now to start the question. What Arabic term, literally meaning head or top of the shop,
12:26denotes a complex spice blend used widely in the cuisines of Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria.
12:32Edinburgh Amchad.
12:33Is that Arthur?
12:33No, I'm afraid you lose five points. Recipes for which vary widely and often contain upwards of 20 ingredients,
12:39with cumin, ginger, cardamom, cinnamon and nutmeg among standard inclusions.
12:44Martin Fleetwood Law.
12:46Sumac?
12:46No, it's Raz El Hanout.
12:48Another starter question.
12:49I need a short single word name here.
12:53What modern syncretic belief system can trace its recent origins to Gerald Gardner,
12:58a retired civil servant who taught and practised neo-paganism from the mid...
13:02Merton Cosmit.
13:03Wicca.
13:04It is Wicca. Well done.
13:05Your bonuses then, Merton, are on chemical elements identified as carcinogenic
13:10by the National Cancer Institute in the United States.
13:12In each case, I need you to name the element from the NCI's description.
13:17First, a naturally occurring radioactive metal that is found in soil, rock, water and minerals,
13:22such as monazite. Its properties have led to its historical usage in ceramic glazes,
13:27lantern mantles, welding rods and medical radiology.
13:32Radium, maybe?
13:34Uranium?
13:35Uranium.
13:35I don't think uranium is natural.
13:37No, radium, maybe.
13:38Sure.
13:38Radium?
13:39No, it's thorium.
13:40Radium.
13:40Secondly, an extremely lightweight and hard metal found in nature, especially in Bertrandite rock,
13:46which is used in high-technology consumer and commercial products,
13:49including aerospace components, transistors, nuclear reactors and golf clubs.
13:54Titanium, I think.
13:55Yeah, that sounds good.
13:56Titanium?
13:57No, it's beryllium.
13:58Lastly, a radioactive gas that is released from the normal decay of the elements uranium,
14:03thorium and radium in rocks and soil, which can accumulate in areas without adequate ventilation,
14:08such as underground.
14:09Radon?
14:10Yes, well done.
14:11Let's start with a question.
14:12Derived from a Lyonnais puppetry tradition, analogous to Punch and Judy,
14:17what two-word French term is commonly used to describe a form of melodramatic horror
14:21theatre popular in 19th century France?
14:25Edinburgh Richards.
14:26Grand Guignol.
14:27It is indeed.
14:28Well done.
14:29Three questions for you on spiced coffee.
14:32A Mexican drink in which coffee is brewed with cinnamon, cloves and piloncillo is known as
14:37cafe de...
14:38What word?
14:39Literally meaning pot, referring to the clay pots traditionally used for its preparation?
14:43What does pot in Spanish?
14:45I don't know.
14:46I have no idea.
14:47Nothing, right?
14:48Yeah, I don't know.
14:49Pass.
14:49That's cafe de olla.
14:50In English, what demonym is used to refer to a style of coffee with a thick consistency
14:55that is prepared using finely ground beans brewed slowly in a long-handled pot called a
15:00jesva and often flavoured with cardamom?
15:02Turkish coffee.
15:03Oh, Turkish coffee.
15:04Yes.
15:05Which spice from a plant related to both cardamom and turmeric is the principal flavouring of the
15:09Indonesian coffee brew Kopi Jahe, with Jahe being the word for this spice in Indonesian?
15:15Clove?
15:16Related to cardamom and...
15:18It's ginger.
15:19Oh, it's ginger.
15:20It's ginger.
15:20Yeah, is that related to cardamom?
15:22It's ginger.
15:22I don't know cardamom, but it is ginger.
15:24Yeah, ginger.
15:24It is ginger.
15:25Well done.
15:26Music round now.
15:27And for your music starter, you're going to hear a piece of popular music.
15:30For 10 points, I need you to name the group you hear performing.
15:48You slide down your stands and I need a string of the sun and the sun is laughing.
15:54Someone have a go.
15:54Come on, have a guess.
15:56I want to walk around with you.
15:59Martin Cosmet.
16:00Arctic Monkeys.
16:01That's amusing, but not quite there.
16:03A bit more, a tiny bit more, but not too much Edinburgh.
16:05I want to walk around with you.
16:09No, I'm going to put you out of your misery.
16:11That was Animal Collective.
16:12We'll take your music bonuses in a moment.
16:14In pharmacology, for what does the abbreviation TI stand?
16:20Referring to a quantitative expression of the margin of safety
16:23that exists between an effective dose of a particular drug
16:26and a toxic or harmful dose of that drug,
16:30most often calculated as the ratio of the median lethal dosage
16:34to the median effective dosage.
16:39Toxicity index.
16:41No. Anyone from Burton?
16:46No, I'll tell you, it's the therapeutic index.
16:48Bad luck.
16:49Another starting question.
16:50What regnal number links all of these?
16:52The first king of France from the House of Bourbon,
16:54the king of Spain who commissioned Velázquez's painting Las Meninas,
16:58the king of Scotland killed at the Battle of Flodden in...
17:00Martin Cosmet.
17:02Third.
17:02No, I'm afraid you lose five points in 1513,
17:05and the English king often known as Bolingbroke.
17:09And number each one.
17:10Fourth.
17:10Yes, Henry IV, Philip IV, James IV,
17:13and another Henry IV.
17:14For your music starter,
17:16you heard quite a lot of Animal Collective's summertime clothes,
17:19taken from their 2009 album, Meriwether Post Pavilion,
17:22named after and inspired by the Maryland concert venue of the same name.
17:26For your bonuses, three more tracks inspired by concert venues.
17:29In each case, I need you to give me the name of the artist.
17:32First, this singer.
17:35When over the rainbows to fly...
17:39I think it's Fiona Rappel.
17:40Yeah, yeah.
17:42Yeah, yeah.
17:43Fiona Rappel.
17:44Yes, well done, that's Lago.
17:45About Lago in Los Angeles.
17:47Secondly, this band.
17:48And oh, the music is so loud...
17:53Calexico?
17:54Maybe.
17:55I don't know.
17:57This is not my...
17:58It sounds like them.
17:59Yeah, no, me and dad.
18:00Calexico?
18:01No, it's love.
18:02Lastly, this band.
18:05Um, there's a break scene in The Clash.
18:08Yeah, it's a clash.
18:08The Clash?
18:09Yeah, you're gone.
18:09The Clash.
18:10That is a clash, so we'll give you the points, but you had the wrong song.
18:12That's White Man in Hammersmith Palace.
18:15Let's start the question.
18:16Derived from the Aramaic alphabet, what name is given to the writing system used in Persia
18:21from around the 2nd century BCE to the 7th century CE?
18:26This name is also shared by Iran's final ruling dynasty and its two leaders.
18:31Edinburgh, each one.
18:32Pahlavi.
18:33It is Pahlavi, well done.
18:34Your famous towards Edinburgh are three questions on a religious order.
18:38Founded in the 1660s at a namesake abbey in Normandy and officially known as the Order
18:43of Cistercians of the Strict Observance.
18:45What religious order is today best known for brewing their namesake style of beer?
18:50Trappist.
18:50Oh, yeah.
18:51Trappist.
18:52Trappist.
18:53Trappist.
18:53Yes, correct.
18:54Which American mystic, born in Prague in France, spent the final 27 years of his life in a
18:59Trappist monastery in Kentucky where he composed his spiritual autobiography,
19:03The Seven Story Mountain?
19:04Who?
19:05Thomas Merton.
19:06Thomas Merton.
19:07Correct.
19:08Mount St Bernard, the only Trappist abbey in England, can be found near Colville,
19:12about six miles east of Ashby-de-la-Zouche, in which county?
19:16Where's Colville?
19:17Ashby-de-la-Zouche.
19:18Trappist, don't they brew-buck fast?
19:20Shouldn't it be in the south?
19:20Yeah, no, that makes sense.
19:21Do you know where that abbey is?
19:22No, it's in the south.
19:24Norwich.
19:24No, no, it's Dorset.
19:27Dorset?
19:28Dorset.
19:28No, it's Leicestershire.
19:29That's not a question.
19:30Answer as soon as your name is called.
19:32What prime number results from adding together the number of players allowed in play at any
19:38one time per team in the following three sports?
19:42Volleyball, netball and ice hockey.
19:4924.
19:50No.
19:53Merton Ong.
19:5419.
19:55It is 19.
19:56Well done.
19:57Six plus seven plus six.
19:58Three questions for you, Merton, on a theme in art.
20:01Primarily known for her work in 16mm film, which British artists' works include the 2008
20:06film Prisoner Pear, a close-up study of the slow decay of two pears bottled in schnapps?
20:11Any ideas?
20:13Tracey Ammon.
20:14Check.
20:14Right sort of time.
20:15Anything?
20:17Anything better?
20:18What?
20:21Tracey Ammon.
20:22No, it's Tacita Dean.
20:23Which Scottish artist, often classed as one of the YBAs, created the 1992 installation Red
20:28on Green, consisting of 10,000 cut red roses laid on a bed of their leaves and stems that
20:34are deliberately allowed to shrivel and rot?
20:36I don't know.
20:36No.
20:37Scottish artists?
20:38No, and you do got Tracey Ammon again.
20:41I feel like making better.
20:42Tracey Ammon.
20:43No, it's Anya Galaccio.
20:45Which YBA's significant early works include A Thousand Years, a 1990 installation that
20:49involves a decomposing cow's head in a large glass-and-steel vitrine?
20:54Damien Haas.
20:55Yes, it is.
20:56Another starter question.
20:57Picture round now.
20:57For your picture starter, you're going to see an illustration of an optical device.
21:02For 10 points, I need you to give me its two-word name.
21:06Merton Hong.
21:07Camera obscura.
21:08Well done, it is indeed.
21:09For your picture starter, Merton, you saw a camera obscura which David Hockney claimed was
21:13used by a number of notable visual artists in his 2001 book, Secret Knowledge.
21:17For your bonuses, you'll see paintings by three artists that Hockney claimed
21:21made use of the camera obscura.
21:23Five points for each you can name.
21:24First, this artist.
21:26Canaletto, maybe?
21:27Yeah.
21:28Sure.
21:29Like, Tintoretto.
21:30I don't know.
21:31It's not Tintoretto.
21:31Canaletto?
21:32Yes.
21:32Second, the artist of this painting, whom Hockney postulates, may have used a camera
21:36obscura in order to capture a high level of detail.
21:39Oh, I don't know.
21:44Anyone?
21:45Delacroix.
21:46Delacroix sounds good, maybe.
21:47Sure.
21:47Delacroix.
21:48No, that was by Ingres.
21:49Lastly, this artist.
21:51That's Vermeer.
21:52Vermeer.
21:53Yes.
21:53Let's start with questions.
21:55Max Ophel's 1950 film, La Ronde, is set in the early 20th century in which European city?
22:02Merton Duncan.
22:03Vienna.
22:03It is Vienna, yes.
22:05Three questions on botanist Lester Sharp.
22:08In 1921, Sharp published an influential textbook titled An Introduction to Which Branch of Biology
22:13Concerned with the Make-Up and Structure of Cells?
22:17Microbiology.
22:17Microbiology.
22:18Cytology.
22:19The 1934 edition of Sharp's book included the first use of what 11-letter name for the protein
22:25structure that forms on the centromere of chromosomes and aids in their segregation during cell division?
22:32C-T-E-L-O-M-E.
22:34I don't know.
22:35Just pass.
22:36Pass.
22:36That's the Cynetocore.
22:38Which scientist credited a course taught by Sharp at Cornell University with inspiring her to pursue further research into
22:44cytogenetics, in which capacity she eventually discovered the existence of transposons or jumping genes?
22:52McClintock.
22:53McClintock.
22:54Yes.
22:55Four and a half minutes to go.
22:56The largest of the zodiac, which constellation contains the sombrero galaxy
23:01and the bright star speaker?
23:03The sun lies within...
23:04Virgo.
23:05It is Virgo, yes.
23:07Reflections for you, Merton, on musical textures.
23:10What term describes a musical texture in which multiple voices
23:13or instruments simultaneously play variations of the...
23:16Polyphony.
23:17No, that's something different. It's heterophony.
23:19Derived from a Greek term meaning sounding across,
23:23what term describes a musical texture in which the melody
23:25is passed between multiple groups of instruments or voices,
23:28often placed in different parts of a church or concert venue?
23:32Diaphony?
23:33It's, of course, diaphony.
23:34Diaphony?
23:35No, it's antiphony.
23:36The term micropolyphony was coined by which avant-garde composer
23:40to describe his use of dissonant and fragmented melodies
23:43to create dense clusters of sounds?
23:46It features in his...
23:46Vibes.
23:47No, that was Ligeti.
23:48Let's start the question.
23:49As of 2025, the largest water lily currently known to science
23:53is native to and takes its name from which South American...
23:58Edinburgh Richards.
23:59Brazil.
24:00No, I'm afraid you lose five points.
24:01Where it grows in a Janos de Mojos in the Beni department,
24:05bordering the Brazilian state of Rondonia.
24:10Venezuela.
24:11No, it's Bolivia.
24:12Bad luck.
24:12Another starter question.
24:13With a name deriving from the Norse for Cloven Island,
24:16which island off the coast of Pembrokeshire
24:18is a national nature reserve noted for its namesake subspecies
24:22of Bank Vole,
24:23a colony of Atlantic puffins
24:25and hundreds of thousands of Manx shearwaters?
24:30Edinburgh Ishma.
24:31Anglesey.
24:32No.
24:33Merton Duncan.
24:34Lundy Island.
24:35No, it's Skoma.
24:36Another starter question.
24:37From the Greek name of an oxygen group element,
24:39what five-letter word describes an organic compound
24:42containing an alcohol-like group that has sulphur in place of oxygen?
24:46Merton Ong.
24:47D-I-O-L.
24:47Can you spell your answer?
24:49T-H-I-O-L.
24:50Yes, correct.
24:51Use your pronounce D-I-O-L.
24:52Your bonuses are on some of the creatures
24:53from British and Irish folklore
24:55as depicted and named on Royal Mail's
24:562025 special collection of myths and legends stamps.
25:00In each case, give the name printed on the stamp
25:01for the creature described.
25:03First, a type of water demon originating
25:04in the folklore of Yorkshire and Lancashire
25:06that lurks in ponds and wells,
25:08waiting to grab children who come too near the edge of the water
25:10with its long spindly arms.
25:11Kelpie.
25:12No, it's Grindelow.
25:13Secondly, a spectral hound
25:15said to stalk East Anglia.
25:16Writer and naturalist William Duck once wrote of him,
25:18his howling makes the hero's blood run cold.
25:21Grim?
25:21No, that's Black Shuck.
25:22Finally, a shapeshifting creature
25:24appearing in both Scottish and Irish folklore
25:26that can transform from a seal into a human
25:28and vice versa.
25:29Sulky.
25:30Sulky.
25:30Yes, another starter question.
25:31Change of what colour may be defined
25:33as a copper carbonate mineral,
25:35a small dabbling duck,
25:37for example, anus cracker,
25:38and flowerless spore-bearing plants
25:40of the class Bryopsida.
25:44Blue?
25:45No.
25:47Edinburgh Richards?
25:48Brown?
25:48No, it's green,
25:49as in Malachite, Teal and Moss.
25:50Now, start the question.
25:51Name either of the two London boroughs
25:54located east of the City of London
25:56that is home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
25:59The boroughs in question
26:00are contiguous across the River Thames
26:01and have names that reflect the location of the site.
26:05Edinburgh Richards?
26:05Tower, Hamlet and Greenwich?
26:07Yes, I only needed to hear one,
26:09but you did get both of them right.
26:10Well done.
26:10Your bonuses are on Jean-Baptiste Colbert,
26:12the French controller general of finances
26:14under Louis XIV.
26:16The set of fiscal policies,
26:17known broadly as Colbertism,
26:19are generally synonymous with
26:20what broad economic system
26:22that seeks to maximise exports
26:24and protect domestic industry
26:25against free trade?
26:27Protectionism?
26:28Protectionism?
26:28You've both said that.
26:29Protectionism?
26:30No, this is specifically mercantilism.
26:31Colbert rose to power after exposing
26:33which man, finance minister at the time,
26:35with Louis XIV's coronation for embezzlement.
26:38Is this like the GQs thing?
26:39No.
26:40No, that's a long one later.
26:42F?
26:42Colbert.
26:44Come on.
26:45I pass.
26:47That's Nicolas Fouquet.
26:48Which fiscal practice did Colbert reputedly describe as,
26:51quote,
26:51plucking the goose as to obtain
26:53the largest possible amount of feathers
26:54with the smallest possible amount of hissing?
26:57Oh.
26:58Which one?
26:58What does that mean?
26:59Um, fiscal...
27:01So it's extraction?
27:03Something about, like...
27:04Taxation?
27:04Oh, but, like, hyper-taxation?
27:07Progressive taxation?
27:08Progressive taxation.
27:09Too specific.
27:09I just needed taxation.
27:10Now to start the question.
27:11And at the gone,
27:13Martin at 85,
27:14then Edinburgh at 105.
27:16APPLAUSE
27:20What a stressful game.
27:21Do you know, at the beginning,
27:22I thought you were competing with each other
27:24to get things wrong,
27:25and it was a massive wind-up.
27:26But you guys came back so fantastically,
27:28impressively,
27:29against such a strong side,
27:30then I thought you were going to pull off
27:31a near miracle,
27:32maybe with a heroic answer again
27:33from you, Elliot.
27:34But it's not the end of the road.
27:35We get to see you again
27:36because you come back.
27:37Edinburgh, you made it very stressful
27:39by sort of shutting up
27:40for about five minutes at the end there
27:41for no good reason.
27:42I don't know why.
27:42It was like you wanted to excite
27:43the viewers at home.
27:44Anyway, well done.
27:45You're through to the semi-finals,
27:46the first of our teams to make it,
27:47and we look forward to seeing you then.
27:49I hope you can join us next time, too,
27:51for another quarterfinal match.
27:52But until then,
27:53it is goodbye for now
27:54from Merton College, Oxford.
27:55Goodbye.
27:56It's goodbye from Edinburgh.
27:58Goodbye.
27:58And it's goodbye from me.
28:00Goodbye.
28:00Goodbye.
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