Modern Algerian History – From the Flames of Occupation to an Unbreakable Spirit - video Dailymotion

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00:02let's talk about Algeria you know for centuries this place wasn't just a country on a map it was

00:08a prize a real strategic powerhouse sitting right there on the Mediterranean and believe

00:13me empires fought tooth and nail to control it it's modern history it's a gripping story of

00:18occupation rebellion and this incredible unyielding fight for its very identity so let's dive into

00:24that and this quote really just nails it doesn't it Algeria was not just a spot on the map but

00:29the

00:29prize for which empires competed I mean think about it way back it was this formidable naval

00:34power that gave European kingdoms a run for their money so yeah Algeria has always been a major player

00:40but the story we're telling today it's modern story well it kicks off with a really brutal chapter a

00:46conquest that wasn't just about taking over land but about trying to completely wipe out an entire

00:51identity all right so let's set the scene we're going back to 1830 the target the Regency of

00:57Algiers this place had been a stronghold of Ottoman power for more than 300 years but France France had

01:03other ideas they were looking to settle some old scores and of course expand their empire so they

01:08launched this absolutely massive invasion and the speed of this thing was just stunning you've got a

01:14force of 40,000 French soldiers landing on the beach and they're armed with all this superior modern

01:19artillery they just completely overwhelmed the defenders they went a key battle at Staweli they lay siege

01:25to the capital and boom in just a matter of weeks Algiers falls and the French they're thinking job

01:31done they figured the fight was over oh man they could not have been more wrong so the capital's taken

01:37right the French are patting themselves on the back thinking Algeria is ours but here's the thing

01:43the fall of Algiers that wasn't the end of the story not even close it was actually the beginning

01:48of a long incredibly bloody struggle for the very soul of the country and almost immediately you have

01:55these two powerful figures who step up to lead the resistance in the west you've got the super charismatic

02:00Amir Abdelkader this guy unites tribes he's even building a modern state then over in the east you have

02:07Ahmed Bey who is fiercely defending his territory but and this is the crucial part here was the fatal flaw

02:12they never

02:13teamed up they never united and by fighting the exact same enemy but separately they basically allowed

02:18France to pick them off one by one it's a tragic pattern of division that sadly we'll see again later

02:23in Algeria's history now the resistance was this relentless guerrilla war and the French response was

02:29well it was total war this quote right here from the French commander Marshal Bougio it's absolutely

02:34chilling you will not plow the land and if you plow it you will not sow and if you sow

02:39it you will not

02:39harvest you have to understand that wasn't just a threat that was a statement of official policy

02:45the strategy was simple and it was brutal break the will of the people by completely destroying

02:50their ability to even live and this wasn't random violence no that policy was systematic we're talking

02:57about scorched earth tactics on a massive scale horrifying massacres of entire tribes literally burned

03:04alive in caves the French seized all the best farmland and just plundered Algeria's wealth iron gold you name

03:11it and to make it all official to formalize this whole system they imposed a set of laws called the

03:17code

03:17de l'indigenat the natives code it was a legal framework that basically wrote into law the idea that Algerians

03:24were inferior suppressing their language their religion and their most basic human rights okay so fast forward after more

03:31than a hundred years of this brutal occupation that deep desire for freedom it finally ignited it exploded

03:37into a full-scale revolution all those political movements that had been bubbling up in the early 20th

03:42century they gave way to an armed struggle a struggle that would demand a price that is almost impossible to

03:48imagine yeah just just look at that number for a second one point five million let that sink in we're

03:59talking about one and a half million lives lost this was not just a war this was a fight for

04:04national

04:05survival and the cost was absolutely staggering there's a reason Algeria is known as the country

04:10of a million martyrs so how did it happen well the path to revolution it started with political organizing

04:17people trying to work within the system but then came november 1st 1954 that's the day the national

04:22liberation front you'll know them as the fln launched this coordinated wave of attacks all across

04:26Algeria and that was it that was the first shot that was the start of the war what came next

04:32was

04:32eight years of just unbelievably brutal fighting the french threw everything they had at it half a

04:37million troops on the ground but they just could not break the will of the revolution and finally in

04:41march of 1962 the avian accords were signed in Algeria Algeria was finally free so picture it

04:47july 5th 1962 Algeria wakes up for the first time in 132 years as an independent nation the streets are

04:55just

04:55filled with celebration but that celebration didn't last very long that incredible unity that was forged in the fire of

05:03war it shattered almost immediately the leaders of the revolution the heroes they turned on each other fighting over who

05:10was

05:10going to get to shape the new country in this moment right here in 1965 was absolutely pivotal we're just

05:17three

05:18years past independence and the defense minister hawari bumedienne he stages a bloodless coup and overthrows the

05:25very first president ahmed ben bella now look this wasn't just some change of leadership no this set the

05:31precedent that would define Algeria for the next 50 years it established the military as the real power behind

05:37the throne the ultimate decision maker the silent king maker so bumedienne's era was really built on a few

05:43key pillars you had the military obviously dominating everything he also pushed a very strong socialist

05:49agenda and this next one is so critical in 1971 he nationalized the oil and gas industry that gave

05:57Algeria real economic independence control over its own resources but there was a big cost any kind of

06:03political dissent was absolutely crushed the military's grip on the state became total and all of this created

06:09this this kind of pressure cooker of grievances just simmering beneath the surface well remember that

06:14pressure cooker i just mentioned after decades of single-party rule a stagnating economy and all that

06:20political suppression it exploded the dream of a democratic Algeria was about to turn into a terrifying

06:27nightmare this next chapter in the nation's history is known simply as the black decade it was a period of

06:33unimaginable violence that literally tore the country apart and the way it all went down it

06:39happens so fast it's breathtaking so in 1989 there's a new constitution that finally allows for multiple

06:45political parties great right well in 1991 they hold the first round of elections an islamist party the

06:52fis taps into years of popular frustration and is on track for a massive landslide victory but the military

06:59establishment fearing an islamic state panics they step in they cancel the election and they force the

07:04president to resign just like that democracy was dead on arrival and the country plunged headfirst into a

07:10horrifying civil war and the people caught in the middle the civilians they were trapped in a deadly

07:16crossfire on one side you had armed islamist groups targeting not just soldiers and officials but

07:22journalists intellectuals and just ordinary citizens in these brutal massacres and on the other side

07:28you had the state security forces waging their own merciless campaign of repression we're talking

07:33about thousands of people being disappeared tortured it was a war with no front lines there were only

07:39victims so by the late 1990s the country is just exhausted utterly drained by the violence and out of this

07:47chaos a new leader emerges of course backed by the military and he comes with a promise to end the

07:53bloodshed his name was abdelaziz butaflika and he would bring a kind of stability for sure but it came

08:00at the cost of any real democracy and in doing so he set the stage for a completely new kind

08:04of revolution

08:05a peaceful one decades down the line and this this was the spark that lit the fuse after years of

08:12this

08:12very fragile peace a peace that was really just bought with oil money while the political system

08:16stagnated this announcement was the final insult i mean budaflika was old he was frail he'd barely even

08:23been seen in public for years after a stroke the idea that he would run for a fifth term it

08:28was just

08:28seen as a sign of the ruling elite's absolute contempt for the algerian people and this number right here

08:34this is the context you need 20 20 years he'd already been in power we're talking two decades of

08:42rule by a system that so many people felt was corrupt totally unaccountable and had completely

08:47failed to provide any kind of future for its young people all that anger that had been simmering for

08:52so long it finally finally boiled over and just like that the hirak which just means the movement

08:59was born and it was incredible millions of algerians i mean everyone from all walks of life poured into

09:06the streets every single friday and these were overwhelmingly peaceful demonstrations their demand

09:12was so clear and you have to get this it wasn't just about getting rid of one old president it

09:18was

09:18about dismantling the entire entrenched system of power a system they call the pouvoir the power and the

09:24hirak succeeded in a way it forced butaflika to resign which was a huge victory but that system

09:30le pouvoir well that proved a lot harder to get rid of elections were held sure but they were widely

09:37boycotted because people saw them as just more of the same a continuation of the old guard so today

09:42algeria is really at a crossroads it's facing serious economic problems high unemployment and a huge

09:48youth exodus known as the harga people risking their lives to get to europe there are rising tensions

09:54with its neighbor morocco and yet at the exact same time the war in ukraine has suddenly made

09:59algeria a critical energy supplier for europe giving it a whole new level of geopolitical importance

10:04so when you look back at this incredible journey of resistance sacrifice and constant struggle

10:09algeria finds itself once again at a pivotal moment this is a nation that has been forged in fire

10:15it has survived brutal colonialism a horrific civil war and decades of autocracy its resilience is

10:21undeniable so the question on the slide is really the one that matters will its future be born from

10:26hope or from fear what comes next for algeria that's the story that's still being written

Modern Algerian History – From the Flames of Occupation to an Unbreakable Spirit

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