00:00سماسورس المستخدمي خلال صبر سماسوري
00:04سماسوري لاحظة كان الظق Thomas
00:05اللغة حالية
00:07المستخدمين ذات الجانبية
00:08لأنه تم المستخدمين
00:13ليس موجودا في التجاه المستخدمين
00:14إنه موجودا
00:14الآن المشكلان
00:16موجوده في رزيزي بمرقى
00:17المشكلة لذولة الأمر المستخدمين
00:19المشوقات يواجه في هذه المباشرة
00:22ينظر الأمر
00:23منحظم خلال
00:27الشنطر
00:28وهو أحد من المطبع في مطموعة الفاتحة لربما في مطامن.
00:32أحسنا المزاهدين بأي هذا إلى مطموعة الفاتحة.
00:35ترجمة الكهنى دقاء يليس يطبع التعديل من الأرض
00:44نحن لدع56 معروف فاتحة.
00:58موسيقى
01:00إنه موسيقى
01:02من المثل هذا المكان في الدولة
01:05ولكن مصدر مليون منذ قبل
01:08هذا كان مستمع ربما
01:10موسيقى
01:10سمعته أرماني
01:13موسيقى
01:15فلنطق إلى الساحرة
01:16لتنطقى المزيدة
01:18كانت مراتي
01:19موسيقى
01:20وصلت على فترات تقوى مرة أخرى من المحاصرين
01:23أحياناً بشكل جدًاً
01:24وحياناً مرة أخرى مرة أخرى
01:27التنبوي التفكير المغارب العامة
01:28ومثلت تجربة على حاجة أحد أخرى
01:30وكانت تحسن الأشياء على حاجة أكثر من العامة
01:34وضع تحسن الآن وضعها
01:36تجربت مع نجول جميعاً
01:42ونجل جميعاً كذلك
01:44وقد كانت تجربة قطعاً
01:49We really didn't know anything about the lifestyle of Spinosaurus and its detailed anatomy.
01:55A particular mystery was the tail of a Spinosaurus,
01:58a part of its body only known from a few fragmentary bones.
02:03Previous reconstructions showed a long, thin tail, similar to other theropod dinosaurs.
02:08But when Nizar and his team started excavating the tail of the new specimen,
02:12they knew they'd found something special.
02:14So we're excavating caudal vertebrae, the tail vertebrae.
02:18And there's a spine at the top, right? It's the neural spine.
02:23The spine goes on and on and on and on, and we still haven't reached the end.
02:28And we thought, that's really weird.
02:29This is a tailbone at the end of the tail.
02:32Why on earth does it have such a long spine?
02:34Yeah, 52 centimeters, almost 53 actually.
02:38No other dinosaur has tailbones like this.
02:41And that's when we realized that the tail was basically like a giant fin.
02:47Nizar suspected that this fin would have made Spinosaurus an adept swimmer.
02:53To test the idea, he sent the reconstructed shape to colleagues at Harvard University,
02:58where they crafted plastic tails representing Spinosaurus,
03:02two other theropod dinosaurs, a crocodile and a newt.
03:05They then measured the thrust and efficiency of each tail shape as it moved in the water.
03:11The Spinosaurus tail really outperforms the other dinosaur tails.
03:16And it is comparable in many ways with the tails of crocodiles and newts.
03:21So what the experiments showed was that this was a clear advantage for an animal pursuing prey in the water.
03:28Spinosaurus' aquatic lifestyle has been the subject of decades of debate.
03:34While there were several other large aquatic reptiles in this period, none were dinosaurs.
03:40For a very, very long time, paleontologists assumed the one thing dinosaurs never did was invade the watery world, aquatic
03:50ecosystems.
03:51There were already several pieces of evidence pointing towards Spinosaurus being adapted for water.
03:57Crocodile-like teeth for grasping fish, dense bones for buoyancy control, and short hind legs unsuited to running.
04:05Still, researchers disagreed on just how reliant Spinosaurus was on aquatic prey,
04:10and whether it swam or just waded in the shallows.
04:14Nizar believes this new find could settle the debate.
04:17The big thing we were missing was a propulsive structure,
04:21because you can't really be an aquatic predator unless you have some way to catch prey in the water and
04:27move through the water.
04:28And so that's what we now found.
04:30We now know that this dinosaur had a fin-like tail that propelled it through this river system.
04:35So this was a river monster.
04:37It was a dinosaur that did things that no other dinosaur did.
04:41Paleontologists knew that dinosaurs went on to conquer the skies.
04:44But this is the strongest evidence yet that at least one of them also conquered the waters.
04:51It could be that Spinosaurus is unique,
04:53or it could show just how much there is left to learn about the age of dinosaurs.
05:04Mamma mia возможность!
05:06Mamma mia!
05:06Mamma mia!
05:07Mamma mia!
05:07Mamma mia!
05:08Herr II
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