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00:00For me, see you, see you, see you.
00:47See you, see you.
00:58The living conditions were quite terrible for the prisoners.
01:03There was no link between normal civilized people
01:08and the way these Japanese troops were behaving.
01:12No reason why they really had to behave
01:15in this awful, sadistic, cruel manner.
01:18I hated them. I absolutely loathed them.
01:21Every single way, I loathed them.
01:25The Japanese treatment of Allied prisoners
01:27in the Second World War is infamous.
01:30But they haven't always treated their prisoners so badly.
01:49During World War I, the Japanese fought on the same side as the British
01:53and captured German soldiers who were fighting in Asia.
02:06My grandfather never said Japanese were cruel.
02:09He liked Japanese people.
02:14During World War I, he was brought to Japan as a German prisoner.
02:24They had a lot of free time in the camp.
02:29They made their own sausages and they had a lot of concerts.
02:43These German prisoners were benefiting from an imperial command of 1882
02:47which said Japanese soldiers should act towards others with respect.
02:52They were treated as guests at that time.
03:01Some of the German prisoners of war elected to stay on in Japan after their release
03:06and German restaurants and German beer halls flourished in most of the major cities.
03:16How could the Japanese behave with such kindness towards their prisoners in World War I
03:21and then, less than 30 years later, act with such cruelty?
03:39In March 1945, Tokyo was firebombed.
03:43Houses and streets devastated.
03:46About 100,000 people were killed.
03:51Rebuilt during the second half of the 20th century,
03:54Today, the Japanese capital resembles a prosperous American city.
04:04America occupied Japan after the war
04:07and it's easy to imagine that it's because of their influence
04:10that Japan appears to have so embraced the West.
04:19But the truth is that Japan first turned its eyes westward
04:22long before there was any thought of war.
04:34Crown Prince Hirohito visited Britain in the early 1920s.
04:52Japan appeared enthusiastically to adopt Western values,
04:56from dancing to democracy.
05:03As far back as 1885,
05:05a Japanese academic had coined what became a popular slogan,
05:10Abandon Asia,
05:11go for the West.
05:18Like the rest of the country,
05:20the Japanese monarchy too had been changing,
05:22but not in a way that made it resemble Western royalty.
05:32In the 1920s,
05:34the Japanese were being taught
05:35that their emperor,
05:37living here,
05:38in a 280-acre park in central Tokyo,
05:42was more than just a mere human being.
05:52The emperor at the time was called a living god.
05:57We were taught that the emperor was a god
06:00in the form of a human being.
06:02That was the education we received.
06:06When you think about it realistically,
06:08it is strange and it's not possible,
06:11but that was what we were taught.
06:20In Japan,
06:22it was in the interests of one group
06:23more than any other
06:24that the emperor be perceived
06:25as an all-powerful living god,
06:28the armed forces.
06:38The army and navy
06:39were only ultimately answerable
06:41to their supreme commander,
06:42Emperor Hirohito.
06:44As long as they acted
06:45in the name of their divine emperor,
06:47elected Japanese politicians
06:49found it almost impossible
06:50to control them.
06:52And by the late 1920s,
06:54many within the army
06:55thought Japan should act decisively
06:57and expand.
07:06At the time,
07:08the problem was
07:09our population was increasing
07:10and our natural resources
07:12couldn't sustain such an increase.
07:18Ideally, we hoped to receive cooperation
07:20from other countries
07:22to solve the problem,
07:23but back then,
07:24the world was under the control
07:25of the West
07:26and a peaceful solution
07:27seemed impossible.
07:36So we decided to do the same
07:38as the United Kingdom,
07:39America and France
07:40had done in the past
07:41and from time to time
07:43use force to solve the problem.
07:53By the early 1930s,
07:55Western countries had colonized
07:57much of Asia.
07:59Britain's colonies included Hong Kong,
08:01Malaya and Burma.
08:03America's included the Philippines,
08:05Holland's the Dutch East Indies
08:07and the French Indochina.
08:09Japan, late on the scene,
08:11only had under its control
08:12Taiwan,
08:13a few islands in the Pacific
08:14and Korea.
08:16Now, in 1931,
08:18the Japanese army
08:19launched an attack on Manchuria.
08:24At the League of Nations in Geneva,
08:26Japan's actions
08:27were roundly condemned.
08:29Monsieur Imant,
08:31President of the Assembly,
08:32announces that
08:33of the 44 states represented,
08:3442 decide against Japan.
08:48On Japan's behalf,
08:50Mr. Mac...
08:50For the Japanese foreign minister,
08:51the Western powers
08:53were simply hypocrites.
08:55Japan, however,
08:57finds it impossible
08:59to accept
09:01the report
09:02adopted
09:03by the Assembly.
09:05And so Japan
09:07leaves the League.
09:08The Far Eastern war cloud
09:09casts its shadow
09:10over the whole world.
09:18Japan,
09:19isolated up to the middle
09:21of the 19th century,
09:22was now isolated once more
09:24from the Western club.
09:27In the face of what they took
09:29as the West's double standards
09:30and a growing economic depression
09:32at home,
09:34the call was for Japan
09:35to expand even further
09:36and conquer more territory
09:39within Asia.
09:47But to fulfill their dreams,
09:49the Japanese army
09:50needed to recruit
09:51ever more soldiers.
09:57By 1937,
09:58the Japanese army
09:59was five times bigger
10:00than it had been
10:01at the turn of the century.
10:03Many in the military
10:04were concerned
10:05at how discipline
10:05could be maintained
10:06in a force
10:07that had increased
10:08so hugely.
10:09And they found
10:10one answer to the problem
10:11in the training
10:12of the recruits.
10:13It became more brutal.
10:17Any compassionate elements
10:19that had existed
10:19in the old Japanese
10:20warrior code
10:21were eliminated.
10:26If the soldiers
10:27made the smallest mistake,
10:29they were physically beaten.
10:33Sometimes you'd be hit
10:34with fists
10:35and sometimes you'd be hit
10:36with bamboo sticks.
10:38Sometimes in the evening
10:39we couldn't eat our food
10:40because our faces
10:41were so swollen.
10:55It's called self-punishment.
10:58Once the instructor
11:00gets tired
11:00of beating you up,
11:02they have recruits
11:03face each other
11:04and slap each other.
11:06So we,
11:07all of us recruits,
11:09comrades together,
11:10start to slap each other.
11:16instead of being
11:17slapped by an instructor.
11:20Gradually,
11:21I felt that
11:21I'd missed out
11:22on something
11:22if by night time
11:24I hadn't been beaten up
11:25at least once.
11:32I was beaten
11:33with fists.
11:35There is an expression
11:36seeing stars
11:37in your eyes.
11:41Well,
11:41when you're beaten
11:42like that,
11:43you literally do see
11:44stars in your eyes.
11:47The training
11:48was so severe
11:49that I felt
11:50that I'd rather die.
11:56The Japanese military
11:57didn't just want
11:58to mould their own soldiers,
11:59but the general population
12:01of Japan as well.
12:06The Japanese military
12:08the Japanese military
12:08was
12:09in the middle of the world.
12:16The Japanese military
12:21was
12:23in the middle of the world.
12:38This film was shown in Japanese cinemas just months after Japan withdrew from the League of Nations.
12:44In it, Japanese who adopt Western values, like this pipe-smoking mandolin player, are ridiculed.
12:54A strong attack is made on those Japanese women who have rejected a tradition of subservience.
12:59Here, a Westernised Japanese woman objects when a man stands on her foot.
13:43Many in Japan now wanted to grow a bigger empire on the Asian mainland, a policy that was popular
13:49not just with the army, but with many politicians, businessmen, and ordinary Japanese as well.
13:55The minority who openly opposed military expansion risked assassination.
14:00Seven prominent Japanese, including two prime ministers, were murdered by army officers during the 30s.
14:13It was against this background of intimidation and threat from the Japanese military that the Imperial Army moved on China.
14:27The Japanese army advanced over these fields in eastern China in 1937.
14:32And their basic philosophy, as they attempted to create their own gigantic colony here, was simple.
14:38The Japanese ought to have this land, because the Chinese weren't worthy of it.
14:49We call the Chinese chankoro.
14:54Chankoro, that meant below human, like bugs or animals.
15:01Whereas the Japanese are a superior race, which had been in existence for 2,600 years.
15:23In the course of their war in China, the Japanese used modern weapons of mass destruction.
15:58Ironically, given that the Americans themselves were to bomb Japan on an even greater scale 8 years later,
16:04The New York Times reveals that the American government condemned what the Japanese were doing,
16:09in an article published on the 23rd of September, 1937.
16:19The American government holds the view that any general bombing of an extensive area
16:23wherein there resides a large populace engaged in peaceable pursuits
16:27is unwarranted and contrary to principles of law and humanity.
16:40And Western opinion was outraged still further
16:43when in December 1937, the Japanese army reached the then capital of China, Nanking.
17:06The city is ringed by the glow of a hundred flames that seem funeral pyres in honor of the heroic
17:13or the helpless dead.
17:14Horror piles upon horror, and one pitiful scene surpasses another.
17:30We found the Japanese doing things in the world that we didn't think were correct.
17:37For one, the Japanese were raping Nanking, and that was shown in a dramatic way on our movie screens.
17:46That man carries the body of his child, clinging dumbly to the forlorn hope that life still inhabits its shattered
17:54little body.
17:56On the night of December the 14th, there were many cases of Japanese soldiers entering Chinese houses
18:02and raping women or taking them away.
18:05This created a panic in the area.
18:07We Europeans are all paralyzed with horror.
18:10There are executions everywhere.
18:13Some are being carried out with machine guns outside the barracks of the war ministry.
18:17Last night, up to a thousand women and girls were said to have been raped.
18:20About a hundred girls in Ginling College alone.
18:23You hear of nothing but rape.
18:25If husbands or brothers intervene, they're shot.
18:29Rape and brutality all must be unbelief.
18:32Two girls aged about 16 were raped to death in one of the refugee camps.
18:37In the university middle school, where there are 8,000 people,
18:40the Japs came in ten times last night over the wall,
18:44stole food, clothing, and raped until they were satisfied.
18:48They bayoneted one little boy, killing him.
18:51And I spent an hour and a half this morning patching up another little boy of eight,
18:55who had five bayonet wounds.
18:58These pictures of victims of the Japanese were taken in Nanking Hospital
19:01by an American missionary, the Reverend John McGee,
19:04and later smuggled out of China.
19:08Men had been set on fire, women beaten and raped.
19:15This seven-year-old boy had been stabbed seven times in the stomach
19:18and died after three days in hospital.
19:23This woman, Shu-Ying Li, had been bayoneted by Japanese soldiers
19:28because she tried to resist being raped.
19:39He grasped my hand and I took his collar.
19:45He was not as tall as I was and I began to bite him.
19:52He held on to my hand so I couldn't fight back.
19:56I couldn't fight back.
20:00He began to shout because of being bitten.
20:06Then, two other Japanese soldiers came.
20:10One stood on one side, the other stood on the other side,
20:13and then they started to bayonet me.
20:18Around seven months pregnant at the time she was bayoneted,
20:22Shu-Ying Li miscarried her baby, a boy, whilst in hospital.
20:28I had a wonderful family.
20:30The Japanese destroyed it.
20:33How cruel they were.
20:35My son would have been born in February 1938.
20:40He would have been over 60 years old by now.
20:49And after Nanking, the Japanese army continued to commit atrocities,
20:54particularly during the fierce struggle in the Chinese countryside,
20:57where the Japanese were often attempting to wrest control
21:00from Mao's communist army.
21:05When you enter a village, first you steal their valuables.
21:09Then you kill people.
21:11Then you set the village on fire and burn everything.
21:15Such killing, burning, and robbing was seen everywhere.
21:26Japanese soldiers didn't just burn the Chinese.
21:28They used them for bayonet practice.
21:53One Japanese soldier ordered on several occasions
21:56to bayonet Chinese prisoners was Yoshio Tsuchiya.
22:03The first time, you still have a conscience and feel bad.
22:11But if you are labelled as courageous and honoured and given merit,
22:15and if you're praised as having this courage,
22:18that will be the driving power for the second time.
22:24And so, after the second time, I didn't feel anything.
22:31If I thought of them as human beings,
22:33I could never have done it.
22:36But because I thought of them as animals
22:38or below human beings,
22:43we did it.
22:52Just as in the city of Nanking,
22:55the women and children in the countryside
22:57were also at risk.
23:03When soldiers went into the village
23:05and entered the houses,
23:07they first searched for any valuables to take.
23:10Then they searched for women.
23:16My comrade, by chance,
23:17found a woman in her thirties and captured her.
23:20Then a group rape took place.
23:25She had a baby with her.
23:28Normally, when group rape happened,
23:30the victims were killed.
23:32But this time, she was not killed
23:34and was carried to the next base camp.
23:37Then she was taken with her baby
23:38on the march the next day.
23:44I heard older soldiers whispering to each other,
23:47asking, what should we do,
23:49as the woman was getting weaker.
23:55Suddenly, one of them stood up
23:56and grabbed her baby
23:57and threw it over a cliff,
23:59which was 30 to 40 meters high.
24:05Then instantly, the mother of the baby followed,
24:08jumping off the cliff.
24:10We were on a break,
24:12and when I saw what was happening in front of me,
24:14I thought, what a horrible thing to do.
24:17I felt sorry for them for a while,
24:20but I had to carry on marching.
24:38No one will ever know
24:39exactly how many suffered
24:41during the Japanese attempt
24:42to create an empire in China.
24:45But there can be no doubt
24:46that many millions of Chinese died.
24:59Few of the Japanese soldiers in China
25:02who committed rape or murder
25:03were ever prosecuted for their crimes
25:05by the Japanese military.
25:10But after the war,
25:11some Japanese soldiers,
25:12like Masayo Enomoto,
25:15were imprisoned for war crimes
25:16by the Chinese.
25:21During the war,
25:22there were many times
25:23when you raped and killed women.
25:25Didn't you feel guilty
25:26about what you were doing?
25:29I didn't feel any sense of guilt then.
25:37Why?
25:37Why didn't you have
25:38any sense of guilt or shame?
25:42Because I was fighting for the emperor.
25:44He was a god.
25:45In the name of the emperor,
25:47we could do whatever we wanted
25:48against the Chinese.
25:50Therefore,
25:50I had no sense of guilt.
25:56The Japanese soldier's
25:58supreme commander,
25:59the god emperor of Japan,
26:02spent most of his time
26:03secluded behind the walls
26:04of his palace in Tokyo.
26:08Even today,
26:10opinion is divided among historians
26:12as to the extent
26:13as to the extent to which
26:13emperor Hirohito knew
26:14about the barbaric crimes
26:16his soldiers were committing
26:17in China.
26:18Not only are many documents
26:20within the imperial
26:21and other archives
26:22still kept secret,
26:23but thousands more
26:24were burnt by the Japanese
26:26before the Americans
26:27arrived to occupy their country
26:28at the end of the war.
26:39What is certain
26:40is that no evidence
26:41has surfaced
26:42that emperor Hirohito,
26:43as supreme commander
26:45of the Japanese army,
26:47ever attempted
26:47to hold his soldiers
26:48properly to account
26:49for their conduct
26:50in China.
26:56Just across the border
26:58from the vicious war
26:59the Japanese
26:59were conducting in China
27:00lay the British colony
27:02of Hong Kong.
27:03By comparison,
27:05an oasis of calm.
27:36It was a good little colony,
27:39alas, I suppose,
27:41the British empire,
27:42and, of course,
27:44it was in the last days
27:46of the British empire
27:47as it so happened.
27:53Our lives there
27:54were really very happy.
27:57It was a marvellous place
27:58for entertainment
27:59where there were always
28:01dances going on,
28:03formal dances
28:04that were being arranged,
28:06great parties.
28:12The people in the British empire
28:14thought that we were
28:17completely superior
28:19to any other nation
28:22it was the largest empire
28:24that had ever been built
28:26in the history
28:27of the world.
28:39On the other side
28:40of these mountains,
28:41the Japanese were amassing
28:43one of the world's
28:43most powerful armies.
28:47Anthony Hewitt
28:49was one of those
28:49who recognised
28:50the enormity
28:51of the threat.
28:52I saw
28:53a Japanese
28:55force
28:56carrying out
28:57an exercise
28:58and I realised
29:00that from a military
29:01point of view
29:02they were very advanced.
29:04They had excellent weapons,
29:06their soldiers
29:06were very highly trained
29:08and they
29:09were really
29:11outstanding.
29:14Anthony Hewitt
29:15sent his report
29:16on the strength
29:16of the Japanese army
29:17to his commanding general
29:18and was told
29:20he was probably
29:21exaggerating the problem.
29:23The overall commander-in-chief
29:25of the British forces
29:26in the Far East,
29:27Air Chief Marshal
29:27Sir Robert Brooke Popham
29:29seems not to have been impressed
29:31by some of the Japanese soldiers
29:32he saw either.
29:34In a personal letter
29:35to Major General
29:36Sir Hastings Ismay
29:37less than a year
29:38before Pearl Harbour
29:39he wrote
29:40I had a good close-up
29:42across the barbed wire
29:43of various subhuman specimens
29:46dressed in dirty grey uniform
29:48which I was informed
29:49were Japanese soldiers.
29:51If these represent
29:52the average
29:53of the Japanese army
29:54I cannot believe
29:56they would form
29:57an intelligent fighting force.
30:06And British officers
30:07weren't alone
30:08in being unimpressed
30:09by the Japanese soldiers
30:10they saw.
30:13Our concept
30:14of the Japanese
30:15prior to the time
30:17that the Japanese
30:18attacked us
30:19at Pearl Harbour
30:20was that
30:22they were
30:22a weak
30:24not very sophisticated
30:27people
30:30and
30:30it was so foreign
30:31to us.
30:32The Japanese
30:33were just of small stature.
30:36They were not
30:37a very friendly
30:39but also
30:39not a very
30:40intelligent
30:41group of people.
30:43Obviously
30:43of course
30:43we were wrong.
30:49After all
30:52the head of the country
30:53was supposed to
30:54have been
30:54a descendant of God
30:55and we thought
30:56how primitive
30:57that
30:58situation was.
31:05But there was
31:06another western nation
31:07Germany
31:08which did value
31:09the Japanese.
31:11Indeed
31:12Nazi Germany
31:12and Imperial Japan
31:13wanted to form
31:14an alliance.
31:21When World War II
31:23started in 1939
31:25Germany's
31:26swift growth
31:26in power
31:27impressed
31:28not only
31:28the political
31:29leaders
31:29of the Japanese
31:30government
31:30but also
31:31the military ones.
31:39They believed
31:39that the Germans
31:40would win this war.
31:42This belief
31:43was the foundation
31:44for the Japanese
31:45thinking at the time.
31:57a formal treaty
31:58of alliance
31:59was signed
31:59between
32:00Nazi Germany,
32:01Japan
32:01and Germany's
32:02Axis partner
32:03Italy
32:03on September
32:04the 27th
32:051940.
32:07It was celebrated
32:08in Tokyo
32:09with this reception
32:09at the German embassy.
32:22The Japanese
32:23took advantage
32:24of their new alliance
32:25with the Germans
32:26by moving into
32:26northern Indochina,
32:28today's Vietnam.
32:30This had been
32:31a French colony
32:32but the Germans
32:33had just overrun France
32:34so for the Japanese
32:35it was ripe
32:36for the picking.
32:40Japan continued
32:41to tell the world
32:42it wanted to create
32:43a greater East Asia
32:44co-prosperity sphere.
32:47Asia for the Asians
32:48was the slogan.
32:50But the reality
32:51was in essence
32:52that the locals
32:54were merely swapping
32:54one colonial master
32:56for another.
33:02In Washington
33:04the American government
33:05nervous about
33:06Japanese colonial
33:07intentions
33:08announced that
33:09fuel sales to Japan
33:10would be suspended
33:11if Japan did not
33:13reconsider her
33:13aggressive actions.
33:15The Japanese
33:16had no fuel resources
33:17of their own
33:18and so felt
33:19they now faced
33:20a simple choice
33:21either give up
33:22their imperial ambitions
33:24or fight the Americans.
33:32America is a big country
33:34and we knew
33:35that we wouldn't
33:35be able to win
33:36against them
33:37once the war
33:37was prolonged.
33:38We would lose.
33:44The only hope
33:45was to destroy
33:46their Pacific fleet.
33:48At the time
33:49the fleet
33:50was the mainstay
33:51of military power
33:51be it American,
33:53British or Japanese.
33:59The fleet
34:00represented a nation's
34:02military power
34:03so if you destroyed
34:05the fleet
34:05the damage
34:06would be huge.
34:12It would ruin
34:13President Roosevelt's
34:14reputation
34:14as a commander-in-chief.
34:17He might then
34:17be put in a difficult
34:18position
34:19so this mission
34:20was undertaken
34:21bravely.
34:29When the Japanese
34:30attacked Pearl Harbor
34:31we thought
34:32this was a dirty trick.
34:34Those stinkers
34:36they attacked us
34:38by surprise
34:38in our own base.
34:40They weren't fair
34:41they weren't honest.
34:53I personally thought
34:54that that was
34:55the United States
34:56Army Air Corps
34:58who had mistakenly
34:59dropped their bombs
35:01on us
35:02until we saw
35:03the red circles
35:04on the Japanese
35:04planes
35:05as they went over.
35:10We were very surprised.
35:12We didn't think
35:13they had the capability
35:14nor that they would
35:15be bold enough
35:16to do it.
35:24We thought
35:25the Japanese
35:26just could not
35:27see well
35:27because all the
35:28pictures we'd seen
35:29of the Japanese
35:30over the years
35:31they were wearing
35:32thick horn-ribbed
35:33glasses.
35:35Instead of that
35:36the sneaky Japanese
35:39outsmarted us.
35:46moments after
35:47they bombed
35:48Pearl Harbor
35:48the Japanese
35:50attacked Hong Kong.
35:54On Hong Kong Island
35:56the stands
35:56at Happy Valley
35:57Racecourse
35:57were turned
35:58into a hospital.
35:59One of the first
36:00signs the nurses
36:01here saw
36:01of the Japanese
36:02was a single
36:03engine fighter plane
36:04appearing overhead.
36:06First of all
36:07we thought
36:07they were Americans
36:08and then of course
36:10we saw
36:10the great sun
36:11on them
36:12and we realised
36:15and the next
36:16thing
36:16these
36:18bullets were
36:19coming out
36:19of the wings.
36:28They had three
36:29red crosses
36:30on the top
36:31of the
36:31jockey club
36:33so they could
36:34see that
36:36but they never
36:37worried about that.
36:39you were scared
36:41but when you've
36:43got a crowd
36:43of you
36:44you mustn't
36:44show that.
36:46You mustn't
36:47show that
36:47you're afraid.
36:58The attitude
36:59of the Japanese
37:00who invaded Hong Kong
37:01that December
37:02was very different
37:03from that
37:03of their countrymen
37:04who had so generously
37:05cared for their
37:06prisoners
37:06in the First World War.
37:13These Japanese soldiers
37:14with their country
37:15having pulled out
37:16of the League of Nations
37:17were scarcely concerned
37:19about what world
37:19opinion would say
37:20about their treatment
37:21of prisoners.
37:23All of these soldiers
37:24had been subjected
37:25to a training
37:25that brutalised them
37:27and they had been told
37:28that surrender
37:29was dishonourable.
37:30Most of them
37:31came from
37:32the horrific war
37:32in China
37:33where they'd fought
37:34an enemy
37:35many believed
37:36was subhuman.
37:58some of the first
37:59to suffer at the hands
38:00of the Japanese
38:01on Hong Kong Island
38:02were the staff
38:03of the British Army
38:04medical store
38:04at the Cilician Mission.
38:07From the top windows
38:08we could see
38:09that we were surrounded
38:10by Japanese.
38:13It wasn't very long
38:14after the Japanese
38:15knocked at the doors
38:16and ordered us
38:17all out
38:18to the courtyard.
38:21The Japanese
38:22then ordered
38:22all the men
38:23to be stripped
38:24from the waist up.
38:28I was then asked
38:29to lead the party
38:31up the hill
38:31to where
38:33the road
38:34met
38:35a nullah.
38:38A nullah
38:39is an Indian word
38:40meaning
38:41a stormwater drain
38:43or a stream.
38:49On the hillside
38:51were Japanese troops
38:52and they were
38:53jeering and shouting
38:54at us
38:54as we went.
38:57What they did do
38:58was to bayonet us.
39:00In other words
39:00we were there
39:01for bayonet practice.
39:03They bayonet us
39:04from the back
39:05and pushed us
39:06into the drain
39:07one by one.
39:10And I was
39:11at the end
39:11of the line
39:11and I said
39:12look I've got
39:12to do something quick.
39:14And by instinct
39:14I fell in.
39:17A few seconds later
39:18another body
39:19fell on me.
39:21I lay in the nullah
39:22the water
39:23was passing under me
39:24began to get
39:27more and more bloody.
39:31After about ten minutes
39:32everything was quiet.
39:39and then I heard somebody
39:40walking along the top
39:41of the nullah
39:42along the edge.
39:44He came over
39:45to where I lay.
39:48I heard the bolt
39:49I heard the shot
39:50and the next thing
39:51I felt
39:52was this severe blow
39:53across my face
39:55and blood was coming
39:56out of my mouth.
39:59I felt
40:00a sense of hopelessness
40:01or absolutely
40:03bleak frustration
40:04that this
40:04should end like this.
40:07The bullet
40:07did not inflict
40:08serious injury
40:09on Osler Thomas
40:10and he was able
40:11to hide underneath
40:12the dead bodies
40:13of his comrades
40:13until nightfall.
40:15At that particular
40:17point
40:17the nullah
40:18makes a 90 degree
40:20turn
40:20and tumbles
40:21down the hill
40:22by a series
40:23of steps.
40:29That night
40:30when things
40:31were dark
40:31I made my way
40:32down the nullah.
40:35The Japanese
40:35murdered 30 people
40:37on the hillside.
40:38Osler Thomas
40:39was one of only
40:40two survivors.
40:41We never realized
40:42what was going
40:43to happen.
40:44We thought Japan
40:44would take over
40:45Hong Kong
40:45and that was it.
40:47Life perhaps
40:47would be very much
40:48like the same
40:49but it wasn't so.
40:54As the Japanese
40:55advanced into Hong Kong
40:57the Chinese inhabitants
40:58of the city
40:59became a particular target.
41:02I'd watched
41:03some Japanese
41:05kill people
41:06on the cricket ground
41:08along Queen's Road.
41:09They were just
41:11hitting the Chinese
41:12all over the place
41:15knocking them down
41:16with rifle butts
41:17shooting people
41:18for no reason
41:19at all
41:20robbing them.
41:21It was really
41:21quite ghastly.
41:23We were the people
41:24who were meant
41:25to look after
41:26the Chinese
41:28of Hong Kong.
41:29We were meant
41:29to be the people
41:30who should have
41:31defended them
41:31and now we have
41:32left them
41:34at the mercy
41:35of these ghastly
41:37people.
41:38They'd upset me
41:39terribly.
41:44On Christmas Day
41:451941
41:46the day the British
41:47surrendered in Hong Kong
41:49some Japanese soldiers
41:51turned their attention
41:51to the nurses
41:52in the makeshift hospital
41:53at the jockey club.
41:56The Japanese
41:57came
41:57shone their torches
41:59round
42:00and
42:01picked out
42:02four
42:04girls
42:05and they'd just
42:06go upstairs.
42:09One girl
42:11she had been sick
42:14and
42:19I put my foot in
42:20and I said
42:20this girl's sick.
42:22she's very sick.
42:25They didn't take much
42:26notice
42:26and eventually
42:29the three of us
42:30saying
42:30well
42:31she must go
42:32down.
42:34They did
42:35and
42:35unfortunately
42:37for us
42:37we were
42:38all raped.
42:46wasn't very nice
42:49but if we tried
42:50to do anything
42:51you would have
42:51got a bullet
42:52so
42:56that was the only
42:58thing
42:58you just sort of
42:59grin and veer it.
43:09Whilst only a small
43:10minority of western
43:11women in Hong Kong
43:12suffered the same fate
43:13as Connie Sully
43:14at the jockey club
43:15the Japanese
43:16did go on
43:17to mistreat
43:18virtually all those
43:19they imprisoned
43:19in Hong Kong
43:21often placing them
43:22in camps
43:22where they suffered
43:23from malnutrition
43:24and overcrowding.
43:25歌唱
43:26Wahoo!
43:30Wahoo!
43:32Wahoo!
43:34Wahoo!
43:35Wahoo!
43:36Wahoo!
43:36Wahoo!
43:36Wahoo!飛べよ日本地域の海の地完全足音に地平も揺れよ大陸のすべてのものは
44:20By the spring of 1942,
44:23Singapore, Burma, Malaya and the Philippines
44:25had all fallen to the Japanese.
44:36In Singapore alone, 50,000 troops were captured.
44:44Throughout Southeast Asia,
44:46Japanese forces disarmed the prisoners of war
44:48and revelled in what they had accomplished.
45:09I think we were all rather shocked and taken aback
45:12to see the size of them.
45:13We thought,
45:14how on earth are we going to look after people of this size?
45:17Yeah, I was surprised.
45:32Six万の惚れを沿道に取り付け閉めて、今日は山下最高指揮官の撤兵が行われた。
45:48about 350,000 prisoners of war
45:51eventually fell into Japanese hands in Southeast Asia.
45:56more than one in four of them
45:58subsequently died in captivity.
46:00jackets
46:12橘桂恵
46:16京本
46:21穢京
46:23三
46:23海
46:23果
46:28石
46:29梢
46:31Oh
46:33Oh
46:33Oh
46:33Oh
46:34Oh
46:35Oh
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