00:00Has the US-led world order been a success or has it been too successful that now everyone's
00:07taking it for granted? Has it been a failure? And that's why the US is pivoting away?
00:12It has. It's been mixed. President Trump and his team now at the White House and in the first
00:18Trump administration argued, and I think quite persuasively, that elements of that order were
00:24not advantageous to the United States. They focused on the areas in which the US had been
00:29harmed or disadvantaged, whether it was global trade, whether it was, as Sir Michael pointed
00:37out, providing more for our allies and partners in terms of outright numbers and defense spending
00:42numbers. So they sought to correct that. And I think the correction now provides us with an
00:49opportunity to create a stronger set of cooperative arrangements between the United States, its
00:57allies and partners by focusing, as I mentioned, on outcomes. I have a piece coming out this week
01:04in Foreign Affairs in which I sort of prove these points, I think, with more detail and data,
01:10that if you look at the outcomes that this global order sought to achieve, climate being a key one,
01:16which I think is probably of interest to your audience, but also development goals, migration,
01:22nonproliferation, it has not done that well. It has, in some cases, outright failed. Climate outcomes
01:29are fundamentally no better than they were 25 to 30 years ago in terms of emissions by the UN's own
01:35standards. Development outcomes have not achieved what the UN has been saying for decades and decades
01:40and decades. These are hurting, especially in the development realm, hurting the people that could
01:46most benefit. So looking at new approaches and measuring outcomes, I think, is really, we could
01:53challenge ourselves to do that in a way. It's easier to focus on processes, right? Everyone likes to focus
01:59on process, but let's focus on the outcomes we want and then working backwards. And I think that's going to
02:05be the real strength of democracies working together to achieve better outcomes.
Comments