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Robert Mugabe... what happened?, charts the Shakespearean rise and fall of the man who led a very successful African country, and then ruined it. Mugabe was damned as a terrorist, then knighted by Queen Elizabeth, and is still in power more than 30 years later. The film explores what happened through interviews with some of his closest comrades. It assembles a unique collection of southern African archive to powerfully evoke each of the decades of Mugabe's reign. This is a complex and compelling view of Zimbabwe the country and Mugabe the man.
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00:00:00THE CITY IN BRAZIL
00:00:30THE CITY IN BRAZIL
00:00:59A thousand years ago, this was the heart of the Monometapa Empire.
00:01:05This medieval southern African kingdom traded silks and gold with China and India.
00:01:10It was a seat of great power.
00:01:12But Monometapa has long passed into history, and the ancestors who haunt these stone dwellings
00:01:27may contemplate in horror the fear unleashed on the land.
00:01:35In this beautiful country, life goes on.
00:01:39But behind the facade, terror lurks.
00:01:43Democracy is in Africa.
00:01:54It's a difficult proposition.
00:01:57It's a difficult proposition because always the opposition will want much more than what it deserves.
00:02:17President Mugabe seems to believe that he is God's own gift to Zimbabwe.
00:02:28And he seems to genuinely believe that nobody has the potential or the capacity to replace him.
00:02:35This cruelty, this inhuman treatment of people has been visited by a black president on his own people.
00:02:48I feel very sad for him.
00:02:56I feel very sad for him. Of course, I feel sad for all of us.
00:02:58I feel sad for myself.
00:03:00Here is a man who the world was admiring and praising.
00:03:10In 1980, the British colony of Rhodesia became Zimbabwe.
00:03:34Fifteen years of savage guerrilla war ended.
00:03:40I wish to assure you that the support we have, we will not put to ill use.
00:03:48We will use in order to further the objectives of the Lancaster House Agreement
00:03:55so that we proceed to elections and our people can vote Zarno into power.
00:04:01Under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, the people of Zimbabwe were free at last.
00:04:13It was a time of peace and great hope.
00:04:16Mugabe united a warring nation.
00:04:19Yesterday I fought you as an enemy.
00:04:22Today you have become a friend and ally with the same national interest, loyalty, rights and duties as myself.
00:04:31If yesterday you hated me, today you cannot avoid the love that binds you to me and me to you.
00:04:39Is it not folly, therefore, that in these circumstances should anyone seek to revive the wounds and grievances of the past?
00:04:48Do you think you didn't publish anything to me and do those that are for you?
00:05:06I believe that Mugabe,
00:05:26at a point,
00:05:27He was a genuine leader of the people.
00:05:31especially when Mugabe
00:05:32revealed the release from war,
00:05:34in the 1980s.
00:05:36This required some compromise.
00:05:38for the purpose,
00:05:40a commitment to principles.
00:05:44His mother would have instilled it in him.
00:05:48the importance and the importance
00:05:50of being a Catholic.
00:05:52Even with African standards,
00:05:54He was a very poor family.
00:05:56extremely very poor.
00:06:00He was somewhat of a student.
00:06:04He couldn't form
00:06:06a friendship with Mugabe.
00:06:09That guy, you know,
00:06:10He is so forgiven by his father.
00:06:12He never forgave his father.
00:06:15for knocking down her mother,
00:06:17leaving them
00:06:19put the missionaries there.
00:06:22He was very strong.
00:06:23He was very strong.
00:06:24He was very strong.
00:06:25that's why.
00:06:26He was very strong.
00:06:27through influence
00:06:28of these marvels
00:06:29Jesuits.
00:06:30Jesuit education
00:06:32it was the basis
00:06:34of his character,
00:06:35in the sense
00:06:36which he could not tolerate
00:06:38injustices
00:06:39of any kind.
00:06:41And this critic
00:06:43for men
00:06:45were formed
00:06:47there.
00:06:48Because, with this type
00:06:49of greatness,
00:06:50the system
00:06:52established
00:06:53through colonialism
00:06:55It was the negation.
00:06:56the right
00:06:57from the African
00:06:58of the people.
00:06:59Armed with a degree
00:07:00in economics,
00:07:01John Robert
00:07:02did a job
00:07:03in Ghana in 1957.
00:07:04And when Ghana
00:07:05gained its independence
00:07:06from Brazil
00:07:07next year,
00:07:08He made a great impression.
00:07:09From me.
00:07:16Oh, there's no doubt about it.
00:07:17that he was
00:07:18for the moment
00:07:19that he was
00:07:20for the moment
00:07:21and he was
00:07:22immediately
00:07:23under the influence
00:07:24by Dr. Krumar.
00:07:26Yes, today
00:07:27this parliament
00:07:28was subject
00:07:29of parliament
00:07:30from Brito.
00:07:31Today,
00:07:32its members
00:07:33They win the reading
00:07:34For the people of Ghana only.
00:07:35Like this,
00:07:36with dignity
00:07:37and honor,
00:07:38100 years
00:07:39occupation
00:07:40colonial and
00:07:41colonialism.
00:07:43Ghana,
00:07:44the country
00:07:45is free
00:07:46forever.
00:07:52and,
00:07:53in 1961,
00:07:54Robert Mugabe
00:07:55married Ganaean
00:07:56Sali Heifron.
00:07:57Intelligent
00:07:58and politically
00:07:59cunning,
00:08:00she was
00:08:01the great
00:08:02support
00:08:03for him.
00:08:04from the
00:08:06THE
00:08:07from the
00:08:08South
00:08:08Quality
00:08:09of
00:08:10the
00:08:11Born
00:08:13Brazil
00:08:14node
00:08:15apes
00:08:16Zone
00:08:17apes
00:08:17node
00:08:18apes
00:08:18Zone
00:08:19the
00:08:20Zimbabwe
00:08:21african
00:08:23and
00:08:23for the
00:08:24mo�
00:08:25apes
00:08:26of
00:08:27Ganaean
00:08:28apes
00:08:29of
00:08:30Born
00:08:31good
00:08:32a reporter majority rule.
00:09:02THE CITY IN BRAZIL
00:09:32THE CITY IN BRAZIL
00:10:02THE CITY IN BRAZIL
00:10:04The leader of ZAPU, Joshua Nkomo, came from the Ndebele-speaking west of the country.
00:10:10Mishona land lies to the east, a mainly Shona-speaking faction split from ZAPU to form ZANU, the Zimbabwe African National Union.
00:10:17We wanted Mugabe with us in ZANU, away from the rest of the group.
00:10:22So we kept agitating, you know, we of the lower ranks.
00:10:29No, to these more senior ones, no, please get Mugabe to come along, to come along to form the new party with us.
00:10:37This is my happiest day.
00:10:38This man, this man here, who was stuck within Komo for all these years, right, has finally seen the light and has joined us.
00:10:48It's my happiest day.
00:10:49ZANU and ZAPU were bitter rivals.
00:10:53This was to blight politics for decades.
00:10:55But both supported majority rule.
00:10:58Right-wing whites were dead set against it.
00:11:01In 1964, they backed hardline conservative farmer Ian Smith as prime minister.
00:11:07In the ensuing government crackdown, Smith jailed Mugabe and many of the nationalist leaders without trial.
00:11:15Mugabe was to spend 11 long years in detention.
00:11:19We set up a school there at Skombella.
00:11:24Among us were people educated enough to be teachers, so we were teaching village children at that school.
00:11:32And the headmaster of that school was Robert Mugabe, right?
00:11:37When his own son, with Sally, died, he was not allowed to bury that child.
00:11:45You know, that, again, master had a tremendous effect on his psyche.
00:11:52Black political aspirations were modest.
00:11:55They wanted a simple political right.
00:11:57As conflict escalated, Britain pushed harder for black majority rule.
00:12:00But right-wing Rhodesians absolutely refused to share their power and wealth with black Africans.
00:12:07Many nearby countries were now majority ruled.
00:12:10Harold Wilson tried to broker an agreement, but Smith turned his country away from British rule
00:12:15in a unilateral declaration of independence, or UDI.
00:12:18We, the government of Rhodesia, do, by this proclamation, adopt, enact, and give to the people of Rhodesia the constitution annexed here too.
00:12:31God save the queen.
00:12:33Smith was the leader of a colonial government, of a white minority supremacist government.
00:12:40There was no democracy in that only whites and a limited number of blacks were allowed to vote.
00:12:48Not in a thousand years, I repeat, I believe in black and whites working together.
00:12:55If one day it's white, and the next day it is black, I believe we will have failed, and I think it will be a disaster for Rhodesia.
00:13:04The Prime Minister's broadcast will be repeated at the following time...
00:13:07The use of an ideology, in the case of Smith, it was like Western Christian ideology against communism.
00:13:14The use of a threat, Smith used communism, Mugabe uses Western imperialism to justify whatever actions they take.
00:13:25Backed by the Soviet Union, Joshua Nkomo's Zappu assembled guerrilla forces in neighboring Zambia.
00:13:32Zanu forces, based in Mozambique, were trained by the Chinese.
00:13:37White Rhodesians are told that we are fighting communism because the black parties are armed and equipped by communist countries and have communist equipment.
00:13:47This is true, they have, but what white Rhodesians don't see is that we ourselves don't produce a single round of ammunition,
00:13:55and that we are armed and equipped entirely by a foreign power as well.
00:13:58The foreign power was South Africa, hoping to stop black majority rule.
00:14:03But as the war heightened, they feared it would spread to them.
00:14:07Trying to nip communist revolution in the bud, they made Smith release nationalist leaders for negotiations.
00:14:13Mugabe was not interested in negotiation, with Tekere he fled to join Zanu in Mozambique.
00:14:23After a tough struggle, Mugabe rose to become party chairman.
00:14:28Zanu's ideology was revolutionary and socialist, but traveling the world to raise support, Mugabe changed his rhetoric.
00:14:48We are fighting for democracy.
00:14:49We would like to see a democratic state established in Zimbabwe, and this means a state based on the wishes of the majority of the people.
00:14:59The best way in which people can demonstrate their participation in democracy is by voting, and elections are quite a necessity.
00:15:12We articulated our struggle as a struggle for freedom, democracy, social justice, peace, and human dignity.
00:15:23We'll leave them north of the dhaz and easy to let rivers running dry.
00:15:28The struggle became full-scale war.
00:15:30My land will prosper for, all Rhodesians never die.
00:15:33Where Rhodesians had technology, guerrillas infiltrated peasant villages and fought back.
00:15:39While Rhodesians ruled the skies, Zanu and Zapu controlled more and more ground.
00:16:06Rhodesians bombed their base camps.
00:16:22The casualties were horrendous.
00:16:29But the body count was mounting for the white minority too.
00:16:34The death toll became too high.
00:16:39They were finally ready to talk.
00:16:41The aim is to bring Rhodesia to legal independence on a basis which the Commonwealth and the international
00:16:53community as a whole will find acceptable.
00:16:59At the Commonwealth Conference in Zambia, President Kaunda waltzed Thatcher into an agreement.
00:17:04The British government was wholly committed to genuine black majority rule in Rhodesia.
00:17:17Negotiations opened at Lancaster House.
00:17:19Mugabe and Nkomo temporarily presented to united front.
00:17:25But when Britain insisted the constitution protect private land rights, Mugabe walked out.
00:17:30Only when Samora Michelle threatened to close his bases did he return.
00:17:36A constitution was agreed upon.
00:17:38Britain would look for funds to buy white land for black farmers.
00:17:41This would later cause conflict, but for now the three warring armies signed a ceasefire.
00:17:48The war is now over.
00:17:53The war was now over.
00:17:54Peace was fragile.
00:17:57Peace was fragile.
00:18:05Long live! Long live! Long live! Long live! Long live!
00:18:35Hurray! Hurray!
00:19:05I don't mind what it's called because it's such a damn good place. So I say to you, Pemberi, Nezimbabwe.
00:19:13In the first democratic election in the history of Zimbabwe, Mugabe insisted Zanu campaign separately
00:19:19From Zaku, but one thing was certain: one man, one vote means the end of white rule.
00:19:37One of the three sides was determined to win.
00:19:49168,900...
00:19:53Ladies and gentlemen,
00:19:55for my party,
00:19:59for the Patriotic Front as a whole,
00:20:01This is a great moment.
00:20:03It's a moment of our victory.
00:20:06the culmination of our national struggle.
00:20:11In 1980, the British colony of Rhodesia
00:20:14became the independent state of Zimbabwe,
00:20:17and the man who took over the reigns of power
00:20:19It was Robert Mugabe.
00:20:29Robert, Gabriel Mugabe,
00:20:32Prime Minister of Zimbabwe.
00:20:36I, Robert, Gabriel Mugabe,
00:20:40do swear that I will well and truly serve Zimbabwe
00:20:44in the office of Minister of the Government.
00:20:48So healthy, God.
00:20:52Samora Mashao,
00:20:54say to Robert Mugabe,
00:20:56you have the jewel of Africa in your hands.
00:21:00Don't smash it.
00:21:02President Robert Mugabe was my hero.
00:21:04My mother belonged to Zanupia, to Zappu,
00:21:09and I was not so much into Zappu,
00:21:13and I used to argue with my mother
00:21:15as to why she's supporting Joshua Nkoma,
00:21:20and why we should be supporting Joshua Nkoma,
00:21:22because I was so impressed by Robert Mugabe.
00:21:25He was an articulate, educated man,
00:21:28a man that made me proud to be Zimbabwean.
00:21:31I received a telegram from him as Prime Minister,
00:21:35and the telegram spoke in very glowing terms
00:21:40about the future he saw for all Zimbabweans.
00:21:44He spoke of democracy and peace,
00:21:48and ironically, he concluded quoting Roosevelt.
00:21:51He said,
00:21:52upon returning to Zimbabwe,
00:21:54you have nothing to fear but fear yourself.
00:21:58And I just thought that this was a great man.
00:22:02It's a difficult exercise.
00:22:04extremely difficult when you are building socialism
00:22:07against a background,
00:22:10formidable background of capitalism.
00:22:14You have to try and transform the Ian Smiths
00:22:18into being socialists.
00:22:21He tells me he's a socialist already.
00:22:24We just had the end of the war.
00:22:28In traditional African beliefs,
00:22:30they say that the rain comes to wash away the footsteps,
00:22:34to wash away the blood,
00:22:35to wash away the skeletons.
00:22:38All the bad things of the war were cleaned out.
00:22:43Mugabe healed the wounds of war
00:22:44with a government of national unity.
00:22:46Joshua Nkoma was Minister of Home Affairs,
00:22:49and a white farmer, Dennis Norman,
00:22:51became Minister of Agriculture.
00:22:53When I may describe the first covenant meeting,
00:22:56I think everyone was a little apprehensive.
00:22:58It was new.
00:23:00Nobody had ever served in a cabinet in their lives.
00:23:03When it came to the end,
00:23:06We sort of got up to leave.
00:23:08Then Mugabe said,
00:23:09oh, there's just one point I'd like to make.
00:23:12Because, although it was a cabinet meeting,
00:23:15There was a variety of dresses.
00:23:18from Hawaiian shirts to marcitung tunics to,
00:23:24Well, nobody quite in shorts.
00:23:25but it was a mixture of clothing and apparel.
00:23:29And Mugabe said,
00:23:31I'd just like to say that
00:23:33if you wish to remain cabinet ministers,
00:23:36I expect you to dress as cabinet ministers.
00:23:38I never saw anyone in any meeting
00:23:41other than in a suit from that day forward.
00:23:44You know, we can never have peace in the country
00:23:48unless the peasant population
00:23:51is satisfied in regard to land.
00:23:58At the moment, there is that grief.
00:24:03It's not deep-seated yet.
00:24:05because there is hope
00:24:05that government is going to get more land.
00:24:09And I do hope that those of you
00:24:11with land to spare
00:24:14can allocate it to the state.
00:24:16We are not seizing it.
00:24:18We are buying it from you.
00:24:20and we would want you to
00:24:22be understanding on that subject.
00:24:26And here is an example of a farm
00:24:27in some 5,000 acres in extent,
00:24:30of which 4,000 acres are under crops
00:24:32of different types.
00:24:33The owner of the farm...
00:24:35Since the British arrived in 1888,
00:24:38a handful of settlers had occupied
00:24:39over half the arable land.
00:24:43They took over the country
00:24:44and ruled over the peasant farmers,
00:24:46many of whom they drafted in as cheap labor.
00:24:48Sometimes they have to be taught
00:24:51the most rudimentary mechanical movements.
00:24:55But they progress rapidly
00:24:56to more complicated industrial tasks.
00:25:00Independence brought great changes.
00:25:02Zimbabwe focused on developing peasant farming
00:25:05and on land redistribution
00:25:06with funds from the Lancaster House Agreement.
00:25:09Three million hectares bought from white farmers
00:25:11were given to blacks
00:25:12in one of Africa's most successful resettlement schemes.
00:25:15We became the bread basket
00:25:17of the region.
00:25:19Precisely because of the policies
00:25:20of President Robert McGabe.
00:25:22I don't know whether Zimbabweans remember
00:25:24the so-called agricultural extension offices
00:25:28or agritechs,
00:25:30the people who went into the rural areas
00:25:32to help poor rural small producers
00:25:35to produce things like maize,
00:25:38things like cotton, ground nuts
00:25:39and that kind of stuff.
00:25:40I mean, it was all there
00:25:43in 1980, 1981, 1982.
00:25:45I don't know if you can tell
00:25:47I just said they do
00:25:48This is not natural.
00:25:48I made this decision
00:25:49there.
00:25:49Can you tell me?
00:25:50that but you will have to still
00:25:51I have to turn
00:25:52on your.'
00:25:53One amazing job
00:25:54I want to do
00:25:54That's not natural.
00:25:55We have to be able to do
00:25:56what can happen.
00:25:57I want to do
00:25:57you know
00:25:57It's not important.
00:25:58I don't go to
00:25:58that.
00:25:59I want to do
00:25:59that I want to do
00:26:00that.
00:26:00Oh, no.
00:26:01At Independence, the communal farmers or the rural farmers marketed not more than 25% of commercial production.
00:26:13By the end of 1986, 65% of all commercially marketed maize was coming from the communal areas.
00:26:2270% of all commercially marketed cotton was coming from the communal areas.
00:26:26And about 30-35% of marketed beef was coming from the communal areas.
00:26:42Prime Minister Mugabe, presumably as an educationist himself, had this profound belief in education.
00:26:51He would always say, all our people must gain an education.
00:26:57So, government committed itself to supporting a free education policy, a free health policy.
00:27:07I am what I am today because of the education policies of President Robert Mugabe and many more.
00:27:12The people that you're talking about when we started this interview, who are now abroad, educated in Zimbabwe.
00:27:19The health facilities in Zimbabwe, doctors and nurses, you know, the police force and that kind of stuff.
00:27:24Already, remarkable things were happening.
00:27:27He was addressing, he and his government, of course, were addressing the people in the periphery.
00:27:33Who had never been attended to before, who didn't have schools and clinics and so on.
00:27:37That's where he went, to the periphery.
00:27:39Right on the Mozambique border, he put up a clinic.
00:27:43Schools, the place was growing already in 1982.
00:27:46It was only a year, a year and a half after independence.
00:27:49The peace was rudely shattered when South Africa blew up Zimbabwe's future.
00:28:19It was actually weak.
00:28:20But the wind was around, and it didn't work.
00:28:21And the people in the back of South Africa in Asia would remove her fuel supplies.
00:28:25Terrified that black majority rule would spread to her, South Africa began destabilizing all her neighbors.
00:28:30In political terms, the South African strategy must present the image of this region.
00:28:42like a chronic instability and tremor within our states.
00:28:51In the economic field, we pay a lot, and we pay a lot for destabilization.
00:29:00Zimbabwe's export links through Mozambique were destroyed by a South African-founded rebel army, Mugabe sent in troops.
00:29:26The high cost of defense drained the economy, but that didn't stop the program of development.
00:29:31Mugabe's determined defiance of South Africa and apartheid paid off.
00:29:48He was elected chairman of the International Non-Aligned Movement, a position of enormous prestige amongst developing nations.
00:29:55What is needed now is action.
00:30:04I earnestly urge members of this movement should agree to adopt and implement for a start the voluntary selective sanctions against South Africa outlined in the declarations adopted in Paris and Vienna.
00:30:20Mugabe was also fated by the West, drank tea with the Queen of England and was eventually knighted.
00:30:27He was this Marxist terrorist who actually transmogrified into a very English kind of leader, very respectable and quite conservative.
00:30:39Mugabe is what we call a Western-oriented gentleman.
00:30:52The man is immaculate in his dressing.
00:30:56He is British virtually in his table manners and, you know, decor, etiquette, the lot.
00:31:05But this is the same man who hates Britain with a passion.
00:31:12This is the same man also who loves music by Cliff Richard.
00:31:19He is in fact, you know, the character of, you know, self-contradictions.
00:31:26He is the most charming of men on a one-to-one basis, absolutely charming, very personal, very friendly and that kind of stuff.
00:31:36To the extent that after my meetings with people, I have always said, I believe that somebody is keeping the president completely out of touch with what is happening.
00:31:46Because I don't believe that the men that I've just met, the men who are so warm, so charming, can do the kind of things that people say he's done.
00:31:53Everyone was very happy about the 1980s situation, quite excited.
00:31:58I think the hopes were very high.
00:32:00And I think President Mugabe, then Prime Minister, was very highly regarded.
00:32:04I think he was respected by everyone.
00:32:07And all our hopes were in his leadership to get the country to a better country.
00:32:14In the 1980s, it was very easy to see in all other parts of the country other than Matabililand, that wonderful things were taking place.
00:32:28Matabililand was the heartland of Zapu and Joshua Nkomo.
00:32:32When arms caches were unearthed on a Zapu property, the old rivalry was reignited.
00:32:38Mugabe pointed his finger at the Minister of Home Affairs.
00:32:43The dissidents bear all the time as they operate. They are very frank, very bold.
00:32:53They are operating in the name of Father of Zimbabwe, Dr. Joshua Nkomo.
00:33:01He then is the father of dissidents. And so, what am I to say?
00:33:06Mugabe dismissed Nkomo from government.
00:33:09I've never done anything wrong and Robert knows it.
00:33:13I told you this is for personal power. Let him stand up and deny it.
00:33:17Mugabe then mobilized his strongest force. The 5th Brigade was a lethal Korean-trained special unit answerable directly to him.
00:33:33I would like to pay tribute to our comrades in arms, the instructors from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
00:33:43Mugabe! Mugabe! Mugabe! Mugabe!
00:33:47On the 26th or so of January, the following year, the 5th Brigade went into Matabeleland.
00:33:52And the first onslaught was indescribably violent.
00:33:58The Matabeleland massacres were really aimed at the population in general to crush Zapo.
00:34:20That was the first sign that things were going wrong.
00:34:23A number of people were pushed into a hut and the hut was set on fire and the people inside it were burnt.
00:34:48There was one survivor.
00:34:50OUTIMAS SHINNAND
00:34:50OUTIMAS SHINNAND
00:34:52OUTIMAS SHINNAND
00:34:53TURHEK
00:34:59I question the integrity of a president of a country who stands up in full view of everybody,
00:35:14and condones violence.
00:35:21No, perhaps, euphemistically or in a roundabout way,
00:35:27but they directly affect those who oppose them with death.
00:35:33And a few days ago, people were killed.
00:35:36Even if there are real incidents, I can't agree that they are taking it too far.
00:35:44Dissenting activity will be eliminated, I can tell you that.
00:35:47We dealt with the blouse by the blouse, but we're going to destroy them now.
00:35:54And we will destroy them.
00:35:55One of the songs,
00:36:23So, we sang these songs repeatedly,
00:36:34Dancing, the people who were defeated,
00:36:37people who didn't know,
00:36:38Sometimes, they were closed off to do that.
00:36:42One by one.
00:36:43In other words, they could be excited.
00:36:45for mining,
00:36:47Or they could be filmed using pistols.
00:36:53They told all the stories.
00:36:57about atrocities
00:37:00perpetrated by the 5th Brigade,
00:37:04But they said to prove them.
00:37:07Sure, maybe it was just one or two incidents.
00:37:09But where you have operations,
00:37:12you will have one or two incidents,
00:37:15but not the serious masses they spoke of.
00:37:18Where are they?
00:37:19You travel the entire length and breadth of Matberlak,
00:37:22And you won't find a small masquerade.
00:37:29So, are the hands closed?
00:37:31Yes.
00:37:32Tied with the rope.
00:37:38These are two hands, you see?
00:37:39This was absolutely vital.
00:37:41In my view,
00:37:42for the well-being of Matabililand,
00:37:44for well-being, then,
00:37:45for the well-being of the city,
00:37:47that the truth was told.
00:37:49And that.
00:37:50And that.
00:37:51Breaking the Silence.
00:37:52In March 1997,
00:37:54we released the human rights report,
00:37:57Breaking the Silence.
00:37:59And it is atrocious in what it reports.
00:38:03I think Mugabe has always been a master at propaganda.
00:38:05He has been a master at spin.
00:38:06And so, that spin,
00:38:07that this is the anti-apari,
00:38:08that this is the anti-apari.
00:38:09I think Mugabe has always been a master at propaganda.
00:38:13and so that spin,
00:38:16that this is the struggle against apartheid,
00:38:18It actually worked.
00:38:19And certainly the whole of Africa ignored
00:38:21Gobe and ignored Gobeeng.
00:38:23I think the influence,
00:38:24that this is the anti-apari.
00:38:26I think Mugabe has always been a master at propaganda.
00:38:29And so, that spin,
00:38:30that this is the anti-apartheid.
00:38:32That is the struggle against apartheid.
00:38:33It actually worked.
00:38:34And certainly the whole of Africa ignored Gobeeng.
00:38:36This is the struggle against apartheid, actually worked.
00:38:41And certainly the whole of Africa ignored Kukurahundi.
00:38:44The British ignored it.
00:38:47Mugabe forced his rival, Joshua Nkomo, to unite with him.
00:38:51The new party was called Zanu Patriotic Front, or Zanu PF.
00:38:55The political tensions have eased.
00:38:57There were negotiations, which ultimately led to Zappu being swallowed up by Zanu PF
00:39:04in terms of the Unity Accord, which was signed on the 22nd of December, 1987.
00:39:13Our unity is so vital, it is so important for the development of this country.
00:39:21There must be no deceit.
00:39:25We must not deceive each other.
00:39:28We must mean what we say.
00:39:30We must do what we say.
00:39:32We must do what we say.
00:39:34Having swallowed Zappu, Mugabe changed the constitution.
00:39:47He became executive president and the head of the armed forces.
00:39:50Now he tasted real power.
00:39:53But new opposition appeared, accusing the cabinet of corruption.
00:39:57Popular singer Thomas Mopfumo denounced corruption in song, but his music was banned from being broadcast.
00:40:05The next challenge came from one of Mugabe's oldest comrades.
00:40:27Edgar Tekere decided to run against Mugabe and Zanu in the upcoming presidential elections.
00:40:33When we came from the Bush, we did not bring in our manifesto that vote us in so we can establish a one-party state.
00:40:41People who have left the party can come back to it.
00:40:44The door is very wide open, but they must be prepared to conform.
00:40:49To rob the Zimbabwean of his right, to make his choice freely, and to interfere with that, is to ask for a tragic downfall.
00:41:00Mugabe used television to fight back.
00:41:06This is one way to die.
00:41:09Another option is to vote on Zoom.
00:41:11Don't commit suicide.
00:41:13Don't be foolish.
00:41:15Vote Zanupiev and live.
00:41:18Mugabe won and died lost.
00:41:20The economy was weakened by the high costs of development and fighting apartheid.
00:41:46Zimbabwe was desperate for investment.
00:41:48The collapse of international socialism, that was a major disappointment for Robert Mugabe
00:41:54because he has openly stated that he is an avowed socialist.
00:42:02And so when international socialism collapsed, there was only one route left, and that was capitalism.
00:42:09And so capitalism could only be followed then by appealing to the Bretton Woods institutions,
00:42:15the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, for support, for financial support.
00:42:22Subsidies were literally removed from basic commodities, making things extremely expensive for each and every person.
00:42:32In fact, unemployment increased because then what ASAP required was that it had to, it required a lean, thin employment capacity,
00:42:52especially in the public sector, so there was a lot of retrenchments, so thereby increasing the unemployment rate in Zimbabwe.
00:43:02Times were hard.
00:43:06A devastating drought in 1992 hit peasant farmers badly, and the yield from commercial crops was down too.
00:43:13In the same year, Sally Mugabe died.
00:43:19His first wife, there's no doubt about it, she was a very strong personality.
00:43:35She was more politically aware, and she exercised a very great influence on him.
00:43:45If he said or said something that she didn't agree with, I think she told him in uncertain terms, no, that was wrong.
00:43:53At the age of 72, the president shocked the nation by marrying his secretary, Grace Marufu.
00:43:59The couple already had two children.
00:44:01Among the loudest cheers of the day were for President Mandela.
00:44:06Sitting next to him at the reception was Grasser Michel.
00:44:09Nelson Mandela, bigger than life, amazing, amazing charisma.
00:44:16It meant that President Robert Mugabe wished he was, but he wasn't.
00:44:20Land redistribution, which had started in the early 80s, had stopped dead.
00:44:24Though Mugabe had amended the constitution to allow greater powers of land designation,
00:44:29it seemed to many as if the government had forgotten about the landless rural majority.
00:44:35White farmers still owned most of the best land,
00:44:39and Zimbabwe's highest revenues came from their large commercial tobacco farms.
00:44:44White farmers grew rich.
00:44:45In the cities, too, the lavish lifestyle of the emerging elite was a source of resentment to many.
00:44:57While a new class of capitalists feasted, landless peasants tried invading one or two commercial farms,
00:45:03but they were driven off by the police.
00:45:05Then, veterans from Zimbabwe's War of Liberation discovered that members of Mugabe's Politburo
00:45:12had been looting the war veterans' compensation fund.
00:45:16They were a poor but militant group who could control the rural areas
00:45:19where the majority of voters worked as peasant farmers.
00:45:22They had the ability to make or break Mugabe's power base.
00:45:26The demands for compensations and for pensions, basically those were the demands.
00:45:32And for such welfare issues as education and health and so forth,
00:45:39Those were the demands, basically.
00:45:41Of course, Mugabe actually was surprised.
00:45:45This was a big shock to him.
00:45:50Fearing a loss of power, Mugabe gave in.
00:45:53He paid out millions of dollars, which the economy was not generating.
00:45:58The $2,000 a month pension to war veterans
00:46:05and $50,000 handout was completely unbudgeted, completely.
00:46:11And certainly no discussion in Parliament.
00:46:15So all of these things indicated to the world, certainly,
00:46:18and to those of us who were thinking about it and who were involved there,
00:46:21that he was on the wrong track,
00:46:27that he had lost his, if he ever had any, he had lost his principles.
00:46:32And now he was looking after himself.
00:46:35Land must be redistributed equitably.
00:46:39But the British have been fighting us,
00:46:42fighting the head of state, Comrade Mugabe.
00:46:45They don't want to understand that the Zimbabweans are in Zimbabwe.
00:46:50What Comrade Mugabe is saying and what the peoples of Zimbabwe are saying
00:46:55is that land must go back to the peoples of Zimbabwe.
00:46:57With war veterans pressing, Mugabe needed to revive land reform.
00:47:09He reminded the British government of its promises to find funds to pay for it.
00:47:13The Blair government came in and the then Minister of Lands and Agriculture,
00:47:18Comrade Kankai, wrote and reminded them of the agreement that was signed at Lancaster House.
00:47:26And they were looking forward to, I suppose, another installment so they could purchase more land.
00:47:33Tony Blair refused, saying his government had no link to colonial interests
00:47:38and no responsibility to meet costs of land purchase.
00:47:43Blair finally did offer support, but with stringent conditions.
00:47:48Mugabe was praised.
00:47:50He saw conditions as an imperialist interference in Zimbabwe's affairs.
00:47:54From that moment, Mugabe characterized Blair as public enemy number one
00:47:59and himself as the African leader to stand up against imperialism.
00:48:03More than ever, his actions were now dictated by a total determination to stay in power.
00:48:10This pushed him to rely once again on military force, veterans from the War of Liberation.
00:48:17Mugabe was the man of the moment until Mandela arrived.
00:48:24Sometimes I think some of the most obvious tragedies of Zimbabwe
00:48:31could have been out of a reckless attempt to reinvent himself.
00:48:40When the Democratic Republic of Congo asked for military help to resist invasion,
00:48:45Mugabe had the opportunity to show his prowess.
00:48:48He led the way.
00:48:48He quickly deployed the Zimbabwe military with huge costs,
00:48:53which costs Zimbabwe, up until now, has not yet recovered from.
00:48:58But it kept the top-level military happy.
00:49:01Congo afforded rich pickings.
00:49:04So it was an ego trip that cost the nation a huge amount of money.
00:49:10The cost of the war decimated an already weak economy.
00:49:15Inflation spiraled, protesters took to the streets.
00:49:19Trade unions, students, religious and human rights groups
00:49:22formed the National Constitutional Assembly.
00:49:25A new constitution was essential to vote Mugabe out of power.
00:49:29At the time, we wanted to create a really genuine process of reforming the constitution of the country
00:49:52with a view to providing a platform for activism of the next generation.
00:49:58In a year, we had quite, you know, massive meetings, massive protest actions demanding constitutional reform.
00:50:19Police were deployed against civilian protesters in an orgy of violence.
00:50:34The new political party was formed.
00:50:54Morgan Changirai was elected leader.
00:50:56It was called the Movement for Democratic Change.
00:51:12The people who went to the MDC came from that movement of the NCA and the trade unions.
00:51:18And Changirai, being the Secretary General of the ZCTU, the trade unions, represented more the trade union component.
00:51:25A referendum on a new constitution was the only way to unseat the president.
00:51:32The government quickly reacted by wanting to hijack it, by saying, OK, fine, we can reform the constitution.
00:51:37The government quickly reacted by wanting to hijack it, by saying, OK, fine, we can reform the constitution.
00:51:39But it is not you people who do it, these activists in the NCA and others.
00:51:42We would set up our own community.
00:51:44The government quickly reacted by wanting to hijack it, by saying, OK, fine, we can reform the constitution.
00:51:46But it is not you people who do it, these activists in the NCA and others.
00:51:52We would set up our own commission, which they did in 1999.
00:51:53That commission was to go around and do hearings.
00:51:54It was designed to hijack the process.
00:51:55My opinion is that the people are going to vote, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes.
00:51:56The government quickly reacted by wanting to hijack it, by saying, OK, fine, we can reform the constitution.
00:52:02But it is not you people who do it, these activists in the NCA and others.
00:52:07We would set up our own commission, which they did in 1999.
00:52:11That commission was to go around and do hearings.
00:52:14It was designed to hijack the process.
00:52:17My opinion is that the people are going to vote, yes, by and large, and that they will support, therefore, the draft constitution as presented them.
00:52:31An executive president with a prime minister who also shares executive powers, but appointed by the president.
00:52:39Zainu had canvassed for a yes to Mugabe's new constitution, while the opposition had mounted a vigorous campaign for a no.
00:52:46Well, let me go and vote.
00:52:47And then afterwards.
00:52:48Yes, I'll talk to you afterwards.
00:52:49Thank you.
00:52:50This morning, the registrar general brought me the final copy of the results.
00:53:05Of over one million Zimbabweans who participated in the process, the majority of them voted against the draft constitutional document.
00:53:18Government accepts the result and respects the will of the people as expressed through these results.
00:53:28President Obama Mugabe didn't have any new ideas to sell to the people, and he then jumped on the bandwagon of land to the people as a mantra coming from the war veterans.
00:53:41This threat of loss of power then became the fast track land reform program.
00:53:54A few weeks after losing the referendum, Mugabe launched the farm invasions.
00:54:06So we are taking back the land so nicely, no problem peacefully.
00:54:26It's not the land that was the problem.
00:54:31It's the fact that the white commercial farmers, together with their workers, close to over half a million of them, were seen as the backbone of MDC support.
00:54:43They had to be punished for writing checks to MDC.
00:54:48Their workers had to be punished for voting against the constitutional referendum that President Obama Mugabe wanted.
00:54:58Mugabe wanted in the
00:55:08Mugabe wanted like this or not to play a fight.
00:55:12With AKs and when we were trying to leave, they fired five shots.
00:55:18They fired five shots, and this guy got hit here in the leg.
00:55:22Yes, yes, yes, yes.
00:55:29When war veterans
00:55:32they became again
00:55:33and when they forced the farms
00:55:38I said no to the police officer.
00:55:40They do not fall down from what we do.
00:55:44The police were
00:55:45heavily involved in transporting
00:55:49the farms of hunger of hunger.
00:55:52Amu-Kamabwe!
00:55:53Your!
00:55:53Amu-Kamabwe!
00:55:54Your!
00:55:55Amu-Kamabwe!
00:55:56Your!
00:55:57Amu-Kamabwe!
00:55:58Your!
00:55:59Your!
00:55:59Your!
00:56:00Your!
00:56:00Your!
00:56:01The state was enduring invasions.
00:56:1846 years old, we're running.
00:56:20We're running now.
00:56:22We're running now.
00:56:24Everything you see has been done.
00:56:27We became new again.
00:56:30And we're not getting a sentence for that.
00:56:33Nothing, nothing.
00:56:36It's not the one who gets desperate who...
00:56:42I'm not going to share the blame for this.
00:56:50Because of the nature of Rhodesian Ridgebacks...
00:56:56...who remained racist...
00:57:00...who remained understanding...
00:57:04...not accepting the hand of friendship...
00:57:08...that we gave ourselves to them.
00:57:10And the truth must also be told...
00:57:12...there are many black people...
00:57:14...who are being stabbed in the back by these bosses.
00:57:18So, it's important to realize that...
00:57:20...no, it's not just the commercials...
00:57:22...hands sufficient...
00:57:24...many people who lost...
00:57:26...hand of ZANU-PF.
00:57:28Most of those who...
00:57:30...hands are black...
00:57:32...it's not just men who handle this...
00:57:34...it's not just men...
00:57:36...hands are support for Mugabe's ZANU-PF.
00:57:38Most of them are...
00:57:40...politicians...
00:57:42...behold...
00:57:44...these are civil servants...
00:57:46...here are some examples...
00:57:48...bees and women...
00:57:50...hand supporting ZANU-PF.
00:57:52...they are not members of ZANU-PF...
00:57:54...hands were not restored.
00:58:00War veterans...
00:58:01...bullied independent judges...
00:58:02...into resigning.
00:58:04The president...
00:58:05...appointed ZANU-aligned judges...
00:58:06...to replace them.
00:58:07...Laws were passed...
00:58:08...to stifle opposition...
00:58:09...and silence the media.
00:58:11I think between Smith and Mugabe...
00:58:16...there's a continuity...
00:58:18...because you have a state apparatus...
00:58:20...which was inherited by Mugabe...
00:58:23...and things were maintained...
00:58:25...the state of emergency for one...
00:58:27...was maintained...
00:58:28...and many of the laws...
00:58:30...the laws around the media...
00:58:31...the repressive use of state machinery...
00:58:34...and Mugabe has maintained that...
00:58:36...and he has in many ways...
00:58:38...actually developed it.
00:58:41...the Losers Club...
00:58:46...we can defeat them...
00:58:47...one and all.
00:58:50I know you believe...
00:58:51...and I believe...
00:58:52...but comrade Robert Mugabe...
00:58:53...for president...
00:58:54...on June 27, 2008...
00:58:55...all good things...
00:58:56...are possible.
00:58:57ZANU-PF...
00:58:58...has run a propaganda machine...
00:58:59...which...
00:59:00...is a propaganda machine...
00:59:01...which...
00:59:02...is a propaganda machine...
00:59:04...which has been very efficient...
00:59:06...which demonizes anybody...
00:59:07...who dares to stand up...
00:59:09...and questions what ZANU-PF does.
00:59:10The Ministry of Information...
00:59:13...unleashed venom...
00:59:14...nightly on television...
00:59:16...Professor Jonathan Moyer.
00:59:28The Zimbabwean independent newspapers...
00:59:36...remain the only mass media...
00:59:38...allowing any freedom of speech.
00:59:40Mugabe meant to teach them...
00:59:42...a crushing lesson.
00:59:44On one occasion...
00:59:46...he said...
00:59:47...the Daily News...
00:59:48...has gone too far...
00:59:49...something will have to be...
00:59:50...done about it.
00:59:51This was on TV...
00:59:53...on a Friday night.
00:59:55On Sunday night...
00:59:57...the printing press...
00:59:59...of the Daily News...
01:00:00...was destroyed...
01:00:02...in a not-so-mysterious...
01:00:05...bomb explosion.
01:00:10Incredibly, the Daily News...
01:00:11...found another press...
01:00:12...and came out the next day...
01:00:13...featuring details...
01:00:14...of its own bombing.
01:00:20Mugabe then brought in new laws...
01:00:22...and finally closed the paper down.
01:00:24But the people of Zimbabwe...
01:00:26...continued to believe in democracy.
01:00:28In the towns...
01:00:29...they had high hopes of change...
01:00:31...in the upcoming presidential election.
01:00:33I want the parliament...
01:00:34...which has got a vibrant opposition.
01:00:36If it's MDZ...
01:00:37...that forms the government.
01:00:38So ZANU is the opposition.
01:00:40I want it to be vibrant.
01:00:42Let's go!
01:00:43Let's go!
01:00:44Thanks.
01:01:14A BABU!
01:01:16A BABU!
01:01:18A BABU!
01:01:20A BABU!
01:01:22A BABU!
01:01:24Doesn't matter what Blair does.
01:01:26He and his running dogs,
01:01:28the MDC do.
01:01:30Zimbabwe,
01:01:32Zimbabwe,
01:01:34Zimbabwe will never,
01:01:36will never,
01:01:38will never, never,
01:01:40never, never,
01:01:42baby,
01:01:44Be, Jingu,
01:01:46be, be a
01:01:48probably again.
01:01:52Zimbabwe will never be...
01:01:54I often wonder
01:01:56why
01:02:00President Mugabe's
01:02:02party
01:02:04does not seem to have faith
01:02:06in its own ability
01:02:08to win an election
01:02:10That is free and fair.
01:02:14If I ever have an opportunity
01:02:16to talk to President Mugabe,
01:02:18I'll put this question to him.
01:02:20Why does he not seem to have
01:02:22faith that he can win
01:02:24an election
01:02:26that is devoid of violence,
01:02:28in which
01:02:30his rivals
01:02:32can reach the people
01:02:34through the media freely?
01:02:36Freely?
01:02:38Why he assumes that if that happens
01:02:40Then he will lose?
01:02:42The run-up to the election was terrifying.
01:02:44In the rural areas,
01:02:46ZANU PF recruited unemployed youth
01:02:48to intimidate and brutalize
01:02:50the local population into voting for them.
01:02:52The run-up to the election was terrifying.
01:02:56The run-up to the election was terrifying.
01:02:58In the rural areas,
01:03:00ZANU PF recruited unemployed youth
01:03:02to intimidate and brutalize
01:03:04the local population into voting for them.
01:03:06The run-up to the election
01:03:08in the civil rights movement
01:03:10in the rural areas
01:03:12in the rural areas.
01:03:14I thought the
01:03:18police were so
01:03:19important,
01:03:20but they were so
01:03:21temporary.
01:03:21They were so
01:03:22Too late.
01:03:23They went to the
01:03:26town.
01:03:27Though the
01:03:29government
01:03:30was
01:03:31the
01:03:31busy
01:03:32day,
01:03:33the
01:03:35I don't know, but I don't know.
01:04:05There was an attempt to equate class violence between the two political parties.
01:04:13Furthermore, the violence we are experiencing in this country is terrorism against its own citizens.
01:04:22I am convinced that I could be completely wrong.
01:04:25If one was taken when Mugabe launched the 5th Brigade in Mantebelelanda,
01:04:33If the rest of the world, if the Zimbabweans, said that we shouldn't have this.
01:04:40and that anyone who excuses themselves from these activities should be taken to the book,
01:04:48I wondered a lot if we were talking about 29 people dying during that meeting.
01:04:54We are totally defensive.
01:04:56We know there's nothing we can do to protect ourselves.
01:04:59That's why we're here. We're displaced.
01:05:03Terrified opposition votes fled the rural areas,
01:05:07while in the urban areas every effort was made to hinder voting.
01:05:11Nothing is going to happen. We're not voting.
01:05:13They are trying to frustrate us.
01:05:15Yes, since 5 a.m.
01:05:17Since 5 a.m.
01:05:19Since 5 a.m.
01:05:20Since 5 a.m.
01:05:21Since 5 a.m.
01:05:22Since 5 a.m.
01:05:23They've been here since Wednesday until 7 AM.
01:05:25And they say they're not opening.
01:05:26I don't know what the problem is.
01:05:27They say they're not opening.
01:05:28I don't know what the problem is.
01:05:29They say it's been 7 hours and since 4 hours.
01:05:30They are opening.
01:05:31And what are they doing?
01:05:32They are opening.
01:05:34They are opening.
01:05:35They are opening.
01:05:36Nobody is opening.
01:05:37It's because they're not opening.
01:05:38They are in love.
01:05:39But they are now.
01:05:41They are opening.
01:05:42They are anxious.
01:05:43To ensure that we don't vote in two days.
01:05:45It's been two days.
01:05:47Look here.
01:05:49There's a police force that's beating people.
01:05:52And the people who are afraid of being beaten.
01:05:54I think the terror campaign has been the most important part.
01:05:57from Mugabe's leadership.
01:05:59The campaign of people who can masquerade
01:06:05as members of the community,
01:06:08or even members of the weapon.
01:06:10The campaign of terror has been ongoing.
01:06:13the feeling of impunity.
01:06:15You do everything, and nobody is responsible.
01:06:29In desperation, many turned to prayer.
01:06:32praying to God to save Zimbabwe.
01:06:43Official, Mugabe won the election.
01:06:47Farm invasions increased.
01:06:49The economy slumped.
01:06:51The fuel ran out.
01:06:53Mugabe simply printed more money.
01:06:55Greatness emerges in our struggle.
01:07:03Emerges, emanates from the sense of commitment,
01:07:09the sense of sacrifice,
01:07:11and the sense of guided revolutionary spirit.
01:07:17Mugabe punished the urban population for voting MDC
01:07:21with Operation Murambachina, meaning clean-up filter.
01:07:37Operation Clean Filth.
01:07:39Operation Clean Filth,
01:07:41that's another thing that has definitely
01:07:43the West has seen that and wondered why you did that.
01:07:47Blowing things out of proportion.
01:07:49Now, how many people were moved out of their homes,
01:07:53What is your estimate?
01:07:55Well, the numbers that Britain gave were exaggerated.
01:07:59We've heard 700,000 to 800,000.
01:08:01No, of course, no.
01:08:03That's absolute nonsense.
01:08:05I don't think the number was more than...
01:08:11I don't think it was more than 100,000, really.
01:08:17In fact, over 700,000 people were directly affected,
01:08:27and two and a half million were displaced.
01:08:33Murambachina.
01:08:35It was not even necessary to have that Murambachina.
01:08:38Of course, the government did explain on the fact that
01:08:42they wanted to clean up illegal structures.
01:08:47The reason for the Murambachina is purely a punishment
01:08:53of the urbanites for rejecting ZANU-PF during the election.
01:09:03I will be the Hitler of my time.
01:09:07I'm still the Hitler of the time.
01:09:17And it wasn't serious.
01:09:18They thought it would be that they were identified.
01:09:19Or no one of them, they gotta do...
01:09:20I will see your problems quickly.
01:09:21But Wenn has a..!
01:09:23You're serious.
01:09:24You're just the man, for sure.
01:09:25I'm the person who rides.
01:09:25I'm the one of them with theulinites.
01:09:27You're a journalist saying that.
01:09:28You're a psychopath.
01:09:30You're 82.
01:09:31You're a racist.
01:09:31You're tellement that you're evenaaaah.
01:09:32You'reane.
01:09:33I'm the male and X's koki.
01:09:36I am the man.
01:09:37I am the only brother.
01:09:38You're better.
01:09:39You'reizo.
01:09:40It's a ginger.
01:09:41Dr. Commerce.
01:09:42Fight for his body.
01:09:43That's a rewarding process.
01:09:44And the third place nigdy gave it to fast.
01:09:45Productions ceased, inflation hit global records, money was worthless and counted in gazillions.
01:09:58And still Mugabe printed more money.
01:10:01With the economy in meltdown, urban services collapsed. A killer epidemic of cholera followed.
01:10:16But the president continued to celebrate in style.
01:10:31Once a net exporter of maize, the country that defied imperialists, now relied on handouts from them.
01:10:49Food was given to those who voted ZANU-PF. For the rest, there was the black market.
01:10:55Protest was extremely dangerous, but the opposition persisted.
01:11:02Defenseless people.
01:11:05We don't recognize this illegitimate regime of Robert Mugabe. We're going to continue to defy them.
01:11:13We don't recognize POSA. We don't recognize Robert Mugabe.
01:11:16The struggle for our independence was so genuine. And it should be respected by every Zimbabwean.
01:11:23But to go and kill a person, to torture people, to arrest people unnecessarily, under the guise of the struggle.
01:11:35No, I don't think any person would ever accept that.
01:11:43The run-up to the 2008 election was a deadly battle.
01:11:47The politicians fear Mugabe. While the people fear the politicians, I think in a way, Mugabe fears the people.
01:12:15And the people were outraged at the dire state of the country.
01:12:22I want to thank the members of the M.G.C., the people of Zimbabwe, for showing such resilience against the brutalization, the traumatization, and the suffering of the people of Zimbabwe.
01:12:27I want to thank the members of the M.G.C., the people of Zimbabwe, for showing such resilience against the brutalization, the traumatization, and the suffering that we have experienced.
01:12:52Parliamentary results were quick.
01:12:55Parliamentary results were quick. The M.G.C. won by 110 seats to 99. But presidential results were inexplicably delayed.
01:13:05I'm calling on President Mugabe to begin a dialogue with me, to begin the process of peaceful and orderly democratic transition of government.
01:13:20The results were held back for over a month. Zimbabweans waited, desperate for change in leadership.
01:13:37Finally, it was announced. Changirai had won. 48% to Mugabe's 43. But Mugabe referred to a provision in the rewritten electoral laws.
01:13:50It was concluded that there was no winner. And that in accordance with our law, we should have the two parties with the highest votes going for a runoff.
01:14:13The stillness of the countryside was pierced by the misery of people, brutally punished for their failure to support Zanu PF.
01:14:22It was made by the
01:14:48THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:15:18THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:15:48THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:18THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:20THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:22THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:24THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:26THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:28THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:30THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:32THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:34THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:36THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:38THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:40THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:42THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:44THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:46THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:48THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:50THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:52THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:54THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:16:58THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:17:00CITY IN BRAZIL
01:17:02THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:17:04OR CITY IN BRAZIL
01:17:06THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:17:07THE CITY IN BRAZIL
01:17:08PARTY
01:17:09FATHER
01:17:10From outside the Rainbow Towers in Arare,
01:17:13everything appears calm and peaceful.
01:17:16But inside, a bitter fight for power is definitely original.
01:17:20The opposition will want to be the ruling party.
01:17:26And it will devise ways and means of getting there,
01:17:32including violence.
01:17:36I'm not referring...
01:17:39I'm not just referring to you.
01:17:42I'm referring to the system as we have seen it in Africa.
01:17:49That's how it is.
01:17:52What do you do to a hero or to a father who has gone wayward?
01:17:58What do you do?
01:18:01Can you discipline your hero?
01:18:02Can you discipline your father?
01:18:04You can recall the number of awards and accolades that Mugabe received in the first decade and a half of independence.
01:18:15From the National Reconciliation Speech of March 4.
01:18:21Let's turn our swords into plowshares.
01:18:27Let's be one united nation.
01:18:30You are my brother.
01:18:31I am your brother.
01:18:32If yesterday you hated me, today you cannot avoid the love that binds you to me and me to you.
01:18:40Is it not fully, therefore, that in these circumstances, anyone should seek to revive the wounds and grievances of the past?
01:18:49That man, compared to Mugabe of June 27, 2008, are worlds apart.
01:18:58Mugabe's obsession is just with power.
01:19:10His concern is just consolidating his grip on power.
01:19:15There are a lot of people who are seeing Mugabe has changed, particularly since 2000.
01:19:21Mugabe has never changed.
01:19:21He's remarkably consistent.
01:19:23They've never seen a more remarkably consistent person than Robert Mugabe.
01:19:26What changed was the circumstances of power?
01:19:28His grip on power was under threat.
01:19:32He was becoming unpopular.
01:19:33So he had, actually, to take the gloves off.
01:19:40I don't think it is of consequence to a man who is starving.
01:19:49I don't think it is of consequence whether their leader changed or whether he has been consistent.
01:19:56I don't think it is of consequence to a man who is displaced after casting his ballot, displaced from his home in an orgy of violence.
01:20:10I don't think it is of consequence to the man whose hand is chopped off because he has voted the way he wishes.
01:20:21I think how Mugabe is seen in the African diaspora and very powerful diasporas like the African-American diaspora who see Mugabe as a great liberator and will not brook any suggestion that Mugabe is a cruel dictator that he is.
01:20:42Because they seem through the prism of Western domination that they have experienced and they will not see the cost upon the Zimbabwean people of this kind of posturing.
01:20:53Mugabe is a well-educated man, unfortunately, psychologically, he has not been able to look forward and get out of this mold of thinking of the past and not the future.
01:21:14So what happened to Robert Mugabe?
01:21:23He had the potential to make Zimbabwe great, a real African success story.
01:21:31Instead, his legacy is one of genocide and despair.
01:21:36He had the potential to make Zimbabwe's future.
01:21:59What is that?
01:22:29What is that?
01:22:59What is that?
01:23:29What is that?
01:23:59What is that?
01:24:29What is that?
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