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#animated #documentary #war
Transcript
00:00:00I remember my hand was aching from working the bolt.
00:00:13Imagine what it's like when the man beside you is shot.
00:00:18He gives off this funny little cough.
00:00:23There's no need to look back.
00:00:30It's so good.
00:00:35There's no need to look back and see it.
00:00:39It's so good.
00:00:41My name is Thomas Grace, but everyone calls me Hami.
00:01:06I was made a second lieutenant, a Māori officer in the New Zealand Army.
00:01:10Now that was rare.
00:01:11When I signed up, I thought it would be a big adventure, and we thought we were going
00:01:16to Europe, but we were sent to Turkey, a place called Gallipoli.
00:01:20My dearest Ethel.
00:01:26By now you will know from the papers that we are on our way to fight the Turk.
00:01:31I'll be in a forward position for the landing, and we expect to meet heavy fire.
00:01:36If I fall, know my darling how much.
00:01:41If I fall, know my darling how much I love you.
00:01:46And know it was for a good cause.
00:02:22I had a wonderful wife, three daughters, and I hope to make my family proud.
00:02:33Monday 5th of April 1915.
00:02:36We're all feeling excited about our departure.
00:02:40We've heard weird tales of what awaits us when we reach Gallipoli.
00:02:45Our transport is a boat called the Archie, a tub of 1500 tons.
00:02:50They gave us a map of the Gallipoli Peninsula, and we studied that very closely.
00:03:03The war in Europe had reached a stalemate.
00:03:10Pushing Turkey out of the war could break the deadlock.
00:03:13If we could seize control of the Gallipoli Peninsula, we'd command the Dardanelles Strait,
00:03:19and the British Navy would have a sea route to the Turkish capital, Constantinople.
00:03:33It was 4 a.m. as we approached the Turkish coast.
00:03:43I was beach landing officer.
00:03:47It was my job to get the men ashore.
00:03:53The Australians landed first, and I was with them.
00:04:05Nothing went according to plan.
00:04:23The Australians just have the steep hill in front of them.
00:04:29They gained ground up on the ridge, but were soon pushed back.
00:04:45By midday, the place was a fiery inferno.
00:04:51We were so close, enemy shells splintered the decks.
00:04:59I wasn't afraid, it was just intense excitement.
00:05:04It was remarkable how soldier-like you felt being amongst it all.
00:05:16I was a corporal in the Auckland Infantry Battalion.
00:05:24I signed up pretty much straight away, as soon as England declared war.
00:05:29Call it war fever.
00:05:30I was sure glad those battleships were on our side.
00:05:35I was sure glad those battleships were on our side.
00:05:42You could really appreciate the beauty of bursting shrapnel.
00:05:50Of course, that was before our own baptism of fire.
00:06:05We used to transport landed soldiers.
00:06:08Could see our troops making their way up the hill in long zig-zag tracks.
00:06:12We went in to reinforce the Australians.
00:06:24But there were very few of them left to reinforce.
00:06:30Shrapnel and rifle bullets were flying like hail.
00:06:35It was my first time under fire, and I've got it.
00:06:39I was afraid.
00:06:40The Turks were giving us hell.
00:06:49It was war with avengers.
00:06:55We were too exposed to enemy fire.
00:07:01The Turks were well dug in.
00:07:06We went like the blazers under fire the whole way.
00:07:12The men were tracked by constant fire.
00:07:14The men were tracked by constant fire.
00:07:34The wounded, they just kept on coming.
00:07:40We were ordered to leave them and to concentrate on the landing.
00:07:45But I felt it was wrong to let the wounded suffer like that.
00:07:53So I had them ferry to a hospital ship.
00:08:05The first landing party were cut to pieces by the Turks.
00:08:12We worked like you know what.
00:08:33From the commanding officer to the fireman.
00:08:35We had to turn many of the wounded away.
00:08:42They were put on transport ships until another hospital ship arrived.
00:08:47I was a stretcher bearer at Gallipoli.
00:09:06I didn't take enlistment lightly.
00:09:10What counted for me was that the church backed the war.
00:09:13And I wanted to do the Christian thing.
00:09:19My ambulance unit was ashore.
00:09:21But a group of us had been left behind.
00:09:25I ended up on a transport.
00:09:28I was 21 years old.
00:09:31I had a hold full of wounded to myself.
00:09:34A friend of mine from school was brought on board.
00:09:40He had a bullet in his brain.
00:09:43I begged the doctors to operate but they said there was nothing they could do.
00:09:54He died the following day.
00:09:59We left for the land hospital with 600 wounded on board.
00:10:27I was working night duty with one other nurse.
00:10:34With the help of the orderlies we'd do half the ship each.
00:10:40It hardly seemed real.
00:10:45I was anxious about our position.
00:10:56We were hanging by our eyebrows of a sort of eagle's nest backed by our ship's guns.
00:11:03There were discussions about withdrawal.
00:11:07Well, we were instructed to dig in.
00:11:11There were 25,000 men in a small patch of land.
00:11:20Oh, things were busy down on the beach but you can imagine what it was like.
00:11:39I was appointed commandant of Anzac Cove.
00:11:54Uh, Anzac is an acronym for Australian New Zealand Army Corps.
00:12:01So, the Anzac moniker stuck.
00:12:04A little like we did to our tiny piece of land.
00:12:07It was over a week before I was finally dumped on shore.
00:12:16My unit was stationed under a steep cliff.
00:12:22The boys were pretty pleased to see me.
00:12:32There were...
00:12:34Well, there were gaps to fill.
00:12:37The Turks had machine guns overlooking our main route to the beach.
00:12:49Us stretcher bearers stopped a lot of strafe.
00:12:54The doctor had a...
00:13:06A dog.
00:13:11His name was Paddy.
00:13:13Everyone loved Paddy.
00:13:15Well, he was a character and he was very good for morale.
00:13:24I was sent a newspaper from home with a map of the Gallipoli Peninsula in it.
00:13:40I marked our position and a few key points of interest and sent it to my family.
00:13:45I hoped it would give them a better understanding of our situation.
00:13:52The British troops, supported by the French, were at Cape Helles at the entrance to the Dardanelles.
00:13:57The plan was for the British to take a hill called Archibaba, while we secured the Sari Bear Ridge.
00:14:04And in particular, Chanak Bear.
00:14:07If we could control the heights, we could take the peninsula and the Dardanelles Strait.
00:14:13The ultimate goal was to open up the sea route to Constantinople.
00:14:19We were fighting for the high ground.
00:14:24Our trenches were scattered across the cliffs.
00:14:28The first fortnight, there were only a couple of hours when I wasn't under fire.
00:14:29The first fortnight, there were only a couple of hours when I wasn't under fire.
00:14:33Johnny Turk was a stone's throw away.
00:14:34The first fortnight, there were only a couple of hours when I wasn't under fire.
00:14:38Johnny Turk was a stone's throw away.
00:14:39It was trench warfare.
00:14:40We were fighting for the high ground.
00:14:41We were fighting for the high ground.
00:14:42Our trenches were scattered across the cliffs.
00:14:46The first fortnight, there were only a couple of hours when I wasn't under fire.
00:14:59Johnny Turk was a stone's throw away.
00:15:03It was trench warfare.
00:15:12Sometimes the trenches were just 15 yards from the enemy and neither side would budge.
00:15:25We lost men every day.
00:15:34Well back home I played representative rugby and cricket.
00:15:38And I was in the rifle team at Wellington College.
00:15:42So that all came in handy when they asked me to take charge of the snipers.
00:15:48The idea was that we would pick off the Turkish snipers.
00:15:58So it was a game of now you see me, now you don't.
00:16:09Well these snipers were deadly shots.
00:16:13The enemy snipers could get 10 chaps a day.
00:16:38It was a cruel sport.
00:16:39It was a life for a life.
00:16:57In the darkness it was a wonderful show.
00:17:07Looking out it was like a city had been planted in the Aegean Sea.
00:17:11With the battleships and destroyers watching over us.
00:17:20There were constant rumours about German submarines.
00:17:24It preyed on my mind.
00:17:26If they got amongst our warships, it would be a disaster.
00:17:32In early May we heard we were being shipped off to support the Tommies.
00:17:45That's what we called the English on another part of the peninsula.
00:17:50We were taken by a destroyer about 20 miles down the peninsula to the entrance of the Dardanelles Strait.
00:18:07We were being sent to join a big battle.
00:18:08Two of our battalions were sent south to Cape Helles.
00:18:20Well I thought this was wrong.
00:18:36We barely had enough men to hold our own lines.
00:18:39The enemy had a really strong position just in front of us called Archibaba.
00:18:52It was a hill that commanded the whole of the Gallipoli Peninsula.
00:18:58We hoped the Turks would charge our trenches so we could give them a reception they'd never forget.
00:19:11But we were the ones that did the charging.
00:19:17What happened next was hell.
00:19:41Nearly all the advances were made in broad daylight.
00:19:46An open country.
00:19:53A machine gun is a terrible weapon.
00:20:01An open country.
00:20:02Six men went over with me.
00:20:18Five were hit.
00:20:22Last thing I remember, my rifle was up in the air.
00:20:35It's true what they say, you know, about the earth just rising up and smacking.
00:20:52It was pitiful to hear the wounded in no man's land, crying for help.
00:21:04I remember one boy...
00:21:10One boy sang Homeland as he lay dying.
00:21:15There is no pain in the homeland to which I'm drawing near.
00:21:34My lord is in the homeland.
00:21:39It was a terrible, terrible blunder.
00:21:42To send us over open country in broad daylight under such murderous fire.
00:21:51I lost a lot of mates.
00:21:53We were a sorry band on the hospital ship.
00:22:08I remember one pathetic case.
00:22:12An Australian boy who'd had both eyes shot out but he didn't know it.
00:22:19He walked around with a guide.
00:22:21Cheerful, you know, looking forward to the day that his bandages would come off.
00:22:25I started to think the problem facing the men was tougher than we thought.
00:22:35But at the time you had to believe you'd be successful.
00:22:44By the time they sent us back to Anzac, there were only half...half of us left.
00:23:03You know, at that stage I was glad I'd talked my younger brother, Martin, out of coming.
00:23:17He was only 17.
00:23:26We were being treated in a very sorry manner.
00:23:30It was as if General Headquarters saw us as a kind of sideshow.
00:23:34One day we arrived back at Anzac, we heard the Turks had attacked the day before and had lost thousands.
00:23:51thousands
00:24:00The Turkish attack failed and they retreated
00:24:10After the Turkish offensive a war correspondent came with me to no man's land
00:24:21Oh
00:24:31As a result of their losses the Turks requested an armistice
00:24:40So on the 24th of May from
00:24:437 30 in the morning
00:24:45until 4 30 in the afternoon a
00:24:47Ceasefire was declared
00:25:07We came out and we hide each other up
00:25:14The men were curious about each other
00:25:17There was a real bewildering sense of security out there on the front line
00:25:39Some of the dead have been there from the beginning so I can only imagine what the stench was like
00:25:47I
00:25:49I
00:25:51I
00:25:53In the end it was impossible to carry all the bodies back across the dividing lines
00:26:00So we agreed to bury each other's dead
00:26:03I
00:26:05I
00:26:07I
00:26:09I
00:26:11I
00:26:13I
00:26:15I
00:26:17I
00:26:19I
00:26:21I
00:26:23I
00:26:25I
00:26:27All of them had someone at home waiting for news.
00:26:52I was filled with the horror and left.
00:26:57The musketry began again promptly at 4.30.
00:27:12There were all sorts of rumours about Turkish atrocities.
00:27:28They weren't true.
00:27:30They weren't true.
00:27:51The Turks were a gallant foe, and I didn't bear them any malice.
00:27:56I didn't bear them any malice.
00:28:12Within weeks of landing, the fashion was shorts, boots, hat, and a glorious coat of sunburn.
00:28:21The more clothes you shed, the fewer lice you carried around.
00:28:25And the lice were voracious.
00:28:32They multiplied with amazing speed.
00:28:36One generation would perish in the morning, and by lunchtime you'd have their descendants back feasting on you.
00:28:43Oh, the lice.
00:28:48They were having a big party.
00:28:51And it was all at our expense.
00:28:53The only way to get away from the lice was swimming.
00:29:14All the troops came to Anzac Cove to bathe.
00:29:23The place looked like a holiday resort.
00:29:27Bathing was glorious.
00:29:40I don't know what it would have been like to be miles inland and not be able to take a dip in the brine.
00:29:55We were nearly always lousy.
00:30:05We begged them not to swim because the beach was always under fire and they'd get sniped in the water.
00:30:10But they'd just say, oh, well, sister, we've got to have a swim.
00:30:13What are we going to do otherwise?
00:30:16It's funny how careless you've become.
00:30:25It was ludicrous.
00:30:35And it happened almost every day.
00:30:42War is a dreadful thing.
00:30:45But it has its humorous side, too.
00:30:48Well, you couldn't drive the humor out of our men.
00:30:54There was a real difference between the Anzacs and the English troops.
00:31:03There was a freedom amongst the Anzacs that was foreign to the Englishmen.
00:31:11We'd clashed with the Australians in training camp.
00:31:14But we'd learned to trust each other in battle and a real comradeship formed.
00:31:20a great deal.
00:31:21I missed my family a great deal but the boys cheered us up.
00:31:34They were quite satisfied with their lot, so if they were, well, it was up to us to look on the bright side.
00:31:39the bright side i'd collected two shrapnel cases they made beautiful vases so i'd pick flowers
00:31:50whenever we took the wounded ashore
00:32:12it was an awful blow when the battleship hms triumph got hit
00:32:15she was torpedoed by a german submarine
00:32:24the triumph was hit right opposite our hill the submarine that did the damage escaped
00:32:33men completely forgot about snipers and shrapnel and jumped up to the nearest vantage point to get a
00:32:39look
00:32:48i can remember seeing the figure of a man sitting on the propeller
00:32:55she's been down in about 15 minutes
00:33:16after the triumph was torpedoed the royal navy left us with just a destroyer and trawlers for support
00:33:42that's what we're going to do
00:34:01we were short of so much necessities simple things like towels
00:34:12i wrote to my parents and explained the situation sometimes they passed the letters on to the local
00:34:21paper there was censorship so i couldn't say everything i wanted to but i felt there were
00:34:28the things the public needed to know
00:34:40every morning there were figures lining the stern
00:34:59i was anxious to be reunited with my company we just kept suffering losses
00:35:07i felt it was my duty to get better
00:35:11so i volunteered to go back and was past fit
00:35:13after five weeks under fire we all felt 10 years older
00:35:33i think you could say i was feeling pretty homesick
00:35:43on mail day everyone had these messages
00:35:49on mail day everything went quiet
00:35:52And on a good day, on a good day, when I got a good letter, for a little while, I was
00:36:08back in New Zealand.
00:36:22A letter from loved ones could take you home, away from the dust and the shrapnel.
00:36:47I could spend a whole afternoon just poring over them.
00:36:57I got a letter from home, telling me my brother Martin was on his way.
00:37:03They said he was in the best of spirits, looking forward to getting there.
00:37:10I was sorry to hear it, the 17's too young.
00:37:15Wait, wait, wait.
00:37:36Always on the alert, waiting.
00:37:42You know, it's funny, a dangerous life isn't necessarily an exciting one.
00:37:49There were bombs coming over all night, and most of the day.
00:37:57And rumours, endless rumours that we were going to attack.
00:38:11Nothing for a change.
00:38:18Anything.
00:38:23The heat was terribly trying.
00:38:25Sometimes I felt I'd melt.
00:38:27The heat brought the flies in swarms.
00:38:37They crawled over the bodies, in the latrines, and onto the food.
00:38:58The food was, it was almost intolerable.
00:39:08I'll tell you what though, I made a first rate stew out of bully beef, biscuits and oxo.
00:39:14Almost made that bully worth eating.
00:39:22Disease began to spread.
00:39:26Dysentery especially gave us a lot of trouble.
00:39:30Dysentery was becoming more deadly than the bullets.
00:39:48I received dozens of letters.
00:40:04Sometimes from complete strangers.
00:40:06They'd ask about their sons, you know.
00:40:20Just wanted to get in touch with anyone who might have been near their dear one.
00:40:27In early June I heard from some mates that Martin had arrived.
00:40:46I was in charge of my section and I got him posted to my company.
00:40:52I wanted to have a go at him.
00:40:56I didn't.
00:40:58I just tried to keep him out of trouble.
00:41:10Shells are funny things.
00:41:12You never quite knew where they were going or what they were going to do.
00:41:26One day Paddy was struck by Shrapnel.
00:41:36And the poor little chap was killed.
00:41:39That dog's demise caused more concern than the death of many men.
00:41:44We were moved to Quinn's post, a ridge about a mile inland.
00:42:04Quinn's was a network of tunnels and trenches.
00:42:18At Quinn's the slaughter never stopped.
00:42:34It was the closest point to the Turks.
00:42:36Martin wanted into the firing line.
00:42:40Martin wanted into the firing line.
00:42:48He kept pestering me.
00:42:50It annoyed me.
00:42:54I just didn't want him to go through what I'd been through.
00:42:58So I took him on a tour.
00:43:02To show him all there was to see.
00:43:06I hoped it would sicken him.
00:43:26The hardest thing was expecting to be hit.
00:43:46Constantly expecting it.
00:43:48I was always wondering where and how you'd get it.
00:44:00One of my men started seeing things.
00:44:18Gallipoli was no place for a nervous man.
00:44:34One was a vampire.
00:44:36I don't think so.
00:44:58Sometimes the suffering was so intense,
00:45:00death seemed like the best way out.
00:45:04One day, I collected wild flares.
00:45:34And they're really very pretty.
00:45:37I pressed them and I sent them home to my wife and daughters.
00:45:48We knew that by then, news was getting out about our losses.
00:45:52And I could just imagine the many sad homes in New Zealand.
00:45:56I had this picture of my mother standing by our door in Mount Eden.
00:46:11That got me thinking about what it would mean to my own family if I were killed.
00:46:14And all they had to keep them going was the absence of my name from that casualty lost.
00:46:21That's right.
00:46:51We normally had at least 500 patients on board,
00:46:55but even though I was busy, I always tried to talk to the men,
00:46:59ask them where they came from.
00:47:07It was always a shock when someone you knew from home was brought on board.
00:47:11I remember seeing young Tommy Arnott,
00:47:15who I knew from Balmain.
00:47:19He was badly wounded, but delighted to see me.
00:47:40I promised to write to his mother.
00:47:44By early July, I was sent to a hospital ship.
00:47:56I was suffering from gastroenteritis.
00:48:00Oh, like so many other men.
00:48:04I could see our tiny holding.
00:48:1625,000 men penned in.
00:48:22We'd heard that there were over 150,000 Turks opposing us.
00:48:34It was a bad business.
00:48:38But we heard there'd be something afoot very soon.
00:48:48GHQ were finally beginning to think that the best way to tackle the Turb was by a major assault.
00:48:54We were headed for Channock Bear, a high point on the Sari Bear Ridge.
00:49:06To distract the enemy's attention, the Australians would attack at Lone Pine and the Neck.
00:49:12By holding Channock Bear, we could dominate the whole peninsula.
00:49:16At the same time, north in Suvla Bay, over 20,000 British troops would be landed.
00:49:28The plan was for them to sweep in on the flank of the New Zealanders and complete the great victory.
00:49:34We often had concerts.
00:49:50But the one before the big push felt special.
00:49:54Lead thou me on.
00:49:58The night is dark and I am far from home.
00:50:05Lead thou me on.
00:50:11Keep thou my feet.
00:50:15Men were different.
00:50:16We were war-tired.
00:50:18And we knew that a lot of men would die.
00:50:24And we weren't afraid.
00:50:26One step enough for me.
00:50:35By that stage, we felt honoured to be Anzacs.
00:50:38Me time along the narrow, rugged path.
00:50:46Thy self has thronged.
00:50:50Please say to lead me home is now my faith.
00:50:57Home to my God.
00:51:03To rest for me.
00:51:06Before the big offensive, I got myself transferred to a different platoon.
00:51:11Away from my brother.
00:51:13I just didn't want to be with him.
00:51:15On the firing line.
00:51:18I couldn't protect him anymore.
00:51:22In the calm light of everlasting life.
00:51:35I remember a tall plane coming over to spied our positions.
00:51:48Its engines cut out when it was above us and then it glided inland.
00:51:54The air was electric.
00:52:00It was tense.
00:52:09We were each given a piece of white calico to sew onto our arms and back.
00:52:13So we didn't bayonet one of our own in the dark.
00:52:16We had a gel of rum with breakfast that day.
00:52:22The distance was just a little over three miles.
00:52:38But we were continually held up.
00:52:41And it wasn't really a march.
00:52:56Because we'd move.
00:52:57And then we'd wait.
00:52:58And then we'd move.
00:52:59And then we'd wait.
00:53:00It was very quiet.
00:53:20It was very quiet.
00:53:24The suspense was awful.
00:53:54At one stage during the night, a Māori unit took a Turkish position.
00:54:08They did a haka.
00:54:24I watched the New Zealand infantry fire past me.
00:54:52Everyone was sick.
00:54:54Better off in hospital than on the battlefield.
00:55:02I mean, when you're weighed down with ammunition and weak as we were,
00:55:08nothing is harder than marching at night.
00:55:15We were behind schedule.
00:55:18At one point it took us two hours to go just a few hundred yards.
00:55:23We were never going to attack Chanuk Bear before dawn, which was the plan.
00:55:39I was sent to the Neck, a ridge just south of Chanuk Bear, where the Australians attacked.
00:55:52They went over the top in four waves.
00:55:59Four hundred and fifty of them.
00:56:02Nearly every single one of them was cut down before he even got over the parapet.
00:56:06It was a death zone.
00:56:18It was a death zone.
00:56:34They called our boys die hard Australians.
00:56:37And I can tell you they did die hard.
00:56:46Unless you saw it, you couldn't understand how hard it was.
00:56:59The Royal Navy returned to support the August offensive.
00:57:04We could see troop ships anchored in Suvla Bay.
00:57:08The English reinforcements had landed.
00:57:15In full light, we'd lost the element of surprise.
00:57:20Despite this, the Auckland Battalion was ordered to attack the crest of Chanuk Bear.
00:57:27It was eleven o'clock when we made the first charge.
00:57:30Sing me to sleep, dear.
00:57:35And I'll sleep right through December.
00:57:40Both me and beside me were shot dead.
00:57:42Sing a tune I can dream to.
00:57:47A tune I might remember.
00:57:52Trouble creeping up on me.
00:58:05It's hot breath on my shoulder.
00:58:11Sing me to sleep, dear.
00:58:17The company was cut up.
00:58:22To be honest, I find it very difficult to talk about.
00:58:24And now the summer sun is blinding me
00:58:30And the way ahead is frightening me
00:58:35And this I know is grinding me
00:58:40Down to nothing
00:58:49We were waiting to charge, Chanuk Bear.
00:58:52I didn't expect to get through this time.
00:58:56I worried about Martin.
00:58:58It was his first real battle.
00:59:06We were 500 yards below Chanuk Bear.
00:59:16We fixed bayonets.
00:59:22Then we got the order to advance.
00:59:41We walked at a steady pace.
00:59:43For about 500 yards.
00:59:45The Aucklanders had been mowing down before us.
00:59:48The Aucklanders had been mowing down before us.
00:59:51So we were expecting a hot time of it.
01:00:01And nothing happened.
01:00:05We all but walked to the top of that hill.
01:00:15It was just breaking day when we took Chanuk Bear.
01:00:33The Wellington Battalion took Chanuk Bear on the 8th of August.
01:00:38From the ridge, they could see the Dardanelles.
01:00:41Victory seemed possible.
01:00:50We looked over the other side and we could see all the way to the strait.
01:00:58There's no time to take in views.
01:00:59The Turks, they counter-attacked.
01:01:01We had to dig in.
01:01:02It was a rotten position to hold.
01:01:13It was a rotten position to hold.
01:01:16Laughs.
01:01:17Voigtile
01:01:28More of them.
01:01:30Aro be told.
01:01:31hungry
01:01:34Oh, oh, oh.
01:01:36Its wrong.
01:01:38On the way, the killing was dangerous.
01:01:39There's no need to hold.
01:01:40To hold.
01:01:42Awesome.
01:01:43Here's our jeux, it's notew.
01:01:45We hung on like grim death.
01:01:56It was a hotspot.
01:01:58I never saw Martin up there, but I knew his platoon was on the hill.
01:02:28At Suvla Bay, over 20,000 English troops were meant to advance and support the fighting up on Chanak Bear.
01:02:41But they didn't.
01:02:43And our men died up there.
01:02:58I was standing, fighting, when I got one.
01:03:03Right through the neck.
01:03:11The battle raged all afternoon.
01:03:16My hand was aching from working the bolt.
01:03:28Oh, ah ah, ah.
01:03:45Oh, oh, oh, oh, ah.
01:03:51They were hard-swearing, hard-living rough men, but they often surprised you.
01:04:19When someone was wounded or needed help, nothing was too much trouble.
01:04:26A man would give everything.
01:04:29Anything he had, even if he was badly wounded himself, he'd tend to the man next to him.
01:04:37It was all for your mates.
01:04:49During the offensive, we made two trips to land hospitals and transported over a thousand men.
01:05:04Quite a few men I knew had been killed.
01:05:11I was still on a hospital ship during the offensive.
01:05:17I heard via a wireless report that we'd been held up.
01:05:24I knew that meant it must have been a black week.
01:05:33The New Zealanders held on at Chanak Bear for two days.
01:05:42On the night of the 9th, what was left of the New Zealand force was withdrawn and English battalions took over.
01:05:51On the morning of the 10th, I saw the Turkish charge.
01:05:58The English were completely overwhelmed.
01:06:01They broke and fled.
01:06:05Chanak Bear was lost.
01:06:0712,000 men dead and wounded.
01:06:25Gallipoli was nothing more than a butcher shop.
01:06:30The bullet punctured in a windpipe.
01:06:59I couldn't speak.
01:07:01I walked around the hospital.
01:07:04Looking.
01:07:08There was no word about Marta.
01:07:31It was a wretched experience.
01:07:46The Lord alone knows how I survived.
01:07:50I read in the weeklies that the British took Chanak Bear.
01:07:53Jeez, that made me angry.
01:07:55Not on your life.
01:07:57When I returned to Gallipoli I thought I'd slot back into Anzac Live.
01:08:02When I returned to Gallipoli, I thought I'd slot back into Anzac life.
01:08:22But my illness knocked the stuffing out of me, and I caved in.
01:08:26I was evacuated to England.
01:08:32By September, I was very tired, and I volunteered to accompany the invalided boys back home to Australia.
01:08:56I knew an awful lot about war by then.
01:09:02It seemed impossible to think anyone could escape.
01:09:05Goddai's got a shooter.
01:09:07The day he's got shorter.
01:09:30It got bleak and cold.
01:09:49I thought I'd freeze to death.
01:09:53By the time breakfast was over, the tea was frozen in the canteens.
01:09:59I never want to be that cold again.
01:10:04More than 200 men died from the cold.
01:10:08There were over 10,000 casualties from the frostbite.
01:10:12I don't know the truth.
01:10:22On the 13th of November, Field Marshal the Earl Kitchener arrived.
01:10:27This man is only one rank below God.
01:10:32The English donned their uniforms and fell in at attention.
01:10:36The New Zealanders and the Australians came just as they were.
01:10:42There was no disrespect, but no one saluted.
01:10:49On the 7th of December, the British cabinet decided it was time to evacuate Anzac.
01:10:57The days leading up to the withdrawal, we deceived the enemy.
01:11:12Troops were taken off.
01:11:17We set up self-firing rifles.
01:11:27Goods were removed or destroyed.
01:11:42The final stage of the evacuation started on the morning of the 19th of December.
01:11:48Almost eight months after we arrived.
01:11:5142,000 men were withdrawn over those last few days.
01:12:12It was decided that there'd be a party of 53 remain behind until everyone else was awful.
01:12:18Because I'd been one of the first to arrive, I wanted to be one of the last to leave.
01:12:22So I volunteered for that party.
01:12:29At 9pm on the 19th, I said goodbye to the covering party.
01:12:42None of those volunteers expected to live.
01:12:46And that's...
01:12:48That's real heroism.
01:13:12I left from a little pier below Walker's Ridge.
01:13:25When I left, I felt ashamed.
01:13:41It was like the eyes of the dead were on us.
01:13:54Not a brave man.
01:13:56But I remember feeling I would rather attack head on and face the chance of death with honour
01:14:01than to do that bitter thing.
01:14:06The one consolation was that we knew that those Australasian troops had done everything and more that men could do.
01:14:19Let's go.
01:14:20Let's go.
01:14:25For New Zealand and Australia, everything was so mismanaged.
01:14:49It was time to demand a colonial voice and a leader of our own.
01:14:55I was sent up before a board of doctors and they asked me if I'd like to go to England.
01:15:12I said New Zealand would do me.
01:15:25I said New Zealand would do me.
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