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For educational purposes
The F-86 was America's first swept wing fighter, similar in style to the Soviet Mig-15.
It first entered service in 1949, and was used in the Korean war (1950–1953), fighting some of the earliest jet-to-jet battles, considered one of the best and most important fighter aircraft in that war,
It was developed in the late 1940s and was outdated by the end of the 1950s, the Sabre proved versatile and adaptable and continued as a front-line fighter in numerous air forces.
The F-86 was America's first swept wing fighter, similar in style to the Soviet Mig-15.
It first entered service in 1949, and was used in the Korean war (1950–1953), fighting some of the earliest jet-to-jet battles, considered one of the best and most important fighter aircraft in that war,
It was developed in the late 1940s and was outdated by the end of the 1950s, the Sabre proved versatile and adaptable and continued as a front-line fighter in numerous air forces.
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LearningTranscript
00:30The wonders of aviation take to the skies in wings.
00:36Suit up, strap yourself in, check your instruments, and you're cleared for takeoff.
00:44The mission? To match wooden weapons against enemy MiGs.
00:48Hunt them out, cut them down, and take the ride of your life.
00:53Great Plains, the F-86.
00:55On December 17, 1950, a United States Air Force F-86 Sabre, flying on patrol over Korean airspace, observed in the sky below the swept wing silhouette of a Model 15 MiG.
01:11The Sabre's pilot dived on the oncoming target and then positioned himself behind the Soviet-built aircraft.
01:19The MiG weaved to avoid the American pilot's aim and for a moment appeared to elude its predator.
01:24However, it took only a few minutes for the American pilot to position himself for the shot, and in the space of seconds, the struggle for air superiority over Korea, with the prestige of two opposing philosophies at stake, had begun.
01:37The history of jet-powered fighters actually goes back to before the Second World War.
02:07The first Allied jet fighter to enter service was the British Gloucester Meteor.
02:12Using two centrifugal flow engines, the meteor was to lift fighter speeds from the previous 400 mile per hour maximum to around 500.
02:23These meteors are based in Europe, just before the end of the Second World War.
02:28They're obviously of great interest to the American airmen, as the United States Air Force did not have an equivalent in service at the time.
02:42In fact, the meteor saw very little combat, in the main being kept in England for fear that the new technology would fall into enemy hands.
02:50It was, however, vitally useful for shooting down the V-1 weapon fired against Britain, a role where its great speed had a major advantage.
03:00Firestorm ветvary air force floodlights for focusing on and situação the strength of its fuerties.
03:22Fire in the Office.
03:23Fire in the Office.
03:24Fire in the disrespectful radioidelity and TV speeds of 1.
03:28Oh, my God.
03:58The British fear that the meteor should fall into German hands was something of a paradox because Germany was, at very least, one year ahead of British jet design and actually flew jet-powered aircraft before the war.
04:28Here, a young German pilot is given some last-minute advice before his first jet flight.
04:35Without doubt, the Luftwaffe's most stunning success was this plane, the Messerschmitt 262, an excellent aircraft powered by two axial-flow jet engines, which actually made it faster than the meteor.
04:50Also, it employed a successful aerodynamic shape, and later models were intended to utilise a swept-wing philosophy, which German engineers were, at the time, developing.
05:00Over 1,500 262s were actually built, but, on Hitler's personal insistence, many of them were committed to a bomber role, in which the swallow, as it became known, was by no means best utilised.
05:16Later, and at first unofficially, German high command allowed the 262 to be used as a fighter.
05:25In the short time that it was used in the fighter role, the 262's devastating speed caused havoc amongst Allied bombers.
05:33Unfortunately for the Germans, the 262 came just too late to save the Third Reich, but it did give the Allies another insight as to the possibilities of jet development.
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07:04Concentrating more on improving piston engine design, America did not start developing jet technology until 1943.
07:11But had the war continued, the excellent Lockheed Shooting Star would have been its first combat jet.
07:18This is a photo reconnaissance version, but the basic fighter which saw service for many years was very much the same.
07:35The Republic Thunderjet offered still further improvement with a slender, streamlined fuselage and more powerful jet engines.
07:49But both the P-80 and the P-84 used the straight wing design, which really was very little different from the shapes employed in World War II.
07:59The North American Aviation Company also adopted a conventional straight wing layout for its first jet.
08:14But they gained access to the data on German swept wing technology immediately after the war, and as a result modified the wing and tail plane position into a swept back format.
08:24The P-86 Sabre, as it became known, was ultimately also to incorporate many other advanced features, like the all-moving tail plane, automatic slats on the wing, and powered air brakes.
08:48But most important of all its features were the swept surfaces, which enabled higher speeds to be obtained by reducing air resistance.
08:56At the heart of the P-86 was a general electric J-47 jet engine, which utilised the axial flow principle, like that used in the earlier German ME262, but now more sophisticated and refined.
09:19The jet concept worked on the principle of air being drawn in from the air intake on the nose of the aircraft, then passed into an axial flow compressor area, where the air is progressively compressed through 12 different stages.
09:34It is then forced into the combustion chambers, where atomised fuel is injected, and the mixture is then ignited.
09:43The resulting combustion and expansion of exhaust gases provides the thrust necessary, and also drives the compressor so that the cycle continues.
10:04The thrust produced by the jet engine technology was something that ground crew also had to come to terms with.
10:11No-go areas were declared, in front of the engine intake for fear that personnel would be sucked in, and at the rear of the jets, because of the phenomenal blast.
10:20One problem all jet engines had against piston aircraft was that they consumed vast quantities of fuel, and in a small area, such as a fighter's fuselage, every square inch of available space is dedicated to this all-important commodity.
10:46The sabre, like many other fighters, also employed drop tanks, to provide extra kerosene.
11:00Most sabres to go into production employed six 50-millimeter machine guns as the standard armament, and these were mounted on each side of the heavily armored pilot's position.
11:13Wings will return in a moment.
11:16We now return to wings.
11:27Mainly because of the advantages of the swept wing at high speed, the sabre went into production on 16th of October 1947, with an initial order of 33 F-86A and 190 F-86Bs, which was changed to F-86As later on.
11:42From the moment a pilot pushed the external switch to operate the powered canopy, he was stepping into a new world.
11:54Once inside, he would first check the ejector seat locking pins.
12:04These could not be removed until shortly before taxiing, to prevent accidental firing while the plane was still on the ground.
12:13The pilot would then take stock of the staggering array of controls and instrumentation integral to the new technology.
12:22The management of a sabre was a far more complicated business than just the stick and rudder techniques required of pilots of earlier planes.
12:35Here, 5,200 pounds of thrust had to be controlled and directed to propel what at the time was the world's fastest fighter.
12:48George Tower, this is Air Force 184, requesting taxi clearance, over.
12:59Air Force 184, this is George Tower, traffic southwest, cleared to runway 21 right.
13:18Air Force 184, this is John
14:09One difference between jet-powered and piston engines is that it takes some time to build up the necessary thrust to get the aircraft off the ground. This was particularly so for the heavier jet bombers, but even fighters had to build up their thrust before takeoff.
15:39The force and agility were to pay dividends any years to follow. At this time, the Air Force's designation P for pursuit was replaced by the more apt F for fighter, and the Sabre became the F-86.
15:54The Air Force
15:59The Air Force
16:01The Air Force
16:32During the late 40s and early 50s, the Air Force gave many public displays, demonstrating
16:45the Sabre's performance, and sometimes as many as 80 aircraft would fly in complicated
16:50formations, demonstrating aerial skills.
17:32The breaking of the sound barrier was still a novelty, and although by then it was a routine
17:37for the pilots, at these air shows it was a highlight of the day for the crowds.
17:41Public confidence in American air power was vital because in 1949, the Soviets demonstrated
18:08a lethal combination.
18:11Russia had copied the American B-29 long-range bombers, which could, on a one-way mission,
18:16reach the US.
18:18Worse, they had successfully detonated an atomic bomb, and America had lost its nuclear monopoly.
18:24This, coupled with a rapid deterioration in the relationship between the two nations, was
18:32a source of major concern.
18:34Sabre production was increased, and an all-weather variant was developed to counter possible
18:50Russian attack.
18:52This was the F-86D Sabre Dog.
18:55The aircraft utilized a sophisticated radar scanner mounted over the nose, to locate enemy bombers
19:03in all weather conditions, and even at night.
19:06It also used a rack of unguided rockets, mounted in the fuselage, as these were considered a much
19:12more effective armament against attacking Russian bombers.
19:28When conflict did come, it was actually in a far distant place.
19:33North Korean troops invading South Korea caused the United Nations to intercede, and US B-29s
19:40were rapidly deployed to the region, to destroy northern factories and communications.
19:46In actual fact, the B-29 was not the most suitable weapon for this work, but nevertheless, it did
19:52the job quite effectively, as the US virtually controlled the skies over Korea.
20:10Then, on the 1st of November 1950, American pilots were stunned to see the first Russian-built
20:18MiG-15s.
20:20These aircraft were way ahead of anything the Soviets were thought to have developed, and
20:24B-29s, even with their defensive armament, were no match for these brilliant, stubby Soviet
20:30fighters.
20:30To counter the threat, the Pentagon ordered F-86s to be sent to Korea, and thus began the
20:38MiG versus Sabre contest.
20:39The first four flights into the area will stay below the contrails and keep a close watch
20:59on the fighter-bombers.
21:00The last two flights will go above the contrails, and check very closely for any MiG aircraft
21:07that might come in above the cons.
21:10Now, if you see MiGs up there today, call them out.
21:13Give them their altitude, direction, and geographical location on the map.
21:19And call them out, and then get off the radio.
21:22Now, remember, I want you to look around, keep your speed up, and if you do get a bounce,
21:28cut him off, and drive in, in range.
21:33When you get in range, shoot, and when you shoot, shoot to kill.
21:36Anybody got any questions?
21:38Okay, let's go get them.
21:47Wings will return in a moment.
21:52We now return to Wings.
21:54Usually, Sabre forces were flown in groups of four aircraft.
22:05Tiger League, Tiger 2 here.
22:07I've got a couple of bogeys out there.
22:09One coming around at 2 level.
22:11Roger, boy.
22:12I got him.
22:12Roger, boy.
22:13Let's go.
22:43All right.
22:44There he goes.
22:45He's going down.
22:46Have you got him?
22:47All right.
22:48Boy, that's a good deal.
22:49Watch.
22:50We've got four coming into your arms at 7 o'clock.
22:51Hang on.
23:00I haven't got him.
23:01Go ahead.
23:02Take it.
23:03I'll cover you.
23:04All right.
23:05I'm going in now.
23:06Okay.
23:07You're clear.
23:08Go ahead.
23:09I'm clear.
23:10We've got fire now.
23:11You're still clear.
23:12Okay.
23:13He's in now, boy.
23:14You got him, too.
23:42All right.
23:43All right.
23:44Bye.
23:45You're lost.
23:46Meet me, bitch.
23:47Take it.
23:48All right.
23:49Here we go.
23:50Let's go.
23:51What goes up?
23:53Let's go.
23:55Here we go.
23:57We've got you thinking.
23:58I'm not going out of here.
23:59You're going away.
24:02What?
24:03You're going fixes.
29:50One of the main attributes of the MiG was its armament, which consisted of one 37mm and two 23mm cannon, mounted in a compact, demountable unit, which could be quickly replaced by ground crew, enabling the aircraft a very fast turnaround.
30:05The borrowed MiG, as it became known, was obtained complete with ammunition, and therefore it was possible to test its firing power.
30:15Aircraft carrying heavy cannon have a slower rate of fire than the six machine guns of the Sabre, but the hitting power of the cannon was much greater.
30:37Aircraft carrying heavy cannon.
30:39Aircraft carrying heavy cannon is much greater.
30:43Aircraft carrying heavy cannon has a very fragile weapon.
30:55Aircraft carrying heavy cannon is much more effective.
30:59Aircraft carrying heavy cannon is much greater.
31:01The MiGs armament encouraged the US to develop a combination of four 20mm cannon for the
31:14Sabre to replace the six 50mm machine guns. Although it arrived late in the Korean conflict,
31:21the cannon equipped Sabre actually had several MiG kills. But for most of the campaign,
31:25it was the machine guns with their high rate of fire that would bring down the MiGs.
31:31To maximise opportunities, pilots were taught not to approach the enemy directly from behind,
31:44but slightly from the side, an angle which offered a bigger fuselage surface to hit.
32:01The MiG is the only constant damage from the Sun bringing ice on its search塔 are in place.
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32:14They were both entities. They're being a certain power, and they were best centers for their Auntutt men.
33:50One of the strengths of the Sabre was the heavy armour provided for the pilots, and this brought back many men who would otherwise not have made it.
34:12As the Korean conflict proceeded, American aces were sent back to train new pilots in the ways of the 86 in combat.
34:21This policy of experienced pilots passing on their skills to younger men was the other half of the American formula which won the Korean air conflict.
34:29Because the MiG was so evenly matched with the Sabre in its overall ability, in the hands of better pilots the conflict may have had another outcome.
34:38It was the greater competence and better training of the American pilots with their consequent greater skill that was the real margin between the two planes.
34:45For the pilot, suiting up was no easy matter.
34:51Firstly, he would be wearing a heavy flight suit plus a lined vest and the obligatory .45 automatic.
34:56He also had to don a Maywest life preserver, the essential parachute and a survival kit which contained everything from a rubber raft to a homing beacon.
35:06By the time he was sitting in his sabre, complete with helmet and oxygen mask, he must have felt almost an integral part of the plane.
35:31To some extent, this was symbolic because it was the bonding of man and machine that made the US fighters so effective during the Korean campaign.
36:01The sabre's design allowed for considerable flexibility in its use.
36:11While it was essentially designed as an interceptor, it could be equipped with air-to-ground rockets or even to carry bombs.
36:19This made it ideally suited to the interdiction role.
36:22And even though it was rarely used in this way in Korea, other countries in other theatres employed the 86 very successfully as ground attack aircraft.
36:31And there were…
36:35Well, I'm sorry.
36:38After the pilot, he was a globalver with air-to-ground aircraft.
36:42It was very clear in the air-to-ground aircraft.
36:47This was one of the most popular aircraft players, and I met some other aircraft.
36:51The pilot and the pilot and the pilot was the pilot equations.
36:54This was the pilot to the pilot for the pilot, in an airplane.
36:57What did this rahat?
41:29The Australian Sabre was the most powerful produced and although its maximum speed was not that much greater than the American version, it had much higher acceleration and lifting capability.
42:41The large letter P on the side of this plane is the standard commonwealth symbol for prototype, similar to the Y used by American aircraft.
42:51Australia produced 111.
42:52Australia produced 112 Avon powered Sabres, a number of which were given to the Indonesian Air Force as they were superseded by the French Mirage.
43:01By the early 1960s, the Sabre, the Sabre, still in service with many different countries, was starting to age.
43:31Though the use of the U.S. Though the use of the U.S. Though the use of the U.S. Though the use of sidewinder missiles enhanced its hitting power as an interceptor, no aircraft, not even the fabled 86, could stay in front line service forever.
43:40And besides, North American had produced a successor in the form of the F-100 Super Sabre.
43:47Larger and with speeds of up to 1,000 miles per hour, this, the first of the famous century series of American fighter aircraft, is shown here next to an F-86 Sabre dog.
43:58In the early 60s, the Sabres were progressively transferred to the Home Guard.
44:21Here, a pilot inspects an 86 which has been relegated to the Home Guard use.
44:31Again, the combination of man and aircraft is totally effective.
44:36The skills and experience of a combat veteran are not lost to the nation, and neither is the investment that it originally made in such a well-built and long-serving aircraft as the 86.
44:48For many years after it was replaced in front line service, the Sabre, in the hands of the Home Guard's skilled and dedicated aircrew, provided a second line of defence.
44:58The F-86 was flown by US National Guard squadrons into the 70s, and is still being flown by air forces around the world.
45:26The design that traces its way back to the 1940s has proved extremely durable, not only because the Sabre was well-built, but because it did its job.
45:56Ok, yeah, T.
45:57That's ideas, sure.
45:58And it was quite a bit of an
46:13flexibility that therefore forensics that brig Governments.
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