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00:00Things I saw made impressions, I can never forget.
00:20I can't describe it. I can't say how it was.
00:25It was just terrible.
00:34A dream of being trapped on the ship with no means of escape.
00:43But I always wake up before the boat sinks.
00:55He told me that apparently we'd struck something.
01:07Iceberg!
01:08Get ahead!
01:08I didn't become alarmed.
01:18There was no danger, they said.
01:24I told her to come at once. We were sinking.
01:26I can imagine the chaos and the fear and the terror of finding water in your cabin and you're in the bowels of the ship.
01:37It makes me panic just thinking about it.
01:40The story of the Titanic is the human condition spread out, pinned on a board for us to examine.
01:47Then came the terrible cry.
01:51Women and children, women and children.
01:54Two men lifted me up and put me in a boat.
01:59It's these small decisions, these little butterfly effect moments that change the outcome.
02:03It really was every man for himself.
02:22My heart stood still.
02:32Hurry up!
02:33It's a split-second decision. What would you do? What would I do?
02:54It was a terrible sight.
02:56Men swinging and sinking.
03:03I'd been brought up to believe in a hell after a death.
03:18For now, I think I went through a hell that night.
03:21I don't know, I didn't know.
03:22Fairly a little more.
03:37I thought.
03:41Taste.
03:43Welcome.
03:43Willis ос stalking.
03:45I
04:07Nipped along to have a look down the emergency staircase to gauge the speed the water was rising
04:14That cold green water crawling its ghostly way
04:24The electric lights shone under the surface with a weird effect
04:32Sir Lightaller knows now things are getting more serious
04:39He thought this thing could not go down
04:42And now he knows it could sink
04:45This is a terrible shock for him
04:48Captain Smith is at fault here
04:54He has not informed his senior officers of what he has known for some time
05:00It's very hard to know why Captain Smith did not give out the information to his most trusted command
05:06Maybe it's important to keep this away to stop them panicking and to keep control
05:12There are just ten standard lifeboats left on the ship along with four collapsibles
05:31There's two thousand souls and more on board and only around seven hundred places
05:38There's no rescue ship coming anytime soon so if you don't get in you're gonna die
05:44Lightaller is going to continue doing exactly what he's done before but with even more fervor and rigidity enforcing the plan
06:05It's the only thing he can do
06:08And children only
06:11Charlotte Collier is just about holding herself together in her family unit
06:14Her husband Harvey and her little daughter Marjorie
06:22Mr. Lowe rushed among the passengers and ordered the women into the boats
06:33Many of them followed him in a dazed kind of way
06:40And others stayed with their men
06:43A sailor caught Marjorie in his arms
06:49Tore her away from me and threw her into the boat
06:55I was crying for my doll
06:59Then two men lifted me up and put me in a boat
07:04Marjorie!
07:06Marjorie!
07:08Marjorie!
07:09Marjorie!
07:10Marjorie!
07:11Marjorie!
07:12Marjorie!
07:13Marjorie!
07:14Marjorie!
07:15Marjorie!
07:16Marjorie!
07:17Marjorie!
07:18Marjorie!
07:19Marjorie!
07:20Marjorie!
07:21Marjorie!
07:22Marjorie!
07:23Marjorie!
07:24Marjorie!
07:25Marjorie!
07:26Marjorie!
07:27Marjorie!
07:28Marjorie!
07:29Marjorie!
07:30Marjorie!
07:31Marjorie!
07:32Marjorie!
07:33Marjorie!
07:34Marjorie!
07:35Marjorie!
07:36Marjorie!
07:37Marjorie!
07:38and saw my husband's back as he walked steadily down the deck and disappeared among the men
07:48if they'd not wrenched marjorie away from me
07:54i wish i had gone with him
08:00the courtier's deferential veneer is not there anymore
08:10the officers will pull apart women from their men and make them go into the boats
08:17whether they want to or not this is new in the course of the night and it's frightening
08:30there's a really stark disadvantage facing third-class passengers from the beginning
08:37they are stuck in the bowels of the ship trying to get to where the lifeboats are
08:43i've been seasick the whole trip
08:49all i wanted was to be left alone so i could lie down
09:03anna huerblom is a teenager from finland she's a swedish speaker
09:10a third of seerage passengers on the titanic were from nordic countries there were so many people
09:17who did not speak english they spoke spanish arabic swedish swedish is the second most spoken
09:23language when the boat struck the 14th of april which was my birthday i was 18
09:32i didn't become alarmed i just couldn't believe that this wonderful ship could possibly be in trouble
09:44there are 14 stewardesses in first class to help those passengers leave the ship
09:52in third class there's only one
09:55there was no tunneling system or announcement of what was going on of what to do
10:04they had to work it out themselves
10:06a crash woke me up
10:25nearly jolted me from my bed
10:29i put on my trousers and shoes and got up
10:36eugene daly is a 29 year old textile worker from county westmeath in ireland
10:45after years of saving he's immigrating to america along with his cousin maggie
10:51her friend bertha and his beloved irish pipes
10:55the stewards came through and told the passengers that they shouldn't be frightened
11:02there was no danger they said
11:06everything was all right and that i might go back
11:11the third class passengers don't know what's going on because they're not being told and there's
11:24nothing worse than having an idea that something's really wrong but not knowing exactly what it is
11:30above deck the first and second class passengers and the crew they can all see there aren't enough
11:37boats left and there are hundreds of them on deck
11:46i stood at the bulkhead with the other stewardesses
11:49a ship's officer ordered us into the boat
11:53some lifeboats are only at half capacity
11:56now there's fear everywhere so they're filling them up as quickly as they can
12:04looking along the length of the ship
12:08i noticed the forward part of her was lower now
12:15much lower
12:21my heart stood still
12:30you know in the military this is what we talk about triaging this is a case of thinking how many
12:39people can we save at this point there's only room for 800 people in the lifeboats that remain
12:45so that's best case scenario but in crisis situations you're not getting the best case scenario
12:51within the panic the confusion
12:53the boat was full now
12:59as the boat was being lowered the ship's officer called
13:05here miss jessop
13:07look after this baby
13:10someone had dumped it on the deck beside his feet
13:19at this stage violet is handed a baby that has been sort of separated from
13:28their family or whoever was caring for them at that point it's hard to fathom that
13:34that panic beginning to spread it's making their circumstances worse
13:40it's making everybody's chance of survival worse
13:44but it's such a natural reaction
13:46i could hear the commotion overhead increasing i decided to go up even though i still felt very ill
14:13i was fully clothed and i had a life belt
14:19my railroad ticket to tacoma and a small amount of money were
14:24sewed in a little bag and hung around my neck so that i couldn't lose it
14:29i went down into the room where maggie daly and bertha mulville hill were
14:36the men and women in third class are separated
14:41so for eugene to find maggie and bertha he has to cross
14:45from one end of the ship to another no one is guiding them no one is saying
14:49this is the best way to get around the flooding
14:51they have to work it out themselves
14:53come with me
15:00the ship is sinking
15:02there's hundreds of third class passengers trying to navigate the warren of corridors
15:11hallways staircases
15:12and they're trying to get to a part of the ship the boat deck that they've never been allowed onto before
15:18it's difficult to convey the size of a ship like the titanic
15:24it took me 14 days before i could find my way from one part of that ship to another by the shortest route
15:31eugene maggie and bertha must navigate up several decks to the boat deck
15:38it's now a very challenging situation and the feeling of a loss of control on the part of the crew is getting stronger and stronger
15:46it was about this time that the chief officer came over from the starboard side and asked did i know where the firearms were
15:53i told the chief officer yes come along and i'll get them for you
15:58come along
15:59drawing weapons is very unusual
16:04the officers clearly were aware of how panic was setting in
16:11and order and discipline amongst people were falling apart
16:15there are guns on board the titanic
16:19like the lifeboats nobody expected to ever have to use them
16:24into the first officer's cabin we went the chief
16:30the doc the captain and myself
16:36i hauled them out
16:38still in all their pristine newness and grease
16:44here you are
16:49i was going out when the chief officer
16:51shoved one of the revolvers into my hands with a handful of ammunition
16:57and said here you are
17:00you may need it
17:03the fact of the matter is there are far more passengers than crew
17:07british and american society at this time is hierarchical and it's rules based people will do
17:13do what they are told but not when their lives are at stake this is what the officers fear
17:19but you know check off said you can't put a gun in the room and not use it
17:24third-class passengers
17:39third-class passengers naturally gravitated towards the aftwell deck
17:43which is the outdoor space they've had use of
17:46but it is still three decks below the boat deck where the lifeboats are
18:01there was a lot of confusion with people running around crying swearing and and praying
18:11since i couldn't speak english i hardly knew what was happening
18:18i had to push people apart
18:22to find a place to walk
18:28she doesn't speak english there's no one experienced to advise her
18:32so she's working this all out with so much against her
18:36there's a sea of passengers already gathered there
18:39so eugene and anna are joining this throng of people
18:43i went up on deck
18:46people were running around
18:48the titanic being an immigrant ship must conform to american and british immigration laws
18:56and one of those laws is around quarantine
18:59maintaining steerage class passengers in areas separate from the first and second class passengers
19:06to stop the spread of disease before the third-class passengers have even boarded titanic
19:11they've had to be subjected to medical examinations
19:14they're hemmed in by locked gates
19:17and these same gates that were meant to prevent ill health
19:20are now blocking their access to the lifeboats
19:23eugene's cousin maggie tries to go back to her cabin
19:26but that corridor is under five foot of water
19:29there's no chance she can make it
19:32and she turns back
19:33all this time we knew that the water was coming up
19:37and up rapidly
19:38to know that safety is on the other side of that locked gate
19:44it must make them despair
20:02the boat was practically full
20:05and there were no other women anywhere near it
20:09when fifth officer low jumped in and ordered it lowered
20:15a young lad hardly more than a schoolboy
20:22was standing close to the rail
20:24now realizing he was to be left behind
20:28he leapt down into the boat
20:31and crawled under a seat
20:35but the officer dragged him to his feet
20:39and ordered him back onto the ship
20:42we begged for his life
20:47please give him a chance
20:49the officer drew his revolver
20:54and thrust it into his face
21:01i give you ten seconds
21:03to get back onto that ship
21:06before i blow your brains out
21:09please
21:11please
21:12the lad only begged harder
21:14please
21:15please
21:16please don't
21:17my mother said i called out
21:19don't shoot
21:20the officer
21:27suddenly changed his tone
21:30he lowered his revolver
21:34and
21:35looked the boy squarely in the eyes
21:41for god's sake be a man
21:43we have got women and children
21:45for god's sake
21:46we have women and children
21:48the little lad turned round and
21:51climbed back without a word
21:53he was not saved
21:59allow the boats
22:03to avoid another occurrence of that sort
22:09i fired my revolver
22:11as i was going down each deck
22:13because the boat wouldn't stand a sudden jerk
22:16she was loaded already with people
22:19and would not stand any more
22:25actually drawing the gun shows that the ship's officers
22:28realized that things were very very desperate indeed
22:32and of course we did not have enough lifeboats for everybody on board
22:36there are ten lifeboats left on deck now
22:39and one thousand nine hundred and sixty people still to save
22:44titanic now was so low in the water
22:47that iconic areas like the grand staircase
22:50and some of the luxury state rooms were flooding
22:53there's no doubt at all that this was unstoppable
22:56it was merely a question of time
22:58phillips told me the wireless was growing weaker
23:15jack phillips has spent the last few hours trying to communicate with other wireless operators
23:26carpathia is sailing at full speed towards titanic
23:30but she's still two hours away
23:32on the nearest ship
23:35the californian
23:36nobody recognized or responded to the distress flares
23:40but phillips still believes that as long as he can get signals out
23:44he may be of some use
23:47but now the electricity is starting to fail
23:51then he does get a message from his sister ship
23:56olympic
24:03but she seems not to understand at all
24:07what is happening to titanic
24:09and thinks titanic must be limping along sailing towards them
24:13the frustration here is now clear because the messages are not getting through
24:19for this young man in his mid-twenties
24:22i think this is the place of utmost distress
24:27right now it's clear on board ship that no rescue vessel is going to reach titanic
24:33before she sings
24:43the third-class passengers are at most risk at this moment
24:46there's the language difficulties
24:48there's probably a bit of aggression i think that's setting in
24:51annoyance frustration
24:54we had quite a number of hot-headed italians and other people who got crazy and made for the stairs
25:04these men tried to rush the stairway
25:07pushing and crowding and pulling the women down
25:10at this moment we would expect the adrenaline to kick in
25:17the body wants to survive and it gives us some sort of innate choices
25:23you might fight your way to the front physically
25:25people might freeze where they're just stuck
25:27they're in terror they don't know what to do
25:29we also see people who are turning inward
25:32and that would be turning to god as well making the sign of the cross and so on
25:35the first class deck was higher up than the steerage deck
25:39and there were some steps leading up to it and a gate at the top of the steps
25:45they tried to keep us down at first on our steerage deck at the back of the ship
25:49they're trying to keep order but by doing so in such a chaotic way they probably contribute to a greater loss of life than they realized
26:02i can't say who they were i think they were sailors
26:09they didn't want us going up to the first class place at all
26:17even though there's no direct policy preventing third-class passengers from accessing lifeboats
26:22it's clear from their testimony after the sinking that there was not a level playing field
26:27the third class were left marginalized and endangered by cruise actions
26:37there was no help of any kind to reach safety
26:48so time is ticking down the waters rising
26:51they're sandwiched in between the sea and the locked gate
26:56they're having to make life or death decisions in moments with very little information
27:06i got talking to a young swedish girl returning to the united states
27:14she knew about an emergency stairway to where the lifeboats were
27:20anna's interesting because she's come from a different environment she's come from finland
27:28where the social strata isn't quite as defined as it is in england at the time
27:33perhaps she has a little bit more leeway to not rely on following the authority figures orders
27:40we climbed the ladder up to the first class deck
27:42we climbed the ladder up to the first class deck
27:44and then an officer saw me
27:48and dragged me up to the next deck
27:52up to the next deck
27:58we passed a window
28:02and we looked into a beautiful room
28:04the tables were so beautifully set
28:08the silver and
28:10and all the furniture
28:14the other girls
28:16she wanted to
28:18kick the window out
28:20and walk in
28:22and help ourselves
28:24and
28:26i told her that they might make us pay for the broken window so
28:30we didn't
28:34there's some evidence that growing up in adverse situations
28:38actually gives you a kind of cognitive toolkit
28:40to be able to get through those situations
28:42all kinds of skills where
28:44you've needed to survive and depend on yourself
28:46and that translates really quite well to an emergency scenario
28:50the third class passengers have survived so many different challenges already
29:02they must have felt their confidence and trust in the crew and officers had gone
29:08i think these are people who are not taking no for an answer
29:12they couldn't keep them down
29:20the gate was broken
29:24all the steerage passengers went up onto the first class deck
29:28they're going to take fate into their own hands
29:30and they will get to those boats
29:34in the same way that i think when officer low fired his gun
29:36he changed the terms
29:38by breaking the gate they changed the terms
29:44i rushed
29:46to the lifeboats
29:48there seemed hundreds of people around me
29:54half the lifeboats have already gone
29:56they're in the water
29:58there's only four lifeboats at this end of the ship
30:00and the others are hundreds of yards
30:02ahead
30:04seeing only four lifeboats available
30:06and nearly 2 000 people
30:08trying to get into them
30:10there is such panic
30:12in that crowd
30:14everywhere
30:16everywhere everybody was confused
30:20i saw a lot of people
30:22catholics
30:24make the sign of the cross
30:28i had to step
30:32on many of these people to
30:34reach the side of the deck
30:40the crying of children
30:42the screaming of a woman
30:44you know these are terrifying sounds
30:46that we are programmed
30:48to have a sort of visceral reaction to
30:50i remember from living through
30:52my trauma
30:53my wounding in afghanistan
30:54sounds stay with you
30:56far more than sights
30:58that is a powerful thing for the senses
31:00to take on board
31:02and for ultimately you to then have to live with
31:04i tried to
31:06get into a lifeboat
31:08and i was pushed back
31:10and i was pushed back
31:16it seemed as though i would
31:18go down with the ship
31:20ideas about self-control and stoicism and self-sacrifice
31:34are celebrated as forms of gentlemanliness as well as manliness
31:50these are the values that they've been told to hold to
31:54and it means putting yourself second
31:58that is the ideal as far as edwardian society is concerned
32:06bruce ismay who is the managing director of the white star line
32:08his father had founded the white star line
32:10and the titanic is basically his idea
32:12this is the crowning achievement of his career
32:14the creation of this amazing
32:18opulent ship
32:20and
32:22now he can see
32:24that it is all going
32:26to the bottom of the sea
32:36did you think it was in a very serious condition
32:40as time got on
32:42as time got on
32:44i did
32:46and that the ship was sinking
32:48i did
32:50i helped for nearly two hours
32:52as far as i can judge
32:54at the starboard boats
32:56helping women and children into the boats
32:58and blurring them over the side
33:02i think the sense of responsibility
33:04for bruce ismay must have been huge
33:06and we see this in the fact
33:08that he spends time
33:10patrolling the boat deck
33:12putting people into boats
33:14instructing crew how to behave
33:16but he knows
33:18that there aren't enough lifeboats
33:20on board
33:22he knows by this point
33:24that there's no rescue ship
33:26coming anytime soon
33:28are on his conscience
33:40the ship was
33:42listing heavily
33:44in the bow
33:46somebody gave me
33:48a push
33:50towards the boat
33:52and i got in
33:54that girl and i went
33:56together
34:00the lifeboat was
34:02it was so crowded
34:18when i got to the deck of lifeboat was hanging from the davits
34:20number 13 boat
34:22number 13 boat
34:24it was pretty well filled when i got there
34:26the boatswainer knew me
34:28as i'd sailed with them and other ships before
34:30said to me you get on this boat and pull an oar
34:34fred is in the lifeboat and because you know he's one of those strong enough to be able to row it and at this stage the crew is now starting to really fill the lifeboats
34:52so i took his orders
34:54so i took his orders and i got on and she swung from the davits
34:58we had women men
35:00and two little babies
35:02one two months old
35:04and the other ten months old
35:08there is no real order
35:10people are sitting on top of one another and you know you're sort of being crushed underneath this mass of people
35:16it's suspended by davits off the side of the ship at this point
35:20it's about 18 meters above the water
35:24but every person that gets in adds that weight adds that movement adds that risk
35:30and so there has to be a point at which you say that's enough
35:34about three more people get in after i did
35:38and then the orders were given let no more on that boat or the falls will break
35:44that means looking into the whites of people's eyes and saying there's no more space
35:48there's no more space
36:04the boat was being filled with women
36:06maggie and bertha got in
36:12and i got in
36:16the officer called me to go back but i got in
36:22life was sweet to me and i wanted to save myself
36:28it's the early hours of the morning the lifeboats are being filled to the broom now overfilled naturally some male passengers want to get in they want to be with their loved ones and they just want to save their lives as any of us would
36:46they told me to get out but i didn't stir
36:54then they got a hold of me and pulled me out
37:00eugene's testimony makes me
37:02like him i think he's honest he's frank he's not trying to put a spin on his own behavior or anyone else's
37:10i get the feeling of a real historical account in its watson all attitude
37:14what's sad about this story is that most of those officers knew the people that they were turning away in the sense that they were from the same class the same kind
37:24well if i didn't save myself
37:30at least i saved the two girls
37:54captain smith had severe doubts about whether
38:00a fully laden lifeboat
38:02could be lowered properly he knew there
38:04are a lot of people waiting down at the gangway
38:06doors to get into boats
38:08and therefore he thought how can i manage
38:10to get these boats full
38:12how can i save as many
38:14of the people whose lives i am responsible
38:16for as is possible
38:18the captain came and said
38:22mr boxall you go away in that boat
38:24pointing to boat number two
38:30i tumbled into this lifeboat and started to lower her
38:34and the captain looked over and told me
38:36go around to the starboard side
38:38for the gangway doors
38:40which was practically on the opposite side to where i was lowered
38:46so boxall's lifeboat
38:48was only about 45 percent full
38:50was meant to go around to the starboard side
38:52of the ship to take on
38:54more passengers
38:56i had
38:58great difficulty in getting that boat
39:00around there
39:02there was suction
39:04i was using the stroke
39:10or standing up and there was
39:12this lady helping
39:14she was steering
39:16she was steering around the ship's stern
39:18when i passed around the boat
39:20to get to the gangway door
39:22on the starboard side
39:24her propellers were out of water
39:26but when i did eventually reach there
39:30i found that there was such a mob standing at the gangway doors
39:36if they jumped
39:54they'd swap the boat
39:56i
39:58don't
40:00go alongside
40:02she was only a small boat
40:04and
40:10boxall should have made sure
40:12that he filled the lifeboat up
40:14and take necessary action to make sure he wasn't swamped
40:16he was in a position to do that
40:18and he didn't
40:20and
40:22it's a really tricky one because
40:24yes
40:25crew should follow orders
40:26and the structure of discipline is how you can try and create some form of order
40:30in moments of chaos
40:32there is a good reason
40:34why
40:35you know
40:36in circumstances
40:37we are not to question orders
40:39having said that
40:40it's all well and good
40:41one of your superiors giving you an order
40:44but they're not seeing the circumstances that you are witnessing
40:50i pulled off and laid off
40:54until i
40:56pulled away about a quarter of a mile i suppose
41:20so the instinct to row away is very normal very human
41:30everybody wants to get away from the scene of an accident or a disaster
41:34and this ship is huge
41:36people have never seen anything this big
41:44captain smith is out there with his megaphone barking orders
41:48bring those boats back
41:50for the lifeboats to come back and pick up other passengers
42:03it's almost instinctive and it's driven into you from the day you join the royal navy or the merchant navy
42:09that you obey your captain and do as he says he is god in a sense
42:13and therefore not to do as you are told
42:16is a heinous crime
42:22quartermaster hitchens who is in command of one of the lifeboats said it's our lives now not theirs
42:29i find that quite extraordinary
42:31the bottom line should be i want to save as many as i can
42:34it's our lives now not theirs
42:38this is the moment of mutiny
42:40this is when all order has broken down
42:44we are not going to stand by anymore and drown because you tell us to
42:49fair enough
42:51fair enough
42:58we had gone
42:59perhaps
43:00half a mile
43:02when the officer ordered the men to cease rowing
43:10no other boat was in sight
43:12we didn't even have a lantern to signal with
43:15we lay there
43:18in the silence and darkness of that calm sea
43:30no sound reached us
43:34except the music from the band
43:37which i was aware of for the first time
43:40those
43:43brave musicians
43:47they were playing lively tunes
43:54ragtime
43:59i will never forget the terrible beauty of the titanic at that moment
44:03i started to count the rows of lights
44:21one
44:23two
44:26three
44:28four
44:30five
44:33i stopped
44:36surely i had
44:39miscounted
44:44i
44:45went over them again
44:47more carefully and
44:49i'd made no mistake
44:53there are only five decks now
44:55as if all could read my mind
44:58the women in the boat started to
45:01weep
45:03some silently
45:04some
45:06unrestrainedly
45:14just before launching the last lifeboats
45:17i'd made my final hurried visit to the emergency stairway
45:21to gauge how quickly she was going down
45:22it was then conclusively evident that not only was she going but she was going very soon
45:38even in pants and sweater over pajamas alone i was in a bath of perspiration
45:40if we were to avoid the disgrace of going down with lifeboats still hanging to the davits there wasn't one moment to lose
45:55the forward well deck was under water
46:11i saw philips still sending away
46:13i suspect many people on the ship by now are in an altered state which we know is what happens when people are facing death
46:21jack philips won't leave his post
46:25it is a clear single focus on what you believe to be right
46:30and he believes the right thing to do is to stay there until it's all over
46:36again philips called cqd and sos for nearly five minutes and got no reply
46:40we now realized the awful state of affairs the ship listing heavily to port and forward
46:56i thought it was about time to look about and see if there was anything that would float
47:01i remembered that every member of the crew had a lifebelt
47:04and then i thought how cold the water was
47:08i remembered i had some boots and i put those on
47:11and an extra jacket
47:13we picked up the olympic and told that we were sinking by the head and were about all down
47:17philips is leading from the front
47:21he's a hero
47:23it's easier to understand
47:26fear and self-interest
47:30than it is to understand
47:31sacrifice and heroism
47:35especially now in our world
47:37we think that everything is about greed and me first
47:41that generation did not
47:44as philips was sending the message i strapped the lifebelt to his back
47:48i'd already put on his overcoat
47:50wondered if i could get him into his boots
47:52just at that moment the captain came into the cabin
47:56and said men you have done your full duty
47:59you can do no more
48:01abandon your cabin
48:03now it's every man for himself
48:05i release you
48:09every man for himself now
48:11in the conflicts i trained for
48:13it's unimaginable that we would ever find ourselves in a circumstance where it was every man for themselves
48:17all of the order has been lost
48:19and actually trying to maintain that order
48:23whether it's you know pointing a gun at a crowd or you know screaming at the top of your voice
48:29all you're doing in that circumstance is wasting energy
48:31the last of the hard-hulled lifeboats have been dispatched but there is still two collapsible lifeboats left on the boat deck
48:49they're a little bit more flimsy but they still are a lifeline
48:58there was some disturbance loading the last two forward boats
49:05a large crowd of men were pressing to get into them
49:09though there were many crew and men lined up with apparently not a thought at attempting to board the boats without orders
49:17without orders
49:22i saw bruce ismay who
49:25had been assisting
49:27in loading the last boat
49:29push his way into it
49:31really was every man for himself
49:36bruce ismay decides to save himself
49:39he is about the only man on board who can't be ordered out of that spot by any of the remaining crew
49:53you were one of those as the managing director responsible for determining the number of lifeboats
50:06yes in conjunction with these shipbuilders
50:10when you got into the boat you thought that the titanic was sinking
50:14i did
50:16did you know that there were some hundreds of people on that ship
50:19yes
50:21who must go down with her
50:23yes i did
50:27there's a load of lifeboats
50:29has it occurred to you that you as the responsible managing director deciding the number of boats
50:35owed your life to every other person on that ship
50:39it has not
50:41i have searched my mind with the deepest care
50:45i am sure i did nothing that i shouldn't have done
50:48my conscience is clear
50:51i took a chance of escape when it came to me
50:54i did not seek it
50:56it is true i am president of the company
50:59but i didn't consider myself any different from the rest of the passengers
51:04i took no other man's place
51:15i took no man's place
51:17this is palpably untrue
51:20but i think he must believe it
51:23i think that bruce ismay comes from a class of society
51:27who believes that they have everything they have because of grit and character
51:34i mean it's like being a billionaire today in a world of hungry people
51:39the only way you can live with yourself is to imagine that you deserve it in some way
51:45and so i think that bruce ismay believes
51:50he believes
51:52contrary to all rational fact
51:55that he hasn't taken someone else's place
51:57even though he really must know internally that he has
52:00there was a terrible crowd standing about
52:17the officer in charge pointed a revolver
52:21waved his hand and said that if any man
52:29tried to get in
52:31he'd shoot him on the spot
52:33if anyone tries to answer
52:35i will shoot him
52:37two men tried to break through and he shot them both
52:39i saw him shoot them
52:50i saw them lying
52:53one seemed to be dead
52:56the other was trying to pull himself up at the side of the deck but he couldn't
53:01i tried to get to the boat myself
53:07but was afraid i would be shot
53:10and stayed back
53:11and stayed back
53:29when we rode away from the titanic
53:33my face was towards the sinking steamer
53:35the things i saw i'll never forget
53:49i saw an officer shoot himself through the temple with a revolver
54:02the story of the officer shooting himself is contested even the name of the officer is in dispute
54:20you're meant to help others not shoot them and you're certainly not meant to shoot yourself
54:24when you make a mistake
54:27i saw the officer himself lying on the deck
54:33they told me he shot himself
54:35it's not a line of inquiry that is pursued
54:39and i think that is because in edwardian society there is such a taboo around death by suicide
54:48it looks like the easy way out though it can hardly have been so
54:52it suggests that the people who did it have failed that test of being an edwardian man
55:00which is to demonstrate heroism and courage and stoicism in the face of disaster
55:10death stares everyone in the face
55:11death stares everyone in the face
55:27some will escape some won't
55:40jack phillips he's young but he's responsible he's self-reliant
55:48self-reliant he thinks he's going to die and so he decides to die doing his best for everyone else
56:02phillips clung on for about 10 minutes after the captain had released him
56:13i learned to love him that night
56:14i suddenly felt for him a great reverence to see him standing there sticking to his work
56:26while everybody else was raging about
56:35i will never forget the work of phillips for those last awful minutes
56:44he was a brave man
56:54people find themselves facing this life or death moment together
56:58titanic broke in two before my eyes striking water was like a thousand knives being driven into one's
57:06body to die slowly within a shot of people who might save your life there's a particular cruelty to that
57:25so
57:35so
57:36so
57:37I don't know.
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