- 7 months ago
Category
📺
TVTranscript
00:00La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
00:30La historia de los homo sapiens
01:00La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:02La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:34La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:36La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:38La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:40La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:42La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:44La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:46La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:48La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:50La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:52La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:54La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:56La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
01:58La historia de los primeros homo sapiens
02:00Desde nuestros primeros primeros pasos
02:05a las migraciones que nos llevaron a través de los continentes
02:11y nuestros encuentros con otras especies humanas que nos encontramos
02:19a lo largo del camino.
02:21Es pequeño, es realmente pequeño.
02:23Yo puedo ver por qué se llamarían The Hobbit.
02:27Desde los primeros marcadores que hicimos en las paredes caídas
02:31hasta el crecimiento de las ciudades.
02:40Estos son los eventos inagentes que nos han armado.
02:45Momento de esperanza, pero también ingenuidad de belleza y destrucción.
02:50Esto es nosotros. Esto es nuestra historia.
02:57Y es lo que sucedió en el 99% de nuestra historia
03:01antes de la inventación de escribir.
03:03Cuando nuestra historia no estaba escrito en libros,
03:06pero en nuestra sangre y en la DNA.
03:08Esta es la historia de cómo nos convertimos humanos.
03:20Esta historia comienza en África,
03:48en un tiempo hace mucho tiempo.
03:54En un mundo antes de existiríamos en todo.
04:03En muchas maneras, este mundo se sentiría familiar.
04:07Pero hay una diferencia cruciala.
04:19Esta es la historia de no uno,
04:26pero por muchos otros tipos de humanos.
04:33We're used to living in a world filled with other species
04:42Over 8 million share our planet with us
04:46But there is only one of us
04:49Only one human species
04:52Homo sapiens
04:53And so it's really easy to forget
04:55That it wasn't always like this
04:57The world before us was alive with other human activity
05:02Around 6 million years before homo sapiens appeared
05:08Some primates left the trees
05:14They started walking upright
05:19And over time began using stone tools
05:23These toolmakers became the earliest form of human
05:31Over millions of years
05:36These humans continued to evolve
05:38Forming a diverse family tree
05:43Of different human species
05:45Who were these other humans
05:52And how are we connected to them
05:54Well they're all part of our extended family
05:57So our parents, grandparents, great aunts, cousins
06:01Some were our ancestors, others just relatives
06:04But all of them were part of our lineage
06:07Our family tree that spanned millennia
06:10Around the time homo sapiens emerged
06:15There were at least six different human species
06:20And using the latest scientific data
06:26We can reconstruct what they might have looked like
06:30There were so many species of human
06:32You had Homo erectus, an ancestor of ours
06:36And an incredibly successful species
06:37Because they lived for about 2 million years
06:39Now Homo erectus was actually the first in our genus to leave Africa
06:50And we also think that they were the first to use fire
06:56There's also Homo neanderthalensis
07:02Who you probably know as the Neanderthals
07:05Neanderthals lived in Europe
07:11But all the way into Central Asia
07:13They were cold adapted
07:14And they were expert hunters
07:20There was also Homo floresiensis
07:26Who some people affectionately call the Hobbit
07:29Because they were only about a metre tall
07:37So that's about three and a half feet
07:39Tiny and yet adapted for living on an island
07:45It seems like a fantastical world
07:51And I can't help it
07:53It reminds me of Lord of the Rings
07:55Only instead of a world with elves and dwarfs
07:59You had a magical place with other humans
08:03The human family tree had many branches
08:13But which branch did Homo sapiens first emerge from?
08:20We don't know for sure
08:30But we're getting closer than ever to finding out
08:33For the longest time
08:47For the longest time we thought we knew the origins of our species
09:05We thought we began 200,000 years ago in East Africa
09:08But new revelations from out here in Morocco
09:16From a part of Africa
09:18That people weren't really considering
09:21Are forcing us to rethink our very first steps on this planet
09:26In a remote cave in North West Africa
09:34A chance discovery uncovered some mysterious human remains
09:39Someone unexpected was living here
09:48Thousands of years earlier than we imagined
09:56How are you doing?
09:57How are you doing?
09:58How are you doing?
09:59How are you?
10:00How are you doing?
10:01How are you?
10:01How are you doing?
10:01Thanks
10:03Half 무슨
10:10Good stuff
10:11Looking
10:26Situation
10:28Esta es la parte que se ha convertido en todo lo que vivimos.
10:46Este es el 1º Jabal Erhud, y fue un misterio completo porque algunos de sus características son muy parecidas,
10:54Es muy homo sapiens, y otros son mucho más viejos, mucho más primitivo.
11:01Si miras a este individuo,
11:05su face es mucho como el de nosotros.
11:08El homo sapiens es increíble, tiene increíble features increíble.
11:15Se descanse dentro de nuestro cerebro.
11:19Si imagina una humana prehistorica,
11:22y siempre imagina una más prognafic,
11:25un más jutting-forwards face.
11:28Este individuo es más más cortado,
11:30pero hay algunas cosas que no nos son.
11:35Notice esta broma rígida,
11:37esta supera-orbital estructura.
11:39Ahora, miradme.
11:41No hay modernos humanos hoy con estos gigantes
11:45de los ojos en el de sus ojos.
11:47Es decir, sería muy triste si hubiera eso.
11:49Now, the brain case
11:51Is not us
11:53You see how round my brain case is
11:56It's globular
11:57Whereas this is almost stretched out
11:59It's almost like somebody's got my brain case
12:01But kind of stretched the back of it out
12:03It's almost like
12:04Straight on
12:07The face is homo sapiens
12:09But from
12:11The other angles
12:13It's not us
12:19These finds posed a mystery
12:26They were anomalies that didn't fit neatly
12:29Into the human family tree
12:30They looked partly like homo sapiens
12:39And partly like an earlier human
12:45So the question was
12:56Was this a different species
12:59Or could it be an early version of us
13:02Several decades
13:15After the initial discoveries
13:17Came a breakthrough
13:18Archaeologists uncovered
13:22Another 16 fossils
13:24All with the same blend of features
13:28First of all
13:36The first
13:39She's trying to do
13:41This is the child
13:42This is the father
13:43This is the father
13:44The father
13:45And how many years
13:47The age
13:48About 8 years
13:50Con cada encontro de nuevo, la evidencia se creó.
14:07Estas no eran algunos otros especies, sino los homosapiens, con señores de un antiguo anterior.
14:20Pero no fue hasta que los arqueólogos pudieron más acúrate de los remains, que la última pieza de la puzzle se quedó en lugar.
14:34Los arqueólogos, usando nuevas y mejorando técnicas, pudieron dar datos para estos fósiles.
14:42Y ellos nos dijeron que estos individuos vivían alrededor de 300,000 años atrás.
14:48Y eso es mind-boggling, porque nosotros pensamos que nuestra especie era solo 200,000 años.
14:55Lo que estos fósiles nos dicen es que nuestra especie, homosapiens, es 100,000 años older que pensamos.
15:04Estamos un tercero de lo que pensamos.
15:36ever found and they have forced us to rethink other finds across africa
15:46which are painting an entirely new picture of our origins suggesting that jabal irhud
15:55was just one of many emerging populations all in the process of taking shape
16:02it's it's a bit like having a peek behind the curtain of evolution this is a stage
16:13in the journey to becoming us
16:25i wonder what it would feel like to come face to face with one of the people from jabal irhud
16:32is
16:42if we were to look into their eyes
16:45into those quite delicate features would we see ourselves within them
17:00the answer is they were not modern humans like us not yet
17:04they were an earlier stage in our evolutionary journey bridging the gap between us and our
17:17ancient human ancestors
17:27our emergence was actually slow and honestly at the beginning we were just not that special
17:34now early iterations of homo sapiens like jabal irhud were popping up all over africa
17:39we once believed in a single origin a sole cradle of humanity in east africa
17:50but our story is far richer and more interesting
17:55the latest evidence suggests we emerged gradually across thousands of miles
18:07and over hundreds of thousands of years
18:17and it's a little bit of a lifetime of human consciousness
18:19that's the only thing that this way
18:23is all about us
18:23that we have been a part of our society
18:24we don't know it's a quality of
18:34¡Suscríbete al canal!
19:04It's in East Africa's Great Rift Valley that we can trace the next chapter of our story.
19:20This dynamic landscape holds some of the clearest evidence of the forces that set our species on a radically new path.
19:34When they say the Great Rift Valley of East Africa is a dramatic place, they're not kidding.
19:47I mean, look at it. I can literally hear it bubbling behind me.
19:52And it's the result of a geological process that sees three tectonic plates tearing away from each other, which results in a dynamic landscape.
20:01And even though this part doesn't look that hospitable, it has been a home to people for a very long time.
20:13This is one of the most fossil-rich regions in Africa.
20:26It's unusual geology has not only preserved human remains, but also offers a glimpse into the forces that drove our evolution.
20:36So, within the lake beds here, if you dig deep, you can actually extract sediment cores.
20:48Now, one here in Ethiopia was about 280 metres deep.
20:56So, that represents over 600,000 years.
21:00And within that sediment, it's a bit like a time machine, because bits of ancient environment are trapped.
21:07By analysing these sediment layers, scientists have uncovered a window into the world some of the earliest Homo sapiens were living in.
21:22The information from the sediment cores has been collated into this graph.
21:27And when you zoom out, it actually paints a really interesting picture.
21:31Because for the first 300,000 years, you see a period of relative climate stability.
21:37But then, around 275,000 years ago, something shifts.
21:42And we see a period of fluctuations, volatility between humid and arid periods in a way that just wasn't happening before.
21:52Now, East and West Africa are linked in a kind of climate seesaw.
21:57So, when one is humid, the other is arid and vice versa.
22:06Over thousands of years, wild climate swings engulfed Africa.
22:12Plunging, fledgling populations of Homo sapiens.
22:26Into a world of extremes.
22:43Ecosystems were destroyed.
22:53Rivers and lakes swelled.
23:00Cutting people off from one another.
23:07Elsewhere, grasslands turned to desert.
23:12Survival was a battle against relentless change.
23:33I do think that when we look at these zoomed out graphs, we sometimes make a vital error.
23:38We forget to zoom back in.
23:41After all, human evolution is about humans.
23:44There are people like you and me experiencing the peaks and troughs of those graphs.
23:54People who are suddenly facing droughts or flash floods or perhaps the disappearance of a food source.
23:59Entire communities found themselves isolated.
24:12Entire communities found themselves isolated.
24:14Some populations dwindled.
24:23Some populations dwindled.
24:27The ones who couldn't adapt died out.
24:38No adaptó, died out.
24:40Esta lucha para la salvación podría haber quitado Homo sapiens de todo el mundo.
25:10Pero no lo hizo, tenía el efecto contrario.
25:19Nos llevó hacia adelante.
25:29Posteriormente, poblaciones isoladas aprendieron nuevas habilidades.
25:39Los que pudieron adaptarse y innovar tenían una mejor oportunidad de sobrevivir.
25:52Entonces, cuando el clima cambió, los grupos se volvieron juntos.
25:58Ellos compartieron habilidades y, crucialmente, intercambiaron.
26:05Pasen beneficiosos a sus hijos.
26:14Es un proceso que empezó a cambiarnos permanentemente.
26:21La gente que sobrevivió emergieron más fuerte que nunca.
26:30La gente que trabajó en el mundo.
26:49¡Suscríbete al canal!
27:19¡Suscríbete al canal!
27:49¡Suscríbete al canal!
27:51¡Suscríbete al canal!
27:53¡Suscríbete al canal!
27:55¡Suscríbete al canal!
27:57¡Suscríbete al canal!
27:59¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:01¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:03¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:05¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:07¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:09¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:11¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:13¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:15¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:17¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:19¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:21¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:23¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:25¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:27¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:29¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:31¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:33¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:35¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:37¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:39¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:41¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:43¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:45¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:47¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:49¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:51¡Suscríbete al canal!
28:53¿Qué ocurrió en África en este momento pivoteoso?
29:02Porque lo que sucedió entonces nos cambió siempre.
29:17¿Qué empezó a diversas, poblaciones escatadas?
29:23En el caso de la adversidad, nos juntó.
29:33Propeñando a nos convertir una especie más fuerte, más inteligente.
29:53¿Qué empezó a diversas, poblaciones escatadas?
29:56¿Qué empezó a diversas, poblaciones escatadas?
29:58¿Qué empezó a diversas?
30:00¿Qué empezó a diversas, poblaciones escatadas?
30:02¿Qué empezó a diversas?
30:04en la historia humana.
30:10Y uno de esos fósiles es el Hertha I.
30:13Ese es uno de los más significados homo sapiens fósiles que ha sido encontrado.
30:18Y eso es porque este individuo es uno de los primeros en nuestra línea que podemos describir
30:25como un humano anatomicamente moderno.
30:28Esas características y gerenChalaga sonлизas son normalmente similares a las las de tus y en mi.
30:35Y si lo miras, en esta individua, comparad a Jabal Arahod,
30:39lo miras cómo exigna se es.
30:41Algunas personas pusieron este idea que ha sido un suplazamiento en el cerebro
30:49que quizás la forma de la cabeza refleja en la organización.
30:55Este proceso de globularización ha sido relacionado a las habilidades de lenguaje y co-ordinación.
31:01Y es muy emocionante para considerar que este cambio en forma refleja un cambio muy significativo
31:12en la manera que los homosapiens estaban empezando a pensar.
31:16These larger, reorganized brains had slowly but surely opened a gap between homosapiens and our ancestors.
31:32But it wasn't only the size and shape of our brains that set us apart.
31:39One of the lines of evidence for this are actually the teeth.
31:43Now, scientists have discovered that if you look very closely at the teeth,
31:46what you find are very fine lines called perichimata that represent about a week in the life of an individual.
31:53So that means you can count how long an individual has been alive, a bit like tree rings.
32:00And so if you look at a Homo erectus individual and compare it to, say, a Homo sapiens living today,
32:09the way our species takes an incredibly long time to get to sexual maturity.
32:17From the lines in their teeth, we know that Homo sapiens' children were growing up much more slowly than earlier humans.
32:25The thinking behind it is that we needed a really long time to learn how to use these brains of ours.
32:39And the longer that you exist in childhood, the longer you have to learn.
32:48And so this thing that is a real headache to so many parents out there today,
32:58that our children take so long to become fully formed,
33:01that might actually be a huge key to our success.
33:07Reorganized minds and longer childhoods.
33:17Our brains and bodies had evolved.
33:25At last, we were Homo sapiens who physically looked like us.
33:30It was some of these anatomically modern Homo sapiens that began to step out into the wider world.
33:55But beyond Africa was already home to other humans.
34:05Neanderthals had spread across Central Asia and Europe.
34:12Other parts of Asia were populated by multiple species, including Homo erectus.
34:26And there is evidence in the Middle East of an early group of Homo sapiens.
34:36Who followed in the footsteps of these other human species.
34:40I do love thinking about those huge moments in our history, like when Homo sapiens first left Africa.
34:55It was a massive achievement, even though they would have had no idea of the significance of it.
35:01And it's amazing to think that it happened so early on in our story.
35:07But it's in the Levant that I think things get really interesting.
35:15Evidence has been uncovered of a community of Homo sapiens living in caves in what is now Israel.
35:22And it's in this place they would have encountered something unexpected.
35:33There is one mountain called Mount Carmel where one cave called School has been found with Homo sapiens.
35:44And another cave on the same mountain called Tabum Cave has been found with Neanderthal individuals.
35:52And these two peoples were living at the same time.
35:58It is kind of wonderful to think about.
36:07And of course the Neanderthals were not an African species.
36:11They were used to living outside of Africa.
36:14Whereas for us this was still very, very new.
36:16Two species sharing the same mountain.
36:28We don't know if they interacted.
36:36But we do know that while Neanderthals remained in the region.
36:41All traces of this group of Homo sapiens vanished.
36:47Their bloodline died out completely.
36:57What is most fascinating about these Homo sapiens isn't who they met.
37:03It isn't even what they achieved.
37:05It's that all of these early dispersals failed.
37:09We know from genetic evidence that those Homo sapiens are not the ones who would go on to ultimately populate the planet.
37:28This failed migration was a stark reminder of our fragility.
37:31These people looked like us.
37:44But there was something missing.
37:45There was something missing.
37:54Because what really defines our species isn't how we look.
37:58It's not even the size of our brains.
38:01It's something else altogether.
38:04It's something else altogether.
38:16While these early migrants vanished.
38:17Populations in Africa thrived.
38:23Displaying that special essence that makes us who we are.
38:30A way of thinking and behaving that would set Homo sapiens apart.
38:49And some of the earliest traces of it can be found in this remote cave in Botswana.
39:12This is a very large natural outcrop.
39:27And as you can see goes on and on.
39:31It's seven meters long.
39:33The front has a natural slit for a mouth.
39:38And a natural depression for an eye.
39:40And even if you want to go that far, a nostril up at the front.
39:45Right.
39:46With the head rearing up, it does, in modern eyes, look like a snake.
39:59The overall form has been altered to make it look even more snake-like.
40:04There are over 300 indentations that have been ground into the surface over what is obviously an extended period of time.
40:17When the initial excavations were conducted, they absolutely revealed a number of questions.
40:23One of the things they found was an extremely large number of tools that appeared to be manufactured and then just left there in pristine condition.
40:37These look gorgeous. I mean, they're absolutely stunning.
40:40Once they were manufactured, then you did one of three things with it.
40:44You either manufactured it perfectly and just left it.
40:49Yeah.
40:50Or more interestingly, you burnt it.
40:58But not burnt to just like throwing it in a bonfire.
41:01It's controlled burning.
41:11And the third and most bizarre thing that they did with them is they made it, manufactured it perfectly, and when they were finished, turned it over, smashed it in the middle.
41:24These are offerings, aren't they?
41:25Yeah.
41:27The only thing that makes sense, the best fit, is that they're sacrifices, they're offerings.
41:34They're not doing it for fun.
41:36They feel that coming up and doing this act would satisfy some kind of a need, some kind of a wish, some kind of a desire.
41:45Although it's absolutely magnificent during the daytime, it comes to life at night.
41:58We can't speak to these people, but this, this whole place, it gets us so much closer.
42:14To what they were thinking, what was going on inside.
42:17Yeah.
42:18We had always had the impression that this type of abstract thinking would have been beyond the ancestors at that time.
42:29And now we definitely have evidence that that was absolutely wrong.
42:33That they obviously had the ability to hold abstract thought.
42:38You make an offering and hope for something back.
42:41Asking for probably some of the things that we would ask for, food, health, children, et cetera, et cetera.
42:48And you just think, oh my gosh, that's some of the, that's some of the earliest behavior that we know so well.
42:58Some believe the people who performed these rituals must have been holding abstract ideas in their heads.
43:13Imagining things they couldn't see.
43:16A clue their minds were sparking and forming connections in a new way.
43:21When I see this, this is what moves me.
43:32Because this is who we are in a way that feels more us than bones.
43:41See, it is so familiar to us.
43:50We know this behavior.
43:52This is ritual.
43:53Whether it is religion and spirituality, or things like the handshake, or birthdays, graduation ceremonies, Burning Man, Glastonbury, New Year's Eve.
44:03We are, as a species, obsessed with ritual.
44:07It is profoundly and fundamentally Homo sapiens behavior.
44:12It's us.
44:13We know it.
44:14We know it.
44:22It was as if they were able to see beyond the tangible.
44:27They were thinking beyond what was just in front of them.
44:33They were venturing into the unknown and into the unseen.
44:44We know it.
44:49Behavior like this marked a new chapter in our species story.
44:57Our minds were awakening.
45:00Opening up to a world of possibility.
45:09This wasn't confined to ritual.
45:11It touched every part of our lives.
45:34Around 17,000 years ago, new weapons began appearing across southern Africa.
45:41Homo sapiens were using abstract thought to innovate.
45:52Inventing complex projectile weapons like the bow and arrow.
45:58We were seeing the world not just as it was, but as it could be.
46:13It takes a lot to see the potential in a piece of wood.
46:17Projectile weapons were revolutionary technology for us humans.
46:21Because up until now, we'd been using close range hunting strategies, which were less effective, less lethal, and yet more dangerous for the person holding the weapon.
46:31For over two million years, early humans mostly relied on axes and spears.
46:42But homo sapiens imagined unseen forces, like the power held in wood and string.
46:56Creating something entirely new.
47:06If you look at this bow and arrow, you can see how much knowledge is required.
47:10You need to know where to get the wood for the bow, you need to know about the glue, you need to know about the glue, you need to know how taut the string should be.
47:24So many elements that require not just knowledge, but the ability to pass that knowledge on.
47:28Something like this is not the result of one person's genius.
47:32It's the result of many, many people over many generations inventing, reinventing, perfecting, tinkering.
47:41We weren't just inventing, we were adapting and expanding our knowledge.
47:54Human culture was becoming more complex, that technology was exploding.
48:06Now, many of us think that this is a result of something called cumulative culture.
48:11The idea that you accumulate culture.
48:14So every generation builds upon the previous generation's science and technology.
48:19With cumulative culture, Homo sapiens were becoming collectively smarter with every generation.
48:35And as our numbers increased, this was more powerful than any weapon.
48:41A giant leap towards becoming the species we are today.
49:01When was our species truly born?
49:06Was it when we first appeared?
49:12Or when we started to look like modern humans?
49:22Or was it when our minds lit up?
49:27Creating, inventing and building on our knowledge?
49:31Each was a crucial step in our evolution.
49:46But none would be possible without one special ingredient.
49:50The glue that binds all of our achievements together.
50:05It leaves no direct fossil evidence, but we can find traces of it in some unexpected places.
50:13In archaeology, sometimes the smallest vines actually tell the grandest of stories.
50:25These are tiny marine shells.
50:30And shells like this have been found in caves in South Africa.
50:34And they are just too small to have been collected for meat.
50:37If you look really closely, what you see is that they have holes in them.
50:43Now, some of these were collected because they already had holes.
50:46But others were perforated by Homo sapiens.
50:50A really close examination of the shells in these caves show that they had wear marks on them, consistent with having them.
51:08With having been worn on the body.
51:22So that, along with these holes in them, well, it's really easy to paint a picture of them.
51:37Having a picture of them having been strung and turned into jewellery.
51:44These weren't just beads. They were emblems.
51:59Symbols of value and meaning.
52:04Shared and understood by everyone.
52:08They've been found with pigment on them.
52:22And it's always the same coloured pigment.
52:26It's red ochre.
52:27Even though ochre comes in yellow, black and red.
52:31It's always red.
52:36Perhaps you were trading them for food, for goods.
52:41Perhaps you'd give them as some kind of a gift at a wedding.
52:44Perhaps they were just a sign of friendliness.
52:47And you can also imagine that people would be wearing them to make themselves look good.
52:52It would perhaps be a sign of prestige.
52:54The making and sharing of these beads was one more sign our species had made another revolutionary leap.
53:12The ability to pass on knowledge and technology, sharing rituals and traditions.
53:22All these things suggests Homo sapiens were passing sophisticated ideas from one mind to another.
53:31Our species had unlocked the power of complex language.
53:41The most remarkable thing about these shells is that they have been found, not just in South Africa, but all over Africa.
53:50From the south all the way to the north in Morocco and Algeria.
53:55Not just along the coasts, but all the way inland.
54:00And that, for me, is so exciting.
54:06Because when you look at this, you might think, oh my god, isn't that amazing?
54:12Humans have a kind of cultural expression that they never had before.
54:23While earlier humans probably had basic language.
54:30It's thought Homo sapiens were speaking to each other in a more complex way.
54:35Weaving a shared culture.
54:40And forging an invisible bond.
54:45And forging an invisible bond.
54:47That united our species across the entire continent.
54:58All over Africa, we understood the cultural symbolism of these beads.
55:05Somebody was telling you this shell is important, not that shell.
55:10Red is important, not the other colours.
55:14We had an understanding that wasn't just you, me and our three families.
55:19You, me and the village next door.
55:21We had a kind of symbolism and understanding and interconnectedness that was continent-wide.
55:31This has never happened before.
55:34For me, this is the birth of our species.
55:46Our species' birth wasn't a single moment.
55:49It unfolded over millennia.
55:51Complex language and our powerful shared culture finally set us apart from humans before us.
56:06We had become one connected, cooperative species.
56:10We had become Homo sapiens.
56:15The ancestors of us all.
56:30Sometimes in life, things come together.
56:32And this was a coming together for our species.
56:35It was a perfect storm.
56:40You had a change in brain.
56:42You had language.
56:43Increased numbers.
56:44Increased connectivity.
56:45Cumulative culture.
56:46Better technology and weaponry.
56:49And the right climate.
56:51But through all of this, there is a hidden threat.
56:56Our secret weapon is that we are a social, cooperative species.
57:02Friendliness, it turns out, is our superpower.
57:07We are more than the sum of our parts.
57:11Whether it's ritual, technology, language, all of it comes down to cooperation, in my opinion.
57:19And that's how you go from a species that started off feebly, unremarkably,
57:26to one that would become so extraordinary.
57:32One ready to explore this planet.
57:56Next time, we follow our ancestors as they spread beyond Africa.
58:05Taking on extreme environments no others could master.
58:10Traveling beyond the realm of another extraordinary species of human.
58:16The Hobbit.
58:18The Hobbit.
58:19The Hobbit.
58:20The Hobbit.
58:21The Hobbit.
58:22The Hobbit.
58:23The Hobbit.
58:24The Hobbit.
58:25The Hobbit.
58:26The Hobbit.
58:27The Hobbit.
58:28The Hobbit.
58:29The Hobbit.
58:30The Hobbit.
58:31The Hobbit.
58:32The Hobbit.
58:33The Hobbit.
58:34The Hobbit.
58:35The Hobbit.
58:36The Hobbit.
58:37The Hobbit.
58:38The Hobbit.
58:39The Hobbit.
58:40The Hobbit.
58:41The Hobbit.
58:42The Hobbit.
58:43The Hobbit.
58:44The Hobbit.
58:45The Hobbit.
58:46The Hobbit.
58:47Gracias por ver el video.
Comments