00:00Who are the Russian propagandists sanctioned by the EU?
00:06How can you clamp down on propagandists?
00:09Well, according to the European Union, with sanctions.
00:13On 15 December, 12 people were handed sanctions for participating in pro-Kremlin foreign manipulation and interference operations.
00:22Three of them are Westerners with close ties to Moscow, who participate in pro-Russian disinformation campaigns.
00:28John Mark Dugan, an American who acquired dual Russian nationality.
00:33A former deputy sheriff from Florida, he has been pushing the copycat network of sham news websites.
00:39This operation mimics legitimate European and American news organizations through fake outlets,
00:45inserting propaganda narratives into videos and articles which are often produced with the help of AI.
00:51Xavier Moreau, a French citizen of Russian nationality.
00:54The former military officer spreads pro-Kremlin propaganda through his blog.
00:58He also appears as a commentator in Russian and fringe French media.
01:02Jacques Bour, a former Swiss intelligence officer turned propagandist and also a media commentator.
01:08We spoke to Hervé Le Tocqueur from Czech First, a company which tracks disinformation about their profiles.
01:15On a aujourd'hui des profils comme Xavier Moreau, on a des profils comme John Mark Dugan,
01:20qui sont des gens qui représentent une certaine forme de patriotisme,
01:26qui ont été des anciens militaires, des anciens personnes impliquées dans les services de renseignement,
01:30un ancien shérif par exemple.
01:31Donc on voit bien que ces personnages sont particulièrement intéressants pour le régime,
01:35parce qu'ils ont une autorité de fait ou supposée qui leur permet de diffuser ces narratifs.
01:44The goal of sanctions is to incite listed individuals to change their behavior.
01:49While they can appeal against sanctions,
01:51these are also regularly reviewed, often on a six-month basis.
01:55The goal of sanctions is to make sure that they have a lot of sanctions on the side of the side of the side of the side of the side of the side of the side.
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