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00:00¡Suscríbete al canal!
00:30The deterrent effect of submarines is you can't wipe them out because you don't know where they are.
00:41Technological advances make it possible for submarines to fire ballistic missiles from underwater.
00:48Equipped with nuclear warheads, they can wipe out almost any population center at the touch of a button.
00:54And so, a deadly game of cat and mouse is played in the world's oceans.
01:00Submarines are like people. They have very precise signatures, like their fingerprints.
01:07To protect themselves from the nuclear threat, navies improved their listening systems,
01:13using cables on the ocean floor and towing sonar arrays from helicopters.
01:18The Soviets didn't realize quite how vulnerable they were.
01:21In this cold war between the West and the Soviet Union,
01:24each navy knows that any attack will be met with an equally fatal retaliation.
01:28We hoped there would be no war, but we were always ready for it.
01:39With nuclear weapons, at any moment, the crew of a warship can be ordered to light the fuse that will incinerate the world.
01:46What, who?
02:07¡Gracias!
02:37¡Gracias!
03:07Marine Edgar Harrell
03:12Is part of the attack
03:14It was at Okinawa
03:16That we were preparing
03:19The beachhead for them to land
03:21But at Okinawa
03:23We were
03:24In Japan's
03:27Front door
03:28And everything that they could throw at us
03:31They would
03:32For five days
03:39Men like Edgar Harrell
03:41Aboard American warships
03:42Fire on Okinawa
03:43Their purpose
03:45Is to destroy Japanese defences
03:47On April 1st 1945
03:55US soldiers stormed the beaches of Okinawa
04:02There was no understanding
04:04That the Japanese would give up at that point
04:06Japanese army, for example
04:09Was extremely enthusiastic
04:10About fighting a bloody battle
04:13In southern Japan
04:15The Japanese send their last warships
04:19To the Battle of Okinawa
04:20Among them, the Yamato
04:22The largest battleship ever built
04:24A suicide mission
04:27In the face of U.S. superiority
04:28And what you see
04:32As the campaign moves to Okinawa
04:35You see increasing use of kamikaze tactics
04:38And actually they start to do
04:39Almost similar things with their warships
04:41The super battleship Yamato
04:43On her last mission
04:44Is actually only carrying enough fuel
04:47To run herself aground
04:48Yamato and her fleet are sunk en route
04:53By U.S. aircraft
04:54But victory comes with a high price
04:56More than 10,000 U.S. soldiers die
05:00On the Japanese side
05:05200,000 people are killed
05:07The Americans project
05:11That invading Japan
05:12Will result in more than
05:13500,000 U.S. casualties
05:15And millions on the Japanese side
05:18The invasion is to be carried out in two stages
05:28The first, Operation Olympic
05:30In November 1945
05:32Provides for the landing of one million GIs
05:35A second, even larger attack
05:38Is planned for May 1946
05:40The target, the capital, Tokyo
05:42In July 1945
05:48USS Indianapolis heads west
05:50From San Francisco
05:51With Edgar Harrell aboard
05:53We knew that our purpose
05:56In going to the Philippines
05:58Was to invade Japan
06:01We were going to land
06:03Two million troops on Japan
06:06Great Britain maybe would join us
06:08With a million
06:09On route to the invasion fleet
06:12The Indianapolis delivers a top secret cargo
06:15What Edgar Harrell doesn't yet know
06:20Is that the metal container he has been guarding
06:22Will make an invasion unnecessary
06:24For years
06:26U.S. researchers have been working on a new
06:28Top secret weapon
06:29The atomic bomb
06:31Indianapolis has just delivered
06:34The final components to the Pacific
06:36It will be used to force Japan to surrender
06:41The atomic bomb is nicknamed Little Boy
06:46Inside it fires a ring of radioactive uranium
06:48At a cylinder
06:49Which is also made of uranium
06:51On impact
06:53A chain reaction is set off
06:55Uranium atoms decay at high speed
06:59Releasing large amounts of energy
07:01August 6th 1945
07:08Little Boy is dropped
07:10On the Japanese city of Hiroshima
07:12Explosion
07:14Firestorm
07:14And radiation
07:15Kill 80,000 residents
07:17Of the city within hours
07:18Three days later
07:30A U.S. plane drops a second bomb on Nagasaki
07:32The nuclear age has begun
07:36No one had ever seen anything like that before
07:41But you must understand that
07:43By that time it was an extremely brutal war
07:46There was no question by then
07:48Of any kind of restraint
07:49The horrors of the new weapon
07:54Break Japan's resistance
07:56On August 15, 1945
07:59Emperor Hirohito announces the surrender
08:02The official ceremony takes place
08:05Aboard the USS Missouri
08:07An Iowa-class battleship
08:09After the sinking of the Yamato
08:13They are the largest warships in the world
08:16But what future will large warships have
08:23In an age of atomic bombs
08:24Across the Sea of Japan
08:32Soviet leaders Stalin
08:33America's tenuous ally
08:35Ponders that very question
08:37At the end of World War II
08:41The Soviet Union has only a small navy
08:44Its high command, however
08:46Has ambitious plans
08:47The Soviet Navy is to get 15 aircraft carriers
08:5321 capital ships
08:5590 cruisers
08:56222 destroyers
08:58And 489 submarines
09:00But the project remains a fantasy
09:03Capital ships and aircraft carriers
09:06Are cancelled
09:07The party nomenclature thought
09:111,000 tanks is one aircraft carrier
09:13Why do we need this aircraft carrier
09:15When we can build 1,000 tanks in Europe?
09:20Instead, Soviet shipyards
09:22Focus on building smaller warships
09:24Especially submarines
09:25Meanwhile, the U.S. Navy faces tough choices
09:31During World War II
09:33It had more than 6,000 ships
09:35How many will it need in peacetime?
09:38And how will nuclear weapons change modern naval warfare?
09:43The U.S. government decides to kill two birds with one stone
09:46In July 1946
09:54The Navy gathers 95 obsolete warships
09:57At Bikini Atoll
09:58A remote coral reef in the Pacific
10:00There is no crew on board
10:07The Ghost Fleet off Bikini
10:08But there are countless measuring instruments
10:10For the first nuclear test at sea
10:12The test is widely announced in the press
10:22And is also filmed
10:23It is a calculated demonstration of American power
10:26We watched what the Americans were doing
10:33They brought former German and Japanese ships
10:36Their own aircraft carriers
10:37Cruisers, battleships
10:38Animals were left there
10:40And experiments conducted on them
10:41Most of the warships remain afloat
10:53U.S. technicians measured the radiation
10:56And examined the test animals
10:58Some of which die in agony
11:00No human aboard
11:03No matter how deep inside the hull
11:05Would have survived long
11:07The tests send a clear signal
11:12A war against the U.S.A., the only nuclear power, cannot be won
11:17On April 4, 1949, the U.S. government and 11 other states signed the North Atlantic Treaty
11:24NATO is born
11:26An attack on one treaty state will be considered an attack on them all
11:31The U.S. pledges to defend Western Europe with nuclear weapons, if necessary
11:39NATO's implicit adversary is the Soviet Union
11:43Which is pouring large sums into nuclear research
11:46The Soviet Union's atomic bomb was created
11:50There was an arms race
11:53And instead of rebuilding the country
11:54We spent billions
11:56On August 29, 1949, the first Soviet bomb was detonated
12:07RDS-1
12:09From now on, an all-out conflict between the superpowers would be a nuclear war
12:15The U.S. Navy is regaining strategic importance
12:21In a conventional war against the Soviet Union
12:24It would have to keep sea routes open for U.S. convoys
12:27As it did in World War I and World War II
12:30Once again, the greatest threat to these supply routes comes from underwater
12:37In 1945, the Soviet Union captured several modern German Type-21 submarines
12:44Hitler's wonder weapons now serve as the blueprint for a new Soviet submarine fleet
12:50It was quite a revolutionary project when it appeared in 1945
12:55But the Germans didn't have enough time
12:57It was a submarine that had a high speed underwater
12:59Which exceeded the speed of anti-submarine surface ships
13:02They couldn't catch up with it
13:04The Americans secretly counter with revolutionary technology
13:09They can locate submarines from a great distance using sound waves
13:15The system is called SOSIS, Sound Surveillance System
13:19It monitors the ocean with highly sensitive microphones
13:23In 1951, the U.S. Navy begins building a network of SOSIS stations
13:29That cover thousands of square miles of oceans
13:32The idea is to be able to locate and track any Soviet submarine
13:36Submarines still have one major weakness
13:42They need air for their engines and must surface regularly
13:45In 1955, the USS Nautilus is commissioned
13:48The first nuclear-powered submarine
13:51Electricity from its reactor powers the sub's engines
13:58And generates oxygen for the crew
14:00The first nuclear submarine can stay underwater for weeks
14:06The Soviet Union follows suit in 1958
14:09K-3 is the first Soviet submarine with a nuclear reactor
14:14Its double hull is a further development of the German Type-21 submarine
14:18The inner hull withstands large water pressure
14:21The outer hull is streamlined for maximum speed underwater
14:26At 30 knots, or 56 kilometers per hour underwater
14:30K-3 is faster than any U.S. submarine
14:33But K-3 and other Soviet nuclear submarines are very noisy
14:37Even louder than older submarines still running on diesel
14:40It turned out that the arrays could pick up nuclear submarines
14:45More easily than diesel submarines
14:47So as the Soviets modernized the submarine force
14:51Actually, we did better tracking it
14:53And because this was very secret
14:55The Soviets didn't realize quite how vulnerable they were
14:59In the early 1980s, the Soviet Navy finally learns
15:03About the American monitoring system
15:05Until then, Soviet submarines operate unsuspectingly off the U.S. coast
15:10They spend a large part of their deployment
15:12Getting to and from their targets
15:14The home bases of the Soviet submarine fleet
15:17Are Kamchatka, Vladivostok, and on the Kola Peninsula
15:20Much closer to the area of operations
15:23Is a secret naval base being established
15:25In the socialist sibling state of Cuba
15:27Just 100 kilometers off the U.S. coast
15:30Cuba plays a key role in Soviet strategy in the early 1960s
15:36Nuclear warheads have become smaller and more powerful since Hiroshima
15:41Nuclear-tipped missiles achieved destructive power
15:49Many times greater than the bombs of 1945
15:52A nuclear exchange would end with devastation
15:56And radioactive contamination on both sides
15:59Only a surprise attack with minimal warning
16:05Could successfully avoid a deadly counterattack
16:07The Soviet Union secretly sends ships with nuclear missiles to Cuba
16:11On October 16, 1962
16:16U.S. spy planes discovered the launching pads
16:19The secrecy is actually what causes the crisis
16:24Because probably if it had been more open
16:27The United States would have been embarrassed
16:30But it would have been acceptable
16:32Good evening, my fellow citizens
16:34This government has promised
16:37To hold this offensive build-up
16:39On October 22, President Kennedy informs the U.S. public
16:42Of the threat of Soviet missiles in Cuba
16:44In response, he announces the U.S. Navy
16:47Will establish a naval blockade against Cuba
16:49Invading Cuba could provoke nuclear war
16:56Instead, they will block all further ships with Soviet missiles aboard from reaching Cuba
17:02But what if the ship doesn't stop?
17:06That, we thought, would be the triggering event
17:15Is if Russia tried to run the blockade
17:19That that would start some shooting
17:21And, of course, the missile aspect added a dimension of fear, you know, to everyone
17:28You know, if we get into a shooting war, it may not last very long, you know
17:33When the mushroom clouds start growing on the landscape
17:36When the Cuban Missile Crisis erupts
17:4021-year-old Tanis Watson is an officer cadet in Florida
17:44He trains to arm aircraft on aircraft carriers
17:47In the event of war, this would put him on the front line
17:51For six days, Tanis waits for the order to deploy
17:57For six days, the world stands on the brink of nuclear war
18:01A quarter of humanity could die within hours
18:06On October 28, 1962, Khrushchev agrees to withdraw his missiles
18:14But it shocked me to find that it's true
18:25So if Castro had had his druthers, he would have released the nukes in Cuba
18:32On the United States and taken out about 70 million people
18:35That's what Castro wanted to do
18:38And Khrushchev wouldn't let him
18:40And the reason Khrushchev wouldn't let him, I think, was nuclear submarines
18:45When it comes to technology, the United States is still one step ahead of the Soviet Union
18:52They could answer an attack not only with bombers and land-based missiles
18:57But also with missiles fired from submerged submarines
19:00Even if the Soviets had destroyed the United States from Cuba
19:06Each of these submarines carries 16 nuclear missiles
19:09The warhead of each missile is eight times as powerful as Little Boy
19:13The bomb that destroyed Hiroshima
19:15The U.S. has a total of nine such craft
19:19Enough to devastate the entire Soviet Union
19:22Nuclear submarines give aided possibilities
19:27And also, they're very difficult to counter
19:31So a lot of effort goes into
19:33What do you do about nuclear submarines on the enemy's side?
19:37And that's a difficult problem
19:38The Soviet Union invests heavily in measures
19:43To defeat America's invisible nuclear submarines
19:45The best way, it seems, is specially equipped attack submarines
19:49They patrol areas where enemy submarines are suspected
19:53They are equipped with highly sensitive hydrophones
19:56A radio operator with headphones during the radio station operation
20:06They listen to the sea, as it is called, for four hours
20:09They listen to the surf
20:12The noises of different types of fish, whales, orcas, surface ships, and submarines
20:18Volodymyr Golovnov has been in the Soviet Navy
20:25Since 1964
20:26He follows in the footsteps of his father, who served on a cruiser
20:30But Volodymyr is drawn to the new attack submarines
20:35Training is done in new types of simulators
20:39Once a week, we came to the training center
20:46Went into a torpedo attack on a probable enemy
20:49In other words, we were given, say, a submarine
20:53We had to detect it
20:55We detected it on the simulators
20:58Then we maneuvered it
21:00Prepared torpedoes
21:02Fired at it
21:03We were given grades
21:05Either two or five, depending on the results
21:07The U.S. is working to make its submarines ever quieter
21:13Especially the so-called boomers
21:16Submarines with nuclear missiles
21:18Boomers are assigned a large sea area as a sector
21:23Even their own high command doesn't know exactly where the boats are
21:28With their reactors on lowest power, they can drift silently in the water
21:33And are almost impossible to detect
21:35Comparable Soviet boats with missiles do not yet exist
21:43But there is a kind of intermediate solution
21:45It was the 675 project
21:52The first generation with cruise missiles
21:55And how can I put it?
21:57When I went to sea, I felt that I was in my element
22:00This was my life
22:02On nuclear submarines
22:04The inner fuselage of Project 675
22:09Contains the crew and the reactors
22:11The outer hull is optimized for speed
22:14And carries eight launchers for nuclear-armed cruise missiles
22:18450 kilometers, enough to hit New York City from the sea
22:24The big disadvantage
22:30The submarine must surface to fire and then remotely pilot the missiles
22:34During this phase, the boat and crew are easy prey for minutes
22:44For example, from aircraft
22:46We felt like kamikazes
22:50We were on the surface for maybe 10 minutes
22:53In those 10 minutes, they were able to destroy us
22:58Because we were in active mode
23:00Sending information to the missiles
23:02In addition to nuclear submarines
23:09The US Navy is also creating new aircraft carriers
23:12Ships that quite unlike the mostly invisible submarines
23:16Visibly demonstrate a nation's power to any adversary
23:19The new carriers are powered by steam turbines
23:22But armed with nuclear weapons
23:24The Navy recruits volunteers with promises of supposedly luxurious accommodations on board
23:31Throughout the ship, over 3,000 men
23:35Live and work in the rhythm of the ship's six watches
23:39And from watch to watch
23:40The everyday business of working and living
23:43Goes on like in any smalls
23:46Except
23:47We ain't got dames
23:49The Navy is planning even larger nuclear-powered carriers
23:56Development cost half a billion dollars
23:59USS Enterprise is commissioned in 1961
24:03For seven years, TANIS is part of the crew
24:09The motto is
24:12We are legend
24:14I think says a lot
24:16About being the forerunner of the nuclear-powered carriers
24:20At the time I went aboard
24:22The largest moving thing on Earth
24:24At 78.4 meters wide
24:27And 342 meters long
24:29Enterprise towers over her predecessors
24:32Powered by eight nuclear reactors
24:35Enterprise has an unlimited range
24:37And a top speed of over 33 knots
24:40Or 62 kilometers per hour
24:42Most of Enterprise's fighters and bombers are jet planes
24:49And are launched into the air by catapults
24:51Unlike World War II-era carriers
24:54Enterprise's flight deck is set at an angle
24:56An older aircraft carrier's planes took off at the bow
25:05And landed at the stern
25:07A barrier separates the two halves
25:09To prevent landing aircraft
25:11From crashing into those taking off
25:12The angled flight deck
25:15Means that takeoff and landing are separate
25:18To land
25:22Carrier airplanes have a hook in their tail
25:25With which they catch arrestor wires
25:27Strung across the flight deck
25:28If a pilot misses the wires
25:31They boost their engine
25:32Take off again
25:33And make another approach
25:35On January 14th 1969
25:41Enterprise is scheduled to conduct
25:43An operational readiness exercise
25:45It is to launch as many aircraft as possible
25:52As quickly as possible
25:54The planes are brought into position
25:56By so-called hovers
25:58Powered by miniature jet engines
26:00Whose exhaust gases are very hot
26:02A crew member parks a huffer
26:10On the wrong side of a fully armed aircraft
26:12His exhaust is inches from the aircraft's weapons
26:15At 8.18 a.m.
26:25An explosion happens
26:26The plane's fuel tank catches fire
26:32Enterprise's flight deck turns into an inferno
26:35Instinctively I ran back to see how my guys were
26:45And they were coming forward
26:47And they were all injured to some extent
26:49We could lose the ship
26:51We had some bombs punch holes in the flight deck
26:55We're talking about three inches of armored steel
26:59You know
26:59And then bombs were dropping down
27:02Into the compartments below
27:04And exploding down there
27:05Fire closes in on Enterprise's nuclear reactors
27:10If fire and explosions overcome
27:13The protective steel doors
27:14Nuclear catastrophe threatens
27:16The nearby coast of Hawaii could be irradiated
27:19Whether nuclear weapons are also
27:22Aboard the Enterprise at the time of the accident
27:24Remains a secret to this day
27:25I don't know if I can discuss that
27:30Certainly it had the capability
27:31And the aircraft we had
27:33Had the capability
27:34I gathered up what crew I had left
27:39That was around
27:40Some of them had already started manning fire hoses
27:43Four frantic hours later
27:49The crew has extinguished the flames
27:51The USS Enterprise has lost 15 aircraft
27:54And 28 men
27:55After repairs
28:01Tanis Watson and the rest of the crew
28:02Are sent on their scheduled combat mission
28:05To Vietnam
28:06Here the Americans and Soviets
28:10Are fighting a proxy war
28:12Vietnam is divided into two states
28:19North Vietnam
28:20Militarily supported by the Soviet Union
28:22Wants to conquer the South
28:24The Americans want to prevent that
28:28And send soldiers
28:29And send soldiers
28:29Air Force and the Navy
28:31Aircraft carriers like the Enterprise
28:34Serve as platform to launch aerial attacks
28:38And so we were bombing their facilities
28:42And the trucks that we found on the roads
28:47If there were any roads
28:49And the trails
28:49A lot of it was transported by water buffalo
28:52And you know pretty primitive methods
28:55But our role out there was to deliver ordinance on targets
28:59Tanis Watson loads U.S. bombers for air strikes every day
29:05But it soon becomes clear
29:07The war cannot be won from the air
29:09The key is to have boots on the ground
29:12To have superior mobility
29:13With helicopters and fast boats
29:15On the many rivers of Indochina
29:17The U.S. Navy does have powerful warships for the sea
29:21But it is not equipped for this task
29:24The boats that you use there are very shallow draft
29:31Because it's shallow water in estuaries
29:35And they can go way up even very shallow rivers
29:41And that's what they were for
29:43You know aircraft carriers can't do that
29:47A new type of warship is designed
29:51Officially they are called patrol craft fast
29:54The soldiers call them swift boats
29:57Powered by twin diesel engines
30:03Swift boats can reach up to 21 knots
30:06Or 39 kilometers per hour
30:07Their thin aluminum hulls
30:11Are lightweight with shallow draft
30:13Even for small rivers
30:14They offer almost no protection
30:16Their only defense is firepower
30:21In 1969
30:28Young officer Guy Gugliotta
30:30Is looking for a new assignment
30:31The Navy offers him command of a swift boat
30:35And describes the post as easy and not dangerous
30:38Well they do ocean patrols
30:41Off the coast of Vietnam
30:42And they search for contraband
30:45And you get to be captain of your own ship
30:49And you have a crew of six
30:51And it's really great duty
30:52Gugliotta agrees
30:55And flies to Vietnam shortly after New Year's Day 1970
30:58Anybody who's been to Vietnam
31:02Will tell you about the trip
31:03Where you walk down this long passageway
31:05You're going from one plane to another plane
31:08And as you walk down this passageway
31:10The people coming home
31:11Are walking past you
31:13And I thought to myself
31:15Oh God
31:16I want to be one of those guys
31:17When Guy Gugliotta takes over his swift boat
31:24It is full of patched bullet holes
31:26A member of the last crew
31:29Bled to death on board
31:30His first patrols field to Gugliotta
31:35As if he has landed in another world
31:37Our job was to keep the Viet Cong
31:46From attacking our settlements
31:48Their job was to keep us
31:51From attacking their settlements
31:53There was nobody
31:54Really nobody in our area
31:57That wasn't a combatant
31:59One way or the other
32:00Our whole situation was
32:03Quite comparable to a video game today
32:06In my view
32:07But in Vietnam
32:11The bullets are real
32:12To try and protect themselves
32:14Crews modify their swift boats
32:16They install more guns
32:19And hang bullet-resistant vests
32:20Over the aluminum hull
32:21And they muffle the engines
32:24To drive more quietly
32:25Ambushes can be anywhere
32:28This video game that I'm talking about
32:39They know they got one shot
32:41And then they gotta go
32:42We know that if they blow it
32:45Then we got a shot
32:46May 16, 1970
32:52In the Mekong Delta
32:53Guy Gugliotta's swift boat
32:55Is under fire
32:56He manages to steer
33:02His badly damaged boat to shore
33:03The crew fires back
33:08Until the enemy retreats
33:09The Americans escape
33:16With minor injuries
33:17Finally, Gugliotta's tour of duty ends
33:21I can remember walking again
33:25Walking the other way
33:26I was going home
33:28And the other guys
33:30They were going to Vietnam
33:32And we were coming from Vietnam
33:34Much later, you know
33:38I thought to myself
33:39Why weren't we talking
33:41And joking
33:42And laughing
33:43And whatever
33:44But we weren't
33:46And so we passed
33:48In total silence
33:50Which was exactly
33:51What had happened
33:52When I was going to Vietnam
33:53The U.S. is forced
33:56To leave Vietnam
33:57A major setback
33:58In the great conflict
33:59Of the superpowers
34:00July 4, 1974
34:09The Pacific Ocean
34:112,700 kilometers northwest of Hawaii
34:14The research vessel
34:15Glomar Explorer
34:16Collects mineral nodules
34:17From the ocean floor
34:18That's the official story
34:20The real mission
34:22To find a sunken nuclear submarine
34:24When a boat dies
34:27K-129
34:30She sank at a crazy depth
34:31The accident happened
34:35Because of what?
34:37Liquid fuel spilled
34:38Which means
34:39It's poisonous
34:41Acid
34:41There's no way to close it
34:43Because it eats everything
34:44The boat sank
34:46It's as simple as that
34:48The Soviet Navy
34:52Does not know exactly
34:53Where its nuclear-armed
34:54Submarine sank
34:55The Americans however
34:57Have recorded
34:58K-129's death throes
34:59With their SOSA system
35:01The CIA contracted
35:03Glomar Explorer
35:04Lower its grappling arm
35:065,000 meters
35:07Into the Pacific
35:08It is able to recover
35:10Parts of the sunken boat
35:12Possibly nuclear missiles
35:13And six bodies
35:15A video of their burial
35:17At sea is handed over
35:18To the Soviet Navy
35:19In 1975
35:31A year after
35:32The secret recovery
35:33Of K-129
35:34The US puts their
35:35Second generation
35:36Nuclear aircraft carrier
35:37Into service
35:38The Soviet Union
35:40Now also wants
35:41At least one aircraft carrier
35:42First the Soviet Union
35:47Could not compete
35:48Economically
35:48With the United States
35:49Second
35:52The task set
35:53For the fleet
35:54It did not provide
35:55For a battle
35:56With an equal enemy
35:56Which has aircraft carriers
35:59We were deliberately
36:01Inferior to the Americans
36:02That's a fact
36:04The Soviet Kiev class
36:09Is not only smaller
36:10Than the US Nimitz class
36:11It also has a different
36:13Mission profile
36:14Nimitz class carriers
36:17Are designed to attack
36:18Land and sea targets
36:19Of all kinds
36:20Including with nuclear weapons
36:22For that
36:24They carry up to 90 aircraft
36:26And are accordingly
36:26Large and well supplied
36:28The Kiev class
36:31Has space for 13 aircraft
36:32And 17 helicopters
36:34Their main task
36:35Is to hunt submarines
36:37The Soviets
36:40Specialize in anti-ship
36:43Done by submarines
36:44And surface ships
36:45For the US Navy
36:47Carriers do that job
36:49How do you compare?
36:53The Cold War demands
36:54Ever-increasing arm spending
36:56From both sides
36:57In 1981
36:58The US launches new
37:00Bigger nuclear submarines
37:02The Ohio class
37:03They carry 24 nuclear missiles
37:08Each with up to 14 warheads
37:10A single one of these boats
37:12Can wipe out dozens
37:13Of major cities
37:14And the Ohio class
37:20Is extremely quiet
37:21They are virtually undetectable
37:23By other submarines
37:24Or the sonar of destroyers
37:26The deterrent effect
37:33Of submarines
37:34Is you can't wipe them out
37:36Because you don't know
37:37Where they are
37:38And I promise you
37:39Some of them
37:40Are really close
37:41In 1979
37:43Volodymyr Golovanov
37:45Is given command
37:46Of a Type 667 BDR submarine
37:48The Soviet Union's
37:50Most advanced missile submarine
37:51Under its distinctive hump
37:57Lurks 16 missiles
37:58Each with up to
38:00Seven nuclear warheads
38:01Steam launches the missiles
38:03From underwater
38:03The resulting pressure
38:05Propels the missile
38:06Out of the launch tube
38:07Out of the water
38:08And into the air
38:09As soon as it has left the water
38:11The rocket's engines ignite
38:13R-29 type missiles
38:17Orient themselves
38:18To two coordinates
38:19Target and current position
38:20Cameras are used
38:22To determine the position
38:23In flight
38:23They detect certain stars
38:26And enable an exact course calculation
38:28If the stars are positioned
38:30Differently than programmed
38:31The rocket knows
38:32That it must correct its course
38:33The range of intercontinental
38:42Ballistic missiles
38:43Is more than 9,000 kilometers
38:45Soviet submarines
38:48Can hide under the ice
38:49Of the Arctic
38:50And from there
38:51Attack any point
38:52In the northern hemisphere
38:53Commander Volodymyr Golovanov
38:59Knows that each mission
39:01Can be the last
39:02I knew that I was going out to sea
39:10I said goodbye to my family
39:12And I went out to sea
39:14But we were to be back
39:16In 90 days
39:16And that's all
39:17We hoped there would be no war
39:19But we were ready
39:20To use weapons
39:21At any time
39:21U.S. allies
39:26Are also joining
39:26In the dangerous missile
39:27Submarine race
39:28France has its own
39:30Nuclear submarines
39:31And sophisticated technology
39:33For detecting
39:34And fighting
39:35Enemy submarines
39:35If we want to understand
39:45How the opponent works
39:47It's important to see
39:49How and what are the constraints
39:51That are offered to him
39:52But also what are his possibilities
39:54How he tries to see tracking
39:56How he himself proceeds
39:58To his hunts
39:59And that's why
40:00There's this cat and mouse gang
40:02Like his father
40:05And uncle before him
40:06Loic Raffaele
40:08Serves in the Marine National
40:09During his training
40:11He specializes
40:12In anti-submarine warfare
40:13To hunt down
40:15Soviet submarines
40:16While protecting their own
40:17The French build
40:18A new kind of ship
40:19In 1979
40:20It is christened
40:25Georges Lague
40:25And is the first
40:26Of the F-70 frigates
40:28The first time
40:34I had contact
40:35With F-70
40:36I was coming out
40:37Of this speciality school
40:38In this phase
40:41Of commissioning
40:42Since it was the end
40:43Of the construction
40:43Of this ship
40:44There was quite a lot
40:46Of fine tuning
40:46To be done
40:47Submarine hunters
40:51Like the F-70
40:52Are equipped
40:53With highly sensitive
40:54Underwater microphones
40:55You should know
41:01That all ships
41:02Submarines
41:04And surface ships
41:05Are like people
41:07They have very precise
41:10Signatures
41:10That are like fingerprints
41:11It depends on a number
41:15Of construction features
41:16The way they were built
41:20And the way they were maintained
41:22Also sometimes
41:24There are errors
41:25In maintenance operations
41:26Which can make an engine
41:27Become very noisy
41:29Unlike SOSA stations
41:33Ships with hydrophones
41:35Are mobile
41:35But they themselves
41:38Also produce numerous sounds
41:39That could help
41:40A submarine remain undetected
41:41The solution lies
41:47In external sonar systems
41:48That are towed
41:49Behind the ship
41:50On a long cable
41:51This so-called
41:54Towed sonar
41:55Can better perceive
41:55Ambient noise
41:56Due to the distance
41:57To the ship
41:58A second
41:59Onboard sonar system
42:00Picks up the ship's
42:01Own noise
42:02A computer then
42:03Removes the ship's
42:04Noise from the
42:05Towed sonar recordings
42:06If an enemy submarine
42:13Is detected
42:14A frigate like
42:15Loic Raphaelis
42:16Can send out
42:16Its helicopter
42:17It carries sonar systems
42:19That can be dropped
42:20Into the water
42:21To locate enemy submarines
42:22Without being hampered
42:23By the ship's
42:24Own noises
42:25So there is a search there
42:45A bit like the hunter
42:47Who will find his prey
42:48At the last minute
42:49It's very complex work
42:53And also very technical
42:55And also very exhilarating
42:57Because the attention
42:59Of the whole ship
43:00Is concentrated
43:02On this mission
43:03In the water
43:07On the water
43:08And in the air
43:08The importance of submarines
43:10And helicopters
43:10And aircraft
43:11To naval forces
43:12Continues to grow
43:13To counter the dominance
43:15Of US aircraft carriers
43:16The Soviet Union
43:17Also relies on land-based
43:19Naval aircraft
43:20Almost all the guys
43:27Of the Soviet Union
43:28Dreamed of becoming
43:29Either pilots or sailors
43:30And I
43:33Since I was born
43:34And grew up
43:34In a flight camp
43:35I chose the most dangerous
43:38And honorable profession
43:39Military pilot
43:41Sergei Orlov
43:44Is trained to fly
43:45The Tupolev Tu-16
43:47The Soviet Union's
43:48Main anti-ship aircraft
43:49It is powered by
43:53Two jet engines
43:54Maximum speed
43:55Is over a thousand
43:55Kilometers per hour
43:56The main weapons
43:58Are two KSR-5
43:59Cruise missiles
44:00They can carry
44:01Nuclear and conventional
44:02Warheads
44:03And have a range
44:04Of up to 700 kilometers
44:05The cruise missiles
44:12Approach their target
44:13In a dive
44:14At three times
44:15The speed of sound
44:16In peacetime
44:17Orlov and his comrades
44:19Train on practice targets
44:20Armed with cameras
44:23They make a game
44:24Out of showing
44:25US aircraft carriers
44:26How close they can get
44:27We dropped by 30 meters
44:36Literally
44:37Just above the waves
44:39When approaching
44:40We jumped up
44:41Once
44:42Flew over
44:43And click
44:44Click
44:44Click
44:44Click
44:45Click
44:45Click
44:45Mission accomplished
44:47Mission accomplished
44:47Immediately all these pictures
44:51Is sent to Moscow
44:52They were surprised
44:55What quality
44:57What resolution
44:58You can even see
45:01The surprised faces
45:02Of the Americans
45:02As our planes
45:03Exhaust
45:04Blew off their hats
45:05The arms race
45:09Has also reached
45:10Naval aviation
45:10The TU-22M
45:12Is more than twice
45:13As fast as its predecessor
45:15Making it even more
45:16Effective
45:17And dangerous
45:17Sergei Orlov
45:23Is selected
45:24To fly the new aircraft
45:25Pilots who flew supersonic
45:31Are considered cooler
45:32Plus they pay
45:3525 rubles extra
45:37For supersonic pilots
45:38It paid as much
45:39As 25 rubles more
45:41The TU-22M
45:44Is receiving careful
45:44Attention in Washington
45:46President Ronald Reagan
45:48Wants to modernize
45:49The armed forces
45:50And make them more powerful
45:51This includes the Navy
45:53And the theory was
46:02That congress would buy
46:03About 20 ships a year
46:04And ships could last
46:06About 30 years
46:07So that's 600 ships
46:08The Soviet Union
46:12Must realize
46:12That it can no longer
46:13Keep up this arms race
46:15It has long since ceased
46:17To be a question
46:18Of winning a war
46:19Both sides
46:21Have so much
46:21Nuclear firepower
46:23That they can destroy
46:24The enemy
46:24Several times over
46:25This balance of terror
46:29Has guaranteed
46:30Decades of peace
46:31But at the end
46:33Of the 1980s
46:34The Cold War
46:35Is thrown off balance
46:36And brings the world
46:38To the brink
46:38Of the abyss
46:39Tannis Watson
46:44Serves on US
46:45Aircraft carriers
46:46For 17 years
46:47Guy Gugliotta
46:49Becomes a reporter
46:50And book author
46:51Volodymyr Golovanov
46:53Leaves submarines
46:54In 1990
46:55To become an instructor
46:56For political officers
46:57Loic Raffaele
46:59Is promoted
47:00To admiral
47:01In the Marine Nationale
47:02Sergei Orlov
47:03Becomes a test pilot
47:04For the Antonov
47:05Aircraft Works
47:06After his regiment
47:07Is disbanded
47:08Edgar Harrell
47:09Is the last surviving
47:10Marine
47:11Of USS Indianapolis
47:12For the Antonov
47:13To be continued
47:14To be continued
47:15Gracias por ver el video.
47:45Gracias por ver el video.
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