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When Ethiopia’s Hayli Gubbi volcano erupted after lying silent for nearly 12,000 years, the world did not expect its anger to reach as far as India. Yet within hours, thick plumes began racing across the Red Sea, brushing past the Arabian Peninsula and hurtling toward the subcontinent at nearly 130 kmph.

By Monday night, around 11 pm, the ash cloud—dark, diffuse, and impossible to see from the ground—finally reached Delhi, draping the region in a veil that would soon shift across Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, and even the Himalayas. Flights were delayed and cancelled as aviation authorities scrambled to protect aircraft from the one thing pilots fear but cannot see: volcanic ash.

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00:00When Ethiopia's Haile Gubi volcano erupted after lying silent for nearly 12,000 years,
00:16the world did not expect its anger to reach as far as India.
00:21Yet within hours, thick plumes began racing across the Red Sea,
00:25brushing past the Arabian Peninsula and hurtling toward the subcontinent
00:29at nearly 130 kilometers per hour.
00:33By Monday night, around 11 p.m., the ash cloud, dark, diffused, and impossible to see from the ground,
00:41finally reached Delhi, draping the region in a veil that would soon shift across Harinya,
00:47Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, and even the Himalayas.
00:52Flights were delayed and canceled as aviation authorities scrambled to protect aircraft
00:57from the one thing pilots fear but cannot see—volcanic ash.
01:02To the naked eye from the cockpit, an ash cloud looks no different from a harmless patch of weather.
01:08There's no strange color, no smell, no sign of danger.
01:12Pilots have flown into them thinking they were ordinary clouds,
01:16and some have barely lived to tell the tale.
01:18Because volcanic ash is nothing like the gray dust that settles in a fireplace.
01:25It is a suspended storm of microscopic glass and rock,
01:30each particle a jagged shard of silica, smaller than two millimeters,
01:35but sharp enough to carve its way into the heart of a jet engine.
01:38When a volcano erupts, molten rock is blasted into the sky at extreme temperatures.
01:45It cools instantly, shattering into millions of razor-edged fragments
01:49that winds can carry hundreds or even thousands of miles across the planet,
01:54far from the volcano itself,
01:56right into major flight routes over Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.
02:00A modern jet engine swallows air at nearly 500 miles per hour.
02:06Once volcanic ash enters the intake, the danger becomes immediate.
02:11Inside the engine, temperatures soar above 1,400 degrees Celsius,
02:16hot enough to melt glass.
02:18The ash particles liquefy as they move through the superheated core,
02:22but as soon as they strike the cooler engine blades,
02:25the molten material hardens again, forming a rough, uneven ceramic crust.
02:31What begins as a dusting quickly becomes a layer thick enough to trigger catastrophe.
02:37Then comes the moment every pilot dreads.
02:40The engine stalls and flames out.
02:42The aircraft, once powered by precise combustion and thousands of coordinated metal parts,
02:48becomes a silent glider in the night sky.
02:51There was no high-tech fix, no switch to reverse the damage instantly.
02:55The only solution is terrifyingly simple.
02:58Descend.
03:00Pilots must drop rapidly out of the ash cloud,
03:03letting the engines cool enough for the ceramic layer inside
03:05to contract and crumble back into particles.
03:09Only then can the engines breathe clean air again, and possibly restart.
03:14The process can take minutes.
03:16It feels like hours.
03:19The world learned this the hard way in 1982,
03:21when British Airways Flight 9 unknowingly flew into ash from Indonesia's Mount Galangang.
03:28Within moments, all four engines failed.
03:31The aircraft slipped into a powerless glide,
03:34descending 25,000 feet in eerie silence.
03:37The crew could only watch the ocean rising toward them as the engines spun hopelessly.
03:42At barely 8,000 feet above the water,
03:45after 14 agonizing minutes, one engine coughed back to life.
03:50Then another.
03:52Then all four.
03:53The passengers and crew survived, but aviation was forever changed.
03:58As the highly gooby ash cloud drifts over northern India,
04:02the DGCA has issued strict advisories to avoid every ash-affected airspace,
04:08rethink flight paths, recalculate fuel, and stay far from danger zones.
04:13For airlines, it means delays, cancellations, and rerouted journeys.
04:18For travelers, it means longer trips and darker skies.
04:21For pilots, it means vigilance against an enemy they cannot see until the engines go quiet.
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