- 2 days ago
Air Crash Investigation Series S23E05 Control Catastrophe
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00:00in the skies over Portugal what's happening I have no control the pilots of a passenger jet
00:08are in the fight of their lives mayday mayday mayday I have never seen such an abrupt drop
00:14in altitude in an airplane this flight was the roller coaster ride from hell the crew is forced
00:24to make an unthinkable decision I think we have to ditch that's very unlikely that they would have
00:30had a good outcome when investigators pour over the plane's history this is confusing they discover
00:38critical evidence that the plane was impossible to control that's one big mistake what really
00:46surprised us was the fact that no one really knows this
00:50air Astana flight one three eight eight prepares for takeoff from Alverka do
01:20Rebatejo an airbase 15 miles northeast of Lisbon Portugal before takeoff checklist roger
01:2840 year old Vyacheslav Oushev is the captain the veteran pilot has been flying with air Astana for seven
01:41years radar on the captain of this crew had considerable time with air Astana flying this aircraft on what
01:51he had a great deal of experience he's got 6,000 flight hours flaps 32 year old first officer bow John
02:00Karasholikov is the pilot monitoring he's been with air Astana for five years set for takeoff
02:08before takeoff check was complete request takeoff clearance this flight crew was highly experienced in
02:19the normal commercial operation role so they were selected because of those strengths runway 04 clear for
02:27takeoff we're for takeoff looking forward to getting back home to help with the journey the airline has
02:37sent along an extra pilot 26 year old Sergei Sokolov that there was a relief pilot because the flight was long and I could switch my colleague if somebody tired after undergoing maintenance work in Portugal today's 10 hour flight has a stop in Minsk before finally reaching air Astana's home base of Almaty Kazakhstan
03:02there are no paying customers on board flight 1388 just three maintenance staff employed by air Astana the three passengers on board were made responsible for supplying the parts for their maintenance work in Portugal they were excited to come home
03:23come home the recently serviced plane is a Brazilian made Embraer E 190 it is a narrow-bodied single-isle twin-engined aircraft which is used for medium range
03:41the flight takes off just after 1 30 p.m.
04:08let's go home
04:15but seconds later
04:17but seconds later
04:19what the
04:21the plane hit some turbulence causing it to bank unusually hard to the left
04:27after takeoff first indication was of this aircraft began to make a roll
04:35so that is wrong movement of airplane
04:38that's not normal
04:42what's happening
04:44there's something wrong with the yoke
04:46I've never felt anything like this before
04:48I felt that aircraft has too much escalations
04:54and captain looked at me that we have some problem with flight controls
04:59no warnings of caution messages
05:02the pilots can't explain the plane's erratic movements
05:06flight 1388 is in serious trouble
05:10I have no control
05:12maybe it's the control column
05:14the pilots search for a solution
05:16engage out the pilot
05:18autopilot on
05:20it was reasonable to expect the autopilot to go okay forget about the control column
05:27I will look after it because I've been programmed for the next phase of flight
05:31autopilot failed
05:35the pilots are running out of options
05:39they need help and fast
05:41we were in the clouds
05:43an uncontrollable airplane
05:45in turbulent conditions
05:50this is a mayday
05:54mayday mayday mayday
05:56climbing to 4000 feet
05:58on heading 060
06:00Kilo Zulu Romeo 1388
06:02Roger mayday
06:04controller Viviana Durao
06:06receives the distress call from the aircraft
06:09go ahead with your request
06:12as soon as Eristan departed
06:15they declared mayday on the first contact
06:17we're all trained to deal with these kinds of emergencies
06:21but inevitably your heartbeat goes a little bit faster
06:25and your adrenaline peaks
06:33there's nothing in the quick reference handbook
06:35we have to get back to the airport
06:37agreed
06:38asteline 1388 requesting back to airport
06:44Kilo Zulu Romeo 1388
06:46you can turn left or right as you wish heading 280
06:50Roger
06:52but heading back to the airport is an enormous challenge
06:56every time we bank we lose altitude
07:04we've got to get higher than back
07:06to turn around safely
07:08they need to climb
07:10or risk hitting terrain when they bank
07:12if you roll excessively
07:14the pitch doesn't actually join much in times of altitude
07:18and in fact
07:20will allow the aircraft to drop
07:22and that was alarming to say the least
07:24let's try to control from your side
07:28and controls
07:30I don't think it's any better but I'll try to climb
07:34what about the flight computers
07:36maybe there's a software back
07:38the pilots speculate the problem is related to the replacement of four flight computers
07:48something they learned about prior to takeoff
07:50they knew that they've been a new software load for the flight control system
08:00so it's very very easy and sensible to make the conclusion that this is possibly the result of a glitch in the uploaded software
08:12prepare to engage direct mode
08:15by engaging direct mode
08:17pilots can bypass the flight computers
08:19giving them full control
08:21my controls
08:23Roger
08:24your controls
08:25ready to engage direct mode
08:27engage direct mode
08:29for the role
08:38the aircraft's performance improves
08:40let's see if we can get back to Alverka
08:45but the pilots relief does not last
08:49it's not enough
08:52I don't have enough control to get us back to the airport
08:55the difficulty this crew had
08:58was they couldn't steer the airplane in any way
09:00so to get back to the airport
09:02with the best will in the world
09:04wasn't going to happen
09:06what are we going to do?
09:08with nothing working
09:11and the plane continuing to drop
09:13the crew is faced with a grim option
09:15I think we have to ditch
09:19ditching means attempting a very risky landing on water
09:25we go over the big populated city on uncontrollable airplane
09:34and we could hit the ground at any time
09:38we decided to ditch this was one thing to stop this aircraft
09:44request vectors for the ocean
09:46that is like a bad dream
09:48yes or bad movie
09:49the aircraft is uncontrollable
09:531388 fly heading 260
09:57I was very concerned because I don't think any pilot requests ditching lightly
10:09so if they thought that that was their best option
10:12that meant they were in big trouble
10:141388 you can reach the sea on a heading of 210 approximately 36 miles
10:29for the last 18 minutes flight 1388 has been flying erratically over Portugal
10:42unable to reach the Atlantic Ocean for a ditching
10:46we keep losing altitude
10:49their biggest struggle is keeping the plane stable enough to reach a safe altitude above the clouds
10:59if you can climb above the cloud
11:01then you do have that visual horizon again
11:03which is going to help you
11:05that buys you time to resolve the problem
11:07and so altitude is good
11:10just when nothing seems to be working
11:13the captain gets an idea
11:15let's ride the flaps
11:17give me flaps two
11:19Roger
11:21flaps two
11:25we kept the flaps standard
11:28it helped us to stabilize the aircraft
11:3230 minutes after takeoff
11:39flight 1388 finally rises above the clouds
11:4517,000 feet and we have visual meteorological conditions
11:51that was actually a good sign
11:54because if they could control the aircraft enough to climb over the clouds
11:59they weren't going to crash anytime soon
12:02this was very good news
12:10but then without warning the plane plummets towards the earth at 20,000 feet per minute
12:16and we suddenly plunge to the left and dive with quick descent
12:23physically it was horrible
12:30for the three passengers on board
12:33it's a rough and terrifying ride
12:36oh no
12:38i had never seen such an abrupt drop in altitude in an airplane
12:42and this was very scary because we had no idea when they were going to stop
12:46pull up
12:50pull up
12:51pulling up
12:5240 seconds into the dive the plane descends below cloud cover
12:57keep it up
13:07we've got this
13:09we need power
13:11during that rapid descent
13:14there would have been slightly less than one G
13:17one times the force of gravity
13:18but
13:19at the point of which you pull the airplane out of the dive
13:22that G level
13:24picks up
13:25and in this case almost a fighter pilot levels
13:30the extreme maneuver stresses the airframe to its limit
13:34we've heard some cracking
13:38of the airplane
13:41of the G boat
13:46i saw the hill with the trees in front of us
13:49it was close
13:53the plane holds together
13:578,000 feet and climbing
13:58the pilots pull out of the dive just in time
14:03well done
14:13wow
14:14we're out of this nightmare
14:24ok
14:25that's right
14:26let's try to
14:27get back on course towards the ocean
14:28that's the line 1388
14:32can you confirm our position in relation to the sea please
14:37if you fly southbound you need to go 36 miles
14:42but the battered aircraft still isn't responding predictably to the crew's inputs
14:48it's no good
14:49i can't get to 220
14:51see if i can stay on this heading
14:551388
14:57we are flying to a storm
14:59can we get to the sea on our current heading
15:02the weather was very bad
15:03very windy
15:04raining
15:05the cloud ceiling was very low
15:07if you can fly westbound you will reach the sea
15:11ok
15:1235 minutes into the flight
15:20air traffic control calls the portuguese air force for help
15:24the arastana was still in an area with very bad weather
15:28they were having trouble navigating
15:30and so we hope that with the guidance of the f-16s they could reach an area with better weather conditions
15:35Lieutenant Colonel Nuno Monteiro is one of two f-16 pilots sent to guide the aircraft to better weather and a place to ditch safely
15:46it was the worst day in terms of weather
15:52and i was in the squadron and i knew that if the bell would ring that day we had to act fast
16:03but can the f-16s reach flight 1388 in time to help
16:07almost an hour into their trip flight 1388 awaits help from two portuguese fighter jets
16:21still climbing
16:22anybody need water
16:24but the pilots are exhausted
16:27it was very hard for us physically and emotionally
16:44could one of you bring us some water up here please
16:47your controls
16:59my controls
17:05how about the maintenance that was done on this aircraft
17:10they did a lot of work
17:12replaced some parts too
17:13anything flight control related
17:18we ordered new aileron cables
17:20new aileron cables
17:23when we learned that aileron cables were changed
17:27we realized the possible cause of the problem
17:31ailerons are flight control surfaces on the rear edge of each wing
17:36they hinge up and down to help control an aircraft's role
17:39let's check them
17:45let's check them
17:58i've got visuals on the right wing
18:00inputting ailerons right
18:02as the captain turns the control column to the right
18:04the right
18:07the right wing aileron should lift
18:10aileron going down
18:12turning left
18:14that's wrong
18:16let's try the reverse
18:18inputting aileron left
18:19let's try the reverse
18:20let's try the reverse
18:22inputting aileron left
18:32we put inputs and we realized that this aileron is responding opposite
18:42the ailerons are reversed
18:44with opposite inputs
18:46we might be able to control the aircraft
18:48now we know what's happening
18:54let's start to work with this
18:56ok, let's fly this aircraft oppositely
18:59if you want to turn left
19:00turn to the right
19:02it's a bit better but
19:04still hard to fly
19:06this is going to take some getting used to
19:08against his instincts and muscle memory
19:11the captain tries to keep the plane's wings level
19:15and climb to better weather
19:17you have to learn
19:19a completely different process
19:21against the ingrained teaching
19:23you've already had
19:24and that's very difficult
19:2761 minutes into the flight
19:29help finally arrives
19:31past the line 1388
19:33you have two S16s reaching your position
19:36copy that?
19:38zero zero Romeo
19:40this is produced near the fence
19:42bullet 21
19:44altitude heading speed
19:48were far from being stable
19:51and I had a lot of doubts at this moment
19:54what can we do
19:56to help understand the flight
20:00we have a flight control problem
20:01and no visibility
20:03intending flight level 140 westbound
20:08and will make ditching on sea
20:12I thought, come again?
20:14I have never heard this call in my life
20:18as a pilot
20:20and I've been an aviator
20:22for the past 25 years
20:24I fear for them
20:26but given the weather
20:29would they even survive a ditching in the ocean?
20:32if the sea is very rough
20:34and you're trying to
20:36land across 3 meters or so of swell
20:39that's very unlikely that they would have had a good outcome
20:42Lieutenant Colonel Monteiro proposes a different plan
20:46if you have 70 miles of fuel
20:49you could try a vision
20:51the closest airport with good weather
20:55is Beja
20:57a military airport 70 miles to the south
21:00if you follow the F-16s
21:02do you think we could land this thing?
21:04we have enough fuel
21:06let's try
21:09now we could stably climb
21:12above the clouds
21:14F-16 means we are not alone in the sky
21:16and F-16 can lead us to the airport with the better weather
21:29the aircraft is a little bit more controllable
21:34confirm, we'll help you in
21:40can you confirm heading for Beja airport?
21:42Beja airport
21:44Beja is a suitable aerodrome heading 195
21:48flight heading 195
21:50ok
21:52let's see if we can land this thing
21:55using the F-16 on their left as a visual reference
21:59flight 1388 heads to Beja airfield
22:02I'll guide you in
22:04I'll guide you in
22:06do you have a visual reference?
22:09affirmative
22:11thank you for helping sir
22:13we disregarded the ditching
22:15because now we at least know how to fly this aircraft
22:18now we need to land it
22:20now we have chance to survive
22:24when you're flying oppositely
22:29it's really hard to keep it straight and level 100% of the time
22:33we understood that landing will not be easy
22:36we are now 6 miles from runway
22:40after 15 minutes of flying towards Beja airfield
22:45the crew begins to configure the plane for a challenging landing
22:48flaps full
22:51flaps full
23:03whoa! watch out!
23:06but the stability of the aircraft gets worse
23:09we flew flaps 2 and now flaps 5
23:13landing gear down
23:14so these conditions is new for this airplane
23:17so it means you have to learn to fly it again
23:21with the ailerons reversed
23:23flight 1388 is almost impossible to control
23:26both F-16s position themselves behind the plane
23:30giving the crew plenty of space without distraction
23:371,000 feet
23:39you got this
23:40guys
23:43support me and say yes yes
23:45you're doing right
23:47everything will okay
23:48we will survive
23:58less than 1,000 feet from the runway
24:00the pilots struggle to keep the plane level
24:03with the low speed on the approach
24:06you have to have minor inputs
24:08on the yoke
24:11and it's really difficult
24:13the aircraft begins to veer away from the runway
24:16go around
24:18going around
24:20it's too dangerous to put the plane down
24:23they abort the landing
24:31I don't think I can do this
24:33you have to try something else
24:34the pilots are determined to try again
24:38but can they make it
24:40I looked at the guys
24:43and I saw that
24:45we all wanted to solve this problem
24:47and bring this aircraft to the ground
24:48after nearly two hours in the air and two unsuccessful landing attempts
25:02flight 1388 flies towards the runway again
25:05turning left
25:09heading 189
25:11going to take us back in
25:13target
25:15with the captain and the first officer exhausted
25:18the relief pilot takes the controls for the third landing attempt
25:22that's like in football
25:25when you need a win goal
25:27you change the player
25:30going to try and get away from you
25:32be ready for anything
25:34I was less tired
25:36but I realized that it's really difficult to control airplane
25:38there's a thousand
25:46watch for the right role as we get down
25:49one thousand
25:51drifting too far to the left
25:56trying to get back to center
25:57a mile from the runway
26:04the weather impedes the landing attempt
26:07the wind conditions changed
26:10the plane started to deviate
26:13again to the left
26:15the captain quickly improvises an alternate plan
26:19we can make it to the other runway there
26:21one nine left
26:22I see it
26:23I'll try
26:25Can we land on the left runway?
26:27Confirmed
26:28clear to land on the left runway
26:30Roger
26:38Here we go
26:53After a grueling two hours in the air
27:09flight 1388 lands safely in Beijing
27:16We did it
27:17We did it
27:26Through teamwork and determination
27:29the crew has made a stunning landing
27:33I was happy
27:34the flight is finished
27:36aircraft brought in to stop
27:38and we finally can say
27:40we've done it
27:41It was one of the happiest moments in my life
27:49as a military pilot
27:51I felt relieved
27:53and I felt extremely thankful
27:55to see that aircraft on the ground
28:02The only injury is a sprained ankle to one of the maintenance staff
28:06I felt relief
28:08I was very happy that we made it and we landed the aircraft in one piece
28:16But now it's up to Portuguese air and rail accident investigators to find out why it happened at all
28:25Within two hours of landing investigators from the Portuguese safety investigation authority arrive at Beja Air Base
28:32Jose Figueiredo is the lead investigator overseeing the investigation
28:39Get the seats in one piece
28:42We knew that something was wrong, really wrong with the aircraft
28:48Investigators examine the aircraft for signs of damage
28:52Nose looks fine
28:54Check this out
28:56Deformations
28:58There wasn't any visible damage as we approached the aircraft
29:09However, we found wrinkles on the surface of the fuselage
29:14and on the leading edge of the wing
29:17The damage indicates that Flight 1388 suffered extreme forces in flight
29:22Can't believe they landed this plane
29:27The incident is declared an accident because of the severity of the damage
29:32The aircraft is a write-off
29:35The definition of an accident typically involves the destruction of the aircraft and fatalities
29:42But we decided to classify this event an accident rather than an incident
29:46because we felt it was important to draw attention to what happened here
29:51Let's see what the crew can tell us
29:53We call the control tower at Beja and request the pilots to stay on the aircraft until we arrive there
30:03It was key for us to speak to the pilots so that we could get a first-hand account of what had occurred
30:09and to try and get as much valuable information from them as possible
30:14When did you realize there was a problem?
30:16Immediately after takeoff
30:18The plane started rolling back and forth
30:22What's happening?
30:24There's something wrong with that yoke
30:26I've never felt anything like this before
30:28There's a total disconnect between the control yoke and the aircraft
30:34Were there any alerts or indications of what went wrong?
30:36No, but one of the maintenance team on board remembers ordering new aileron cables for the aircraft
30:44So we did the visual inspection and it seems that ailerons were moving in reverse
30:49We couldn't believe it when the crew told us
30:52We wanted to perform an operational test to confirm for ourselves what was the real issue
30:58Okay, show us the left aileron
31:01Let's move the aileron
31:07Copy
31:09Investigators test the ailerons to verify that they were moving in opposite directions
31:17Yoke to the left
31:18Two control surfaces work in tandem to turn the plane
31:25Both the aileron and the spoiler must move upwards on the wing to turn the plane to the left
31:30The spoiler is fine but the left aileron moved down instead of up
31:43It's reverse
31:45It's as if the steering wheel of your car
31:49Was giving inverted commands or the handlebar of your bicycle was inverted as well
31:54The plane would have been next to impossible to control
31:59The next big question the investigation was facing was how did this happen?
32:10Maintenance began on October 2nd
32:13Investigators review flight 1388's maintenance records for an explanation why the ailerons were inverted
32:21And it continued up until the morning of the accident
32:25The aircraft was serviced in Portugal for a month by a third-party company owned by Embraer
32:32When airlines don't have the maintenance facilities capable of doing the deep servicing
32:38They contract external suppliers and that was the case here
32:42It was necessary to find out what had happened during the month or so that the aircraft was in maintenance
32:48Investigators meet with the maintenance supervisor to find out more about the work performed on the aircraft
32:56Why did the plane require an aileron being in service?
33:00The aileron cables were old
33:03When commanded, four aileron cables move the ailerons up and down
33:08Each cable moves through a pulley system
33:11Cable friction on the pulleys can cause premature wear
33:14We replaced the pulley system with a frictionless one to prevent future wear and tear
33:21Operators had a complaint to Embraer about the premature wear on the stainless steel cables
33:27So Embraer came up with a design fix to this issue
33:31And the aircraft was being refitted with the new contactless system
33:34It says here the aileron maintenance began on October 9th
33:41Correct
33:44The structure steam started by removing the old pulleys and cables
33:48The new installation uses mostly square metal frames instead of pulleys to guide the cables through the wing
33:51This minimizes any wear caused by friction
34:04And what did the structure steam do next?
34:06They reinstalled the old cables as a temporary measure until the flight control team installed the new cables
34:11The structures team reinstalled the old cables once they had finished replacing the hardware
34:26Because that is what the procedures required them to do
34:30They were following the instructions
34:33Is it possible that they inverted the old cables when they reinstalled them?
34:37It's possible
34:41I'm told they had a hard time following the instructions
34:45Where do they struggle with the instructions?
34:51Right here
34:55They identify a key section where the structures team had difficulty understanding the instructions
35:02This looks like the reverse zone
35:11The reverse zone is a 2 meter long section inside the wing
35:16Where the cable routing changes from horizontal to vertical
35:20This is confusing
35:24Did the technician ask for help?
35:27I'm told he asked another engineer on the team
35:29The structure engineer consulted a colleague who had also limited experience
35:39And the manual instructions were quite difficult to follow
35:43Did you test the reinstallation?
35:46They weren't required to
35:48This kind of work requires extensive experience
35:52So without surprise they did it incorrectly
35:54Not only did the structures team incorrectly reinstall the old cables
36:01They never tested the ailerons to confirm that they installed them correctly
36:05The structure team were informed that the flight control team
36:10Will came later to replace those cables
36:12Did the flight control team catch the error?
36:15Not likely
36:17I'm told they installed the new cables following the same routing
36:19The flight control team replaced the cables one by one
36:25Installing the new cables as a direct replacement and without verifying the previous routing
36:31So why didn't the flight control team discover the mistake after they finished the installation and then tested the ailerons?
36:41Investigators check the fault history database for answers
36:45The fault history database records data about the maintenance work that was done on the aircraft
36:54So it will tell us for example when the aircraft was powered up
36:58When it was powered down, what systems were operating, and at what time
37:05Installation of the new cables was completed on October the 17th
37:10Well according to this they couldn't test the ailerons on the 17th
37:14The plane was still under maintenance
37:18The investigation knew that the ailerons had not been checked on that day
37:22Because you need to power up the aircraft
37:25And from the data that we could see in the fault history database
37:29This never happened
37:31When did they complete the maintenance?
37:33On October 26th they have finished the additional maintenance and powered up the plane
37:40Did they test the ailerons then?
37:42It doesn't look like they could
37:44Well, they got a fault warning in the cockpit
37:47Flight control, no dispatch
37:48Flight control, no dispatch
37:49Flight control, no dispatch
37:53Flight control, no dispatch is a catch-all message
37:56Which alerts the flight crew that something needs attention before going flying
38:01It could be a sensor, it could be a connection that is loose
38:05They didn't know what caused the fault
38:09Regardless, they can't fly with the error message
38:12While the error message had nothing to do with the inverted aileron cables
38:18It diverted technicians' attention away from the aileron repair
38:22And so when they experienced the flight control, no dispatch
38:26This put a lot of pressure on all of the maintenance technicians
38:32What did you do when your crew got the flight control, no dispatch message?
38:37Investigators delve into how the maintenance team of flight 1388 dealt with a no-fly error message after completing maintenance work on the plane
38:50I dispatched the team to investigate
38:53Were they able to determine the issue and clear the problem?
38:57No
38:59No
39:05The maintenance team started by referring to the manuals
39:09They also asked support from the manufacturer
39:12However, all of these efforts had a limited result
39:18How did they resolve the error message?
39:22They replaced the flight control computers
39:24With no success resolving the error message, the maintenance team considers the possibility that the issue involves the flight control computers
39:38These were new computers
39:41So these being new computers, they had clean memories
39:46When they powered up the plane, the error message was gone
39:50When those four flight control modules were replaced, the message disappeared and the plane was cleared to fly
39:59Did you test the ailerons after that?
40:02Sure did, we checked all the flight controls
40:05And what about a visual check?
40:07Absolutely
40:09They were moving up and down, no problem
40:10No, no problem
40:16Did they check to see that they were moving in the right direction?
40:29I'm sorry, I'm not sure if they did or not
40:32The operational checks were performed
40:36However, no one really noticed that despite the movement of the ailerons
40:43That in fact, they were moving in the opposite direction to what is being commanded
40:48It takes your time
40:59It's one big mistake that nobody caught
41:01Investigators finally understand what happened to Air Astana Flight 1388
41:12The groundwork for the terrifying flight was laid a month earlier
41:16When a maintenance team inverted the aileron cables because the instructions were confusing
41:21When they prepare to test the aileron cables, they get distracted by a mysterious error message
41:27Maintenance technicians clear the error message by replacing flight computers
41:38But when they check that the ailerons are working, they never look to see what direction they're moving
41:47What's happening?
41:49There's something wrong with the joke
41:51I've never felt anything like this before
41:52This chain of events sets flight 1388 on a harrowing 116 minute flight
42:00There's a thousand
42:02Watch for the rank roll as we get down
42:05One thousand?
42:07Remarkably, they are able to overcome their difficulties through focus and good teamwork
42:13I found you in
42:14Do you have a visual of me?
42:16The aid of an experienced fighter pilot finally helps them to land the plane
42:21The situation looked dire for a long time and knowing that they had landed safely was just a tremendous relief
42:26The really impressive thing is that this crew who were not experienced flight test pilots who have come across completely non-standard situations before
42:39Just how quickly they settled down to work it through logically
42:54They did really well
42:58As a result of this accident and investigation several safety changes are made
43:04There were a lot of changes at Embraer in terms of revising their manuals and making the instructions much clearer when it comes to replacing the aileron control cables
43:19Air Astana installed more robust procedures for checking aircraft after completing maintenance
43:26New procedures were made for checking the flight controls including making sure the correct movement of the ailerons
43:37Maintenance errors have occurred in the past
43:42And I think what this event demonstrates is that it underscores the importance that all of the stakeholders including maintenance play in achieving flight safety
43:54The next event was decided to test the bicycle
44:07The还有igned plasticity
44:10You are saying that the the two passengers are trained to get to the boat
44:14And the two passengers are trained to get to the boat
44:17The ailerons are trained to get to the bay
44:20The ailerons are trained to get to the safety of the boat
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