Une équipe de chercheurs "déboulonne le mythe" de la judaïté du grand-père d'Hitler suite à l'analyse d'un morceau de tissu imprégné du sang du dictateur

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Adolf Hitler n'avait pas de grand-père juif, selon des chercheurs qui grâce à l'analyse d'un morceau de tissu imprégné du sang du dictateur nazi affirment pouvoir tordre le cou à cette vieille rumeur.

Cet échantillon de tissu portant l'ADN d'Hitler provient du canapé sur lequel il s'est suicidé le 30 avril 1945, explique l'équipe de chercheurs dans un documentaire qui sera diffusé samedi sur la télévision britannique Channel 4.

C'est la première fois que des chercheurs séquencent le génome d'Hitler, selon Turi King, généticienne à l'université de Bath (ouest de l'Angleterre), qui a dirigé l'étude scientifique. Ce séquençage "déboulonne un mythe" selon lequel il aurait eu un grand-père juif, une rumeur persistante de son vivant et encore aujourd'hui, indiquent les auteurs du documentaire, intitulé "Hitler's DNA: blueprint of a dictator" ("L'ADN d'Hitler: le profil d'un dictateur").

Selon la rumeur, le père d'Hitler était le fruit d'une relation extra-conjugale entre sa grand-mère et son employeur, de confession juive. Mais les chercheurs ont trouvé des correspondances génétiques entre le dictateur et la lignée masculine de la famille Hitler. Si la rumeur avait été vraie "nous n'aurions pas obtenu la correspondance ADN avec la famille Hitler, or nous avons cette correspondance (...) ce qui met fin à cette rumeur", explique à l'AFP Turi King.

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00:00Adolf Hitler suffered, it seems, from a genetic disorder that stunts normal puberty.

00:05Researchers have extracted his DNA from a swatch of fabric with Hitler's blood

00:09from the sofa on which he killed himself.

00:12The results of which will be revealed this weekend in a Channel 4 documentary

00:16titled Hitler's DNA, Blueprint of a Dictator.

00:20I've been speaking to Professor Turi King,

00:21director of the Milner Centre for Evolution at the University of Bath,

00:25who led this research for the documentary,

00:27and I asked if she'd had any reticence about taking on the project.

00:31Well, you're absolutely right, I did agonise over it.

00:34When I was first asked to be involved, my first question is,

00:37I don't want to do this if it's going to be sensationalist.

00:40And I did wonder, you know, given who he is,

00:44but, you know, there have been thousands of archaeological and historical individuals

00:49who've had their whole genome sequenced, including Beethoven,

00:52and I thought, well, actually, you know, why should Hitler be exempt from that?

00:56He's, you know, we can't put him on some sort of pedestal,

00:59some sort of mystical person that we can't do this with.

01:02The other thing is the swatch is available, so it's going to be done at some point.

01:06So let's make sure it's done in the most rigorous, scientifically possible way.

01:11And we genuinely didn't know what we were going to find,

01:13and as it is, he has a very interesting genome.

01:16I'll come to that in a second.

01:17Are you absolutely sure that this swatch, this sample you tested, is genuine?

01:22Yes, so this is where I'm obviously taking the genetic evidence

01:27alongside all the other evidence, such as what's the provenance of this swatch.

01:32We know about how it came to be in the possession of a family.

01:35It was a public information officer of Eisenhower who cut it out of the sofa

01:40when he was one of the few men who was allowed into the bunker.

01:43It stayed in the family for decades, then ends up at a museum.

01:47The fabric looks right.

01:48Then when you do the DNA, so you've got a genetic match

01:51with a distant male-line relative,

01:53which allows us to look at a piece of DNA known as the Y chromosome,

01:56and you get a perfect match, and it's incredibly rare.

01:59And then you also have to ask, well, how likely would it be

02:01that another male-line relative of Hitler would have managed

02:03to get himself into the bunker and bleed on the sofa

02:06where Hitler killed himself, and the chances are incredibly remote?

02:10So yes, we can be happy that this is the blood of Hitler.

02:12OK, so the what. What did we reveal in the genetic profile?

02:18Well, so we looked at it two ways.

02:21One was a pure kind of, we're not interested in anything in particular.

02:24Let's just run it through the NHS pipeline, see if anything pitches up.

02:27But also, you know, there's been a lot of medical biographers

02:30who have looked at Hitler and they've tried to sort of diagnose him.

02:35There's historical information about how he had right-sided cryptorchidism,

02:39so an undescended testicle.

02:41So we did look at genes associated with sexual development,

02:45and this is the Pasteur team who are experts in this area,

02:49and they noticed very quickly that he has a very rare

02:52but very well-characterized genetic deletion in a gene known as PROC2,

02:57which has implications for the development of sexual organs,

03:01low testosterone levels, and in 5% to 10% of cases, a micropenis.

03:07And I confess I never thought in a million years

03:09that I would be chatting about Hitler's genitalia on television.

03:12But, I mean, you're a scientist, you're not a historian,

03:16and it's debatable how that affected his psyche and his politics,

03:20but he was open to ridicule because of that, and at the time.

03:24Absolutely.

03:25And I think this is the really important thing.

03:27We have Alex Kaye, who is a historian,

03:29who is the co-presenter of the project with me.

03:31And all of this, when you want to base it within what we know about him as an individual,

03:36we already know about this historical information.

03:39And so the genetics matches up with that.

03:42It cannot tell us about the size of his genitalia,

03:46but it's certainly intriguing to know what we know about him already.

03:49And just a very final quick one,

03:51you also disproved this spurious claim that he had Jewish ancestry,

03:54which the Russian foreign minister referred to very recently.

03:58Yes, that's right.

03:59We wouldn't have gotten the genetic match with the Hitler family

04:01if he had had that Jewish ancestry,

04:04as was put about in the Rubbers as far back as the 1920s.

04:06So we can put that to bed as well.

04:09Professor Turi King with a fascinating insight

04:11into the genetic history of adult Hitler.

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