Глава МВФ в интервью Euronews: «Для реализации плана Драги Европе нужен «лидер единого рынка»
Директор-распорядитель МВФ Кристалина Георгиева призывает создать единый авторитетный орган, отвечающий за реализацию доклада Драги, в противном случае Европа рискует потерять драгоценное время в «экзистенциальный момент» для блока.
ЧИТАТЬ ДАЛЕЕ : http://ru.euronews.com/2025/11/14/glava-mvf-v-intervyu-euronews-dlya-realizacii-plana-dragi-evrope-nuzhen-lider-edinogo-ryn
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04:51I want to remind you, when the UK decided to leave the European Union, at that time, what did Europe do?
05:00Well, delegated authority to negotiate on behalf of all 27 countries to Michel Barnier, to one person.
05:08And this one person had access to heads of states, had access to the resources of the Commission,
05:14led the negotiations and the benefits were shared by all member states.
05:19So I'm confident that if there is a will, there would be a way.
05:25Right now, when you look at all these things I'm talking about, they are in the hands of different council formations.
05:33Too many cooks.
05:34And different commissioners running. I used to be a commissioner.
05:37I know that unless you're given full authority, it's very hard to break through.
05:43So, Europe has to say, we want the best for our future.
05:51And you cannot get it without completing the single market. Just not possible.
05:57And this is a fascinating idea what you've mentioned. So are you suggesting, just so that I can understand correctly what you're saying,
06:03does it mean that in order to implement this report, you need a single person with the gravitas and the authority to carry it out throughout and have the responsibility?
06:11I'm sure you have thoughts of who you would like that person to be.
06:13I would let this to the European leadership to decide. I think the issue is agreeing that there has to be delegation of authority.
06:25And this delegation of authority has to be across the main areas of completing the single market.
06:31Right now, different...
06:33It's too complex.
06:35It's too complex and it's just not moving fast enough.
06:38I know it is moving. I want to say to the Europeans who are working on it,
06:43Bravo! Keep doing it. Not moving fast enough.
06:48One of the big stories this year is, well, the tariffs regime.
06:51And when it comes to Europe, they triple tariffs on the European units, a 15% rate.
06:56When you look at that, have you assessed the impact?
06:59And some say that could signal the start of the century of humiliation for Europe.
07:04Is that too much? Are we reading too much into that 15%?
07:07I think Europe is going to cut through that.
07:10So let's see what happened.
07:12There was an announcement of tariffs.
07:15Trade uncertainty shot through the roof.
07:18And there was panic that the world is going to slip into recession.
07:23By the way, the IMF did not subscribe to the recession option.
07:29In reality, one, the world has proven to be more resilient.
07:35And you look at Europe, what are the sources of this resilience?
07:39Strong institutions, good policies, responsible governance and private sector that adapts to changes faster than the public sector does.
07:51But also, when the tariffs hit, what was announced in April, 23% tariffs across the globe on average.
08:04And what we have today, it is around 70%.
08:09When you check how much is actually collected, with all the exceptions and this and that, between 9% and 10%.
08:16In other words, the hit is not as strong.
08:20Most importantly, and I love Europe for that.
08:25The majority of countries decided not to retaliate.
08:29No tit for tat.
08:31I know that some of the European people are saying,
08:33Oh, we should have gone...
08:34Europe was weak.
08:35It was weak.
08:36But what happens if you hit back and then everybody starts hitting?
08:41We get on this down spiral.
08:44In fact, today, because of that behavior saying, look, you, the United States, you decided to go this way.
08:53We don't subscribe.
08:54You present, say, 14% of trade.
09:00The rest, 86%, 87%.
09:04We choose to trade by the rules we have established.
09:10And that is what saved the world economy.
09:12The fact that there is no slippage into everybody hitting everybody else.
09:20It's not over.
09:22In other words, that may change.
09:24And I would really urge countries, please, don't go for a trade war.
09:31Don't do it.
09:32So you say Europe made the responsible choice by taking on this 15%, which may be less effectively and when it's implemented.
09:39But some believe the damage and the cost was political.
09:42And that's why the EU should have retaliated.
09:44It should have showed strength.
09:46It's the biggest trading block in the world.
09:48Europe can show strength by working actively with those who want to trade on the basis of rules.
09:58And I would encourage Europe to show leadership in that regard.
10:03Because when you look at the world today, multipolar, you see regions that are now building stronger intra-region trade like ASEAN or the Gulf countries.
10:17Europe has already started reaching out more actively to build agreements with different, let's call them new blocks.
10:27And that is where Europe should bring its soft power in action.
10:33Move the world away from a trade war.
10:37So you would like to see the Mercosur approved?
10:39Would you like to see a European WTO?
10:41Absolutely.
10:42That idea was floated?
10:43Totally.
10:44I want to see the Europeans saying, well, trade war, thank you, but no, thank you.
10:49We are going to work with the rest of the world.
10:52Now, I'm actually optimist about where we are going to land because if you look at the history of humanity, it's a history of trade.
11:01Trade is like water.
11:03You put an obstacle, it goes around it.
11:06But it can go around it with more efficiency or less efficiency.
11:13Europe has to make the new world the multipolar world of multiple interests to work more efficiently.
11:21And actually, there is an appetite around the world.
11:25I hear it from our members for Europe to take this leadership role.
11:29Can that happen?
11:30And of course, we're in Bulgaria today.
11:32Ukraine is very close and you can really see it also in the side guys.
11:37Can you do all of that while also there's a war going on in the continent?
11:40I wonder just from your experience, of course, you were, if I remember correctly, if I've done the maths correctly, you were just 35 when the Iron Curtain fell.
11:48At that time, it seemed this is a new world of possibilities and now there's a war in continental Europe.
11:52Do you sometimes go, how do we end up here?
11:55I'll tell you, I never thought I would see a military power in Europe invading another country, but it happened.
12:03What we see in the world today is more unpredictability, the unthinkable taking place.
12:12And we have to recognize this is the world we live in and we will be living in.
12:17What does it mean? It means two things.
12:20Actually, it demands more cooperation, not less.
12:24First, when you have uncertainty, to see a path, you have to work more with others, with like minded.
12:33And second, it means more agility and adaptability.
12:38For Europe, this means also looking at the decision making process in Europe.
12:43Is it good? Is it adaptable enough for a fast changing world?
12:48And going back to my experience after the end of the Cold War, there was a period of euphoria when we embraced freedom and it was fantastic.
13:00And then hard reality hit.
13:03It is difficult to transform an economy.
13:07Now we have a world that is being hit by multiple forces of transformation, geopolitical, trade, technology, demography, climate.
13:19Just imagine how much more difficult it is to adapt and transform in this world.
13:26And actually, I believe that new member states, they should raise their voice even more on the importance of agility and adaptability in a transforming world.
13:39Because they know, they know from experience what it is.
13:43And you mentioned all of the issues, which are many.
13:45Obviously, now there's a war.
13:46There's a question of demographics.
13:48There's a question of climate.
13:49Now there's a question of rearming.
13:51Obviously, everyone has agreed to pay this 5% to NATO.
13:53But what I don't see, I see the many challenges, but I don't see the fiscal space.
13:57And I don't see political consensus around the budget.
14:00How do you go around this?
14:02What do you do when you don't have fiscal space?
14:05You create it.
14:06How do you create it?
14:08One, make Europe more competitive.
14:10Make it more productive.
14:11Raise the growth level to a point when we actually can create more space.
14:18Two, reform.
14:20I mean, how is it that reforms we all know have to take place, like pension reform, are so tough to do?
14:30I think we have to...
14:31The French has put it on hold.
14:32There's a lot of fatigue.
14:33We have to engage people and just be honest with people, saying, look, you, and more importantly, your children, your grandchildren, if you want them to live with a standard of living that is at par with your aspirations, Europe has to be more productive.
14:54Europeans who live longer have to work longer.
14:58When I was...
14:59You talk about the pre-Cold War, end of Cold War time.
15:04I was a professor in Bulgaria in these days.
15:07I was confident that I will retire as a professor at 55.
15:14Look at me now.
15:16I'm not going to disclose.
15:17Well, it's easy to find, but I sure am not 55, and I'm still working, and I'm happy to be productive.
15:24So we have to get these taboos in Europe around topics that are actually impediments to building the fiscal space you're talking about.
15:34And you mentioned the taboos in Europe.
15:36One of them obviously has to do with debt.
15:38There's a big debate.
15:39There's good debt.
15:40There's bad debt.
15:41I worry or I wonder if you worry about the trajectory that we see of debt to GDP in Europe, or do you go join debt in some areas can actually be good?
15:49So, two things.
15:50One, the trajectory in different countries is different.
15:54We are here in Bulgaria, debt to GDP is 24%.
15:58But even here, we are concerned that there may be a bit too much appetite to borrow.
16:04So countries where debt is very high, they really have to have medium-term strategy to bring it down.
16:10Because otherwise, it is suffocating the ability to invest in education, in artificial intelligence, in productive directions.
16:19Two, I very strongly believe that Europe should use its capacity to borrow together and deploy the resources together.
16:28You're in favor of join debt for critical areas.
16:31If you want to invest in the most effective manner, you have to pull resources and deploy resources in that manner.
16:41I know this is such a hard topic, but...
16:45You say it.
16:46Many have said it.
16:48Why is it not moving?
16:49You're a commissioner.
16:50You know the machine.
16:51What's the issue?
16:52Well, the issue is that, of course, we have 27 countries, different priorities, different decision-making processes.
17:03And it is a richness to have that diversity, but our decision-making processes are not quite fit for the speed of change of today's world.
17:17And what does your political instinct say?
17:19Is this going to happen ultimately?
17:21It happened in the pandemic.
17:22I believe that we will wrestle and then we will come on the right side of history, as we have done many times.
17:30I'm a big believer in Europe.
17:32I think the European project is an excitement.
17:37And I think we have to bring that excitement back.
17:41And then be honest with European people.
17:45You want to live well?
17:47Guess what?
17:48We have to work together.
17:50We have to deploy our resources more effectively together.
17:54And we have to be more productive.
17:56There is just no way around it.
17:58We cannot continue to spend money we don't have.
18:02And I have a final question.
18:03Of course, I have to ask this question because today we are recording this in Bulgaria.
18:09Obviously, you felt very strong.
18:11And this is something that you dedicated a lot of amount of personal energy, but also time to getting this country into the year.
18:18But I have to be honest, I've detected a form of anxiety, even from the airport to the studio, about the euro, about prices, about inflation, about what is this going to do to our country?
18:30Is it really going to make it better?
18:32What do you say to this?
18:33Because you can really feel this sense of anxiety about the changes in the pricing.
18:36What I can say to my beloved fellow Bulgarians is we have been in the eurozone now for many years because Bulgaria has a currency board.
18:50We have submitted our sovereignty on monetary policy first to the Bundesbank and then to the European Central Bank.
19:02We were in but with no right to vote.
19:05Now we are in and we have the right to vote and to benefit from the cushion that the eurozone provides to us.
19:15But the euro is a prerequisite for a more dynamic economy, not a guarantee for increased standard of living.
19:27We have to continue on the path to reforms to be strong economically on the basis of good fiscal policy, good debt management policy,
19:41and above all, focus on productivity of our people.
19:47Well, Madame Georgieva, thank you very much.
19:49And thank you for joining us on the Europe Conversation here on Euronews.
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