Cientistas criam versão de medicamento contra câncer 20 mil vezes mais eficaz e sem efeitos colaterais detectáveis

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Cientistas da Universidade Northwestern (EUA) desenvolveram uma versão do antigo quimioterápico 5-fluorouracilo (5-FU), utilizando nanotecnologia para reestruturá-lo em Ácidos Nucleicos Esféricos (SNAs). Esta inovação permite que o medicamento seja entregue de forma altamente seletiva diretamente às células cancerígenas (como as de Leucemia Mieloide Aguda), tornando-o até 20.000 vezes mais eficaz em testes com animais e eliminando os efeitos colaterais detectáveis associados ao 5-FU tradicional, ao mesmo tempo que retarda a progressão do câncer em 59 vezes.

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00:00Scientists create a version of a cancer drug that is 20,000 times more effective and has no detectable side effects.

00:08Medical science witnesses a milestone in the fight against cancer with the announcement from Northwestern University, United States,

00:15which, through nanotechnology, managed to restructure the old chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil, 5-Gufu.

00:23The innovation, published in the prestigious journal ACS Nano, transforms an essential drug into a highly selective therapy, promising in terms of efficacy and safety.

00:34The success of the reformulation lies in the conversion of 5-fluorine into spherical nucleic acids, SNAs.

00:415-Fluorine, which historically has problems with low solubility and widespread toxicity, has been chemically incorporated into the DNA strands that coat tiny nanospheres.

00:52The lead researcher, Dr. Shady Amirkin, explained the mechanism, noting that unlike traditional chemotherapy drugs which attack indiscriminately,

01:01Cancer cells, especially myeloid cells like those in leukemia, overexpress receptors on their surfaces.

01:10These receptors recognize and pull the SNAs into the cell in a natural way.

01:15Once internalized, the nanostructure is broken down by enzymes, releasing the chemotherapy drug directly to the tumor site.

01:24The problem is not the medication itself, but how the body processes it.

01:29Our structural nanomedicine preferentially targets myeloid cells.

01:33Instead of overwhelming the entire body with chemotherapy, it delivers a higher, focused dose exactly where it's needed, said Dr. Amirkin.

01:43highlighting that this approach solves the double flaw of traditional 5-fu: low solubility and lack of selectivity.

01:50Tests in animal models with acute myeloid leukemia, AML, an aggressive cancer with a difficult prognosis,

01:58They generated impressive results that point to a leap in effectiveness.

02:03The new formulation demonstrated a capacity to destroy leukemia cells up to 20,000 times greater than the standard 5-fu.

02:11Penetration into malignant cells was 12.5 times more efficient.

02:16Cancer progression was slowed by 59 times.

02:20Crucially, all this potential was observed without the detection of side effects in animal models.

02:28This lack of toxicity represents overcoming the biggest limitation of 5-fu.

02:33which is notoriously associated with severe adverse effects such as the common less suppressive,

02:37which includes a decrease in blood cells, stomatitis, and diarrhea.

02:41The importance of 5-fluorouracil, 5-fu, in the history of chemotherapy.

02:475-fu, synthesized in 1957, is an antimetabolite agent that has been used for decades in the treatment of solid cancers.

02:57like colorectal and breast cancer, by preventing cell replication.

03:00Northwestern's nanotechnology, by conferring selectivity, not only enhances its use,

03:07but it also transforms him into a precision agent.

03:11Although there is great enthusiasm, the therapy remains in the pre-clinical phase, having been tested so far on mice.

03:17The research team now plans to move forward with tests on larger animal models.

03:23an essential step before subjecting the technology to rigorous clinical trials in humans.

03:29To date, clinical trials with this specific formulation, SNA 5-fu, have not yet been published.

03:37The 5-fu games haven't been published yet.

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