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00:00En este episodio de Expedición Files.
00:04En 1975,
00:06Unión líder Jimmy Hoffa
00:07vanishes from a parking lot
00:09without a trace.
00:12¿Was it a mob hit?
00:14If so, where's the body?
00:16A new theory may finally solve
00:18one of the FBI's
00:19longest-running investigations.
00:25Then,
00:26the Holy Grail,
00:27the Cup of Jesus Christ,
00:29has been hunted
00:30by kings and crusaders.
00:32This biblical relic
00:34was said to be lost.
00:36Has it now been found?
00:41And,
00:42groundbreaking engineer
00:43Rudolf Diesel
00:44disappears on an ocean liner
00:46while transporting secret plans
00:48that could change the course
00:49of World War I.
00:51We reveal what may have been
00:53one of the greatest espionage
00:55operations in history.
00:59In the corridors of time
01:01are mysteries
01:05that defy explanation.
01:08Now,
01:09I'm traveling through
01:10history itself
01:12on a search
01:15for the truth.
01:18New evidence.
01:21Shocking answers.
01:24I'm Josh Gates.
01:26And these
01:28are my expedition files.
01:36One of my first jobs
01:38out of college
01:38was working as a waiter
01:40at a Hollywood institution
01:41called the Magic Castle,
01:43a private club for magicians.
01:45I learned two things
01:46working there.
01:47One,
01:48magicians are lousy tippers.
01:50And two,
01:50there's nothing an audience
01:51loves more
01:52than watching something disappear.
01:54So tonight,
01:55prepare to be amazed
01:57as we take vanishing acts
01:58to their most shocking extreme.
02:01I promise,
02:01no top hats,
02:03rabbits,
02:03or one-dollar tips in sight.
02:05We examine three
02:06of history's
02:07most extraordinary disappearances,
02:10people and things
02:11that were suddenly
02:12gone without a trace,
02:13leaving the rest
02:14of the world guessing.
02:16That is,
02:16until now.
02:18We begin on July 30th,
02:201975.
02:21It's a muggy afternoon
02:23just after 2.30 p.m.
02:25I'm standing outside
02:27the Maka's Red Fox Restaurant,
02:29about 20 miles
02:30northwest of Detroit.
02:31The guy on the payphone here,
02:33he isn't just
02:34your average angry diner.
02:35In fact,
02:36he's one of the most
02:37powerful men in America.
02:38This is Jimmy Hoffa.
02:40At 62,
02:41Hoffa is the former president
02:43of the Teamsters,
02:44the most formidable labor union
02:45in America.
02:46Right now,
02:47he's on the phone
02:48with his wife,
02:48Josephine,
02:49upset that he's been stood up
02:51for a crucial meeting.
02:52He tells her
02:53to throw some steaks
02:54on the grill
02:54and expect him back
02:55by 4 o'clock.
02:57But those steaks,
02:58well, they're gonna go cold.
02:59And Jimmy Hoffa
03:00isn't coming home for dinner.
03:02Because just minutes from now,
03:04he'll disappear,
03:05setting off one of the most
03:06extraordinary
03:07missing persons cases
03:08in history.
03:10For over 50 years,
03:11the world will ask
03:12the same question.
03:14What really happened
03:15to Jimmy Hoffa?
03:16And why has his body
03:17never been found?
03:19In the middle
03:36of the last century,
03:37pretty much everyone
03:38knows the name
03:38Jimmy Hoffa.
03:40To millions,
03:40he's a hero.
03:42As Teamster president,
03:43he stands up
03:43against big business
03:44to secure better wages
03:46and benefits
03:46for the blue-collar workers
03:48who depend on it.
03:56You've heard
03:57of the supply chain?
03:59The vast network
04:00that moves goods
04:01from factories to stores.
04:03Well, in the 20th century,
04:04the Teamsters control it.
04:06The organization
04:07of truck drivers
04:08and warehouse workers
04:09literally keeps
04:10the American economy moving.
04:12Hoffa rises through the ranks
04:13as a street-fighting labor organizer.
04:16He becomes union president
04:17in 1957.
04:19His influence is undeniable,
04:21but his methods
04:22are often controversial,
04:23even illegal.
04:28You see,
04:28in the 50s,
04:29organized crime
04:30has its hooks
04:31in a lot of local unions.
04:33In return for their loyalty
04:34and occasional muscle,
04:36Hoffa lets mob-connected
04:37businessmen
04:38borrow massive chunks of money
04:40from the Teamsters' pension fund.
04:42That money helps build
04:43glitzy Vegas hotels
04:44and casinos.
04:48The mob gets
04:49low-interest loans,
04:50and in exchange,
04:51they give union jobs
04:52to Teamsters,
04:53everyone from bellhops
04:55to cabbies.
05:00Workers adore Hoffa.
05:01The government?
05:02Not so much.
05:03Especially Attorney General
05:05Robert F. Kennedy.
05:06See,
05:07it's not just Hoffa's mob buddies
05:08who are breaking the law,
05:10Hoffa plays dirty himself.
05:12Extortion,
05:12wiretapping,
05:13embezzlement.
05:15In 1967,
05:16after years of attempts,
05:18the Feds,
05:18led by Kennedy,
05:19finally nail Jimmy
05:20for jury tampering
05:22and misusing
05:23union pension funds.
05:24He gets 13 years
05:26behind bars.
05:32With his raincoat
05:33covering handcuffs,
05:34Hoffa arrives at
05:35federal prison
05:36in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.
05:37It seems the
05:41street-fighting labor boss
05:42has finally met his match.
05:44But don't count
05:45Hoffa out just yet.
05:46He's about to get help
05:47from a very unlikely friend,
05:49President Richard Nixon.
05:51On December 23, 1971,
05:54Nixon commutes
05:54Hoffa's sentence,
05:56and Jimmy gets out
05:57after serving
05:57less than five years.
05:59Nixon thinks that
06:00freeing him
06:01will earn him support
06:02from Hoffa's loyal followers.
06:04But for Hoffa,
06:08freedom comes with a caveat.
06:10Nixon bars him
06:11from any union activity
06:12until 1980,
06:14effectively minimizing
06:15his power and influence.
06:18In 1974,
06:20Hoffa sues the government
06:21to lift the ban.
06:22With an appeal underway,
06:24Hoffa tries to shore up
06:25support for a run
06:26at the union presidency
06:27at the next election.
06:29Which brings us back
06:30to the restaurant parking lot
06:32on that muggy day
06:33in July of 1975.
06:36When Hoffa fails
06:37to arrive home,
06:39his family calls the police.
06:40The next morning,
06:41investigators find
06:42Hoffa's car
06:43in the Moccas Red Fox
06:45parking lot.
06:46There's no sign
06:47of a struggle
06:48and no sign of Jimmy.
06:50Several people report
06:51seeing the famous labor leader
06:52at the restaurant
06:53the day before.
06:54One witness claims
06:56she saw Hoffa
06:57get into a maroon
06:58Mercury sedan
06:59with three other men.
07:01It is the last time
07:02anyone will report
07:03seeing Hoffa alive.
07:07A nationwide manhunt
07:09is launched.
07:13As it heats up,
07:14rumors circulate
07:15that the mafia
07:16is involved
07:17in Hoffa's disappearance.
07:20Hoffa's family
07:20finds his date book
07:21and it makes the mob
07:23the prime suspect.
07:24It reveals the names
07:25of two men
07:26he intended to meet
07:27that day at the restaurant.
07:30Tony Giacalone,
07:31a.k.a. Tony Jack,
07:33a senior figure
07:34in the Detroit mob.
07:36And Tony Provenzano,
07:38a.k.a. Tony Pro,
07:40a capo or captain
07:42for the Genovese crime family.
07:45Investigators track down
07:46both Tonys.
07:47Each has a strong alibi
07:49and deny that a meeting
07:50with Hoffa
07:51was even scheduled.
07:54But there is a thread
07:58for the investigators
07:59to pull on.
08:00Tony Giacalone's son
08:01happens to own
08:02a Mercury sedan,
08:03just like the one
08:04the eyewitness described.
08:06And there's another
08:07interesting wrinkle.
08:09A man called
08:09Chucky O'Brien
08:10borrowed the car
08:11that morning
08:12to supposedly run
08:13some errands.
08:14Chucky was a known
08:15Hoffa union associate.
08:17Jimmy treated him
08:18like a stepson.
08:23When authorities
08:24process the car,
08:25they find bloodstains
08:26on the seat.
08:27And that's not all.
08:29A few strands of hair
08:30matching Hoffa's color
08:31also go into
08:32evidence bags.
08:34Police dogs
08:35hit on Hoffa's scent,
08:37suggesting Jimmy
08:37was in the back seat
08:38and, even more disturbingly,
08:40the trunk.
08:41But O'Brien claims
08:45he didn't pick Jimmy up
08:46at the Moccas Red Fox
08:47that day.
08:48And the blood
08:49on the seat?
08:50Chucky says that comes
08:51from a salmon
08:52he delivered
08:52to a teamster's house
08:54that morning.
08:54If this all sounds
08:58very fishy to you,
09:00you're not alone.
09:01However,
09:01tests on the blood
09:02reveal O'Brien
09:03is telling the truth,
09:05at least about the salmon.
09:06It's fish blood,
09:07not human.
09:08As to the hair,
09:09well,
09:10it's the mid-70s
09:11and we're more than
09:12a decade away
09:12from DNA technology
09:14that could confirm
09:15whether it belonged
09:16to Hoffa.
09:19Days turn to weeks
09:20and there's still
09:21no sign of Jimmy.
09:23In November of 1915,
09:24nearly four months
09:26after the disappearance,
09:27investigators catch a break.
09:30Ralph Picardo,
09:31a mob-connected convict
09:32serving time for murder,
09:34claims he knows
09:35the truth
09:35of Hoffa's disappearance
09:36and gives up
09:37the details to the feds
09:39in exchange
09:39for a reduced sentence.
09:41Ralph points the finger
09:43at the two Tonys,
09:44saying they sent
09:45four wise guys
09:46to kidnap Hoffa
09:47from the Moccas Red Fox
09:48and that they took him
09:50to a second location
09:51where he was shot
09:52and killed.
09:54Then, according to Picardo,
10:03the body was packed
10:04into a 55-gallon drum,
10:06loaded on a truck
10:07and driven
10:08to a mob-controlled
10:09landfill in New Jersey
10:10where it was buried.
10:11However, several days
10:16of searching at the dump
10:17turns up little more
10:18than toxic waste
10:19and animal bones
10:20likely discarded
10:21from nearby meat processing plants.
10:24In late 1975,
10:26a grand jury grills
10:27Tony Pro,
10:29Tony Jack,
10:29and several of the other
10:31alleged mob co-conspirators.
10:33But nobody talks.
10:35They all plead the fifth.
10:36With scant evidence
10:38and no body,
10:39the case of the missing union leader
10:41goes colder
10:42than the Detroit River
10:43in February.
10:44In 1982,
10:46authorities declare
10:47Jimmy Hoffa
10:48legally dead,
10:49despite never in any way
10:51answering what happened to him.
10:53The world is left mystified
10:55as to his final fate.
10:56But then,
10:5719 years later,
10:58a game-changing revelation
11:00will crack the case
11:01wide open.
11:02In 2001,
11:1119 years after
11:12Jimmy Hoffa went missing,
11:14a shocking discovery
11:15jolts the case
11:16back into the national spotlight.
11:19DNA testing confirms
11:20the hair found in the car
11:21is Hoffa's.
11:23There's no longer any doubt.
11:25The infamous union boss
11:26was inside that vehicle.
11:28But where was he taken?
11:30And what was done to him?
11:31For over two decades,
11:33Mafia historian
11:34Christian Cipollini
11:35has dug into
11:36the blood-soaked theories
11:38surrounding what happened
11:39to Hoffa
11:40and his body.
11:43The Hoffa case
11:44fascinates me
11:45because this is something
11:47that doesn't have closure.
11:49It's like the JFK assassination.
11:51It's like the disappearance
11:52of Amelia Earhart.
11:54We want some answers.
11:56One of the first
11:57major theories
11:59that really stuck
12:00in the American psyche
12:01came to light
12:03when a former mobster
12:05named Tony the Greek,
12:06he said Hoffa was killed
12:08and then transported
12:09to New Jersey
12:11and buried
12:12under the giant stadium
12:15which they were building
12:15at the time.
12:17The problem with that theory
12:18is that the Mafia
12:20likes to do things
12:22in a practical way.
12:24Keep it simple.
12:25What the mob
12:26probably didn't do
12:28was pack the body
12:30of the most famous
12:31missing man in America
12:33on a truck
12:34taking it across state lines
12:36to bury it
12:38in such an extravagant way.
12:42Rumors swelled
12:43into an urban legend
12:44that Jimmy Hoffa
12:45was buried
12:46in the stadium's foundations
12:47but when it was demolished
12:49in 2010,
12:50no trace of him
12:51was found.
12:51Which leads us
12:56to popular theory
12:57number two,
12:58the Irishman.
12:59In 2003,
13:01Frank Sheeran,
13:01a former Teamster official
13:03and alleged mob hitman,
13:04is dying of cancer.
13:06On his deathbed,
13:07he gives a jaw-dropping confession
13:09to his lawyer.
13:11He claims Hoffa
13:12was abducted
13:13and murdered
13:13by the mob.
13:15Sheeran says
13:16he was not only there
13:17that day
13:17but he was the one
13:18who actually pulled
13:19the trigger.
13:21Sheeran's confession
13:22becomes a best-selling book,
13:24later adapted
13:25into Martin Scorsese's movie
13:27The Irishman
13:27in which he's played
13:28by Robert De Niro.
13:31Sheeran gives
13:31the exact address
13:32of a house in Detroit
13:34where he claims
13:35Hoffa was murdered.
13:35In 2004,
13:45investigators tear up
13:46the floorboards
13:47and they do discover blood.
13:49Unfortunately,
13:50it's not a match
13:51for Hoffa.
13:53The only evidence
13:54of Frank Sheeran
13:56being involved
13:57in the Hoffa
13:58hit and disappearance
13:59were his own claims.
14:00and his own story
14:02changed many times
14:04over the years.
14:06The Irishman theory
14:07is great pop culture
14:09Americana,
14:11but it doesn't rest
14:12on solid evidence.
14:16So what really happened
14:18to Hoffa's body?
14:19Why hasn't it been found?
14:21Over the years,
14:22dozens of theories
14:23have been put forward,
14:24mostly by former wise guys
14:26looking for 15 minutes
14:27of fame
14:27and a quick buck.
14:28One claims Hoffa
14:30was dumped
14:30in the Florida Everglades.
14:32Another swears
14:33he was dropped
14:33out of an airplane
14:34into the Great Lakes.
14:36Yet another says
14:37he buried Hoffa
14:38beneath a swimming pool.
14:39It's estimated
14:40the FBI has spent
14:41tens of millions
14:42of dollars
14:43chasing bogus leads.
14:45In 2022,
14:46they even reinvestigated
14:47the dump in New Jersey.
14:49But once again,
14:50they came up empty-handed.
14:5350 years of searching
14:55for the body
14:57of Jimmy Hoffa.
14:58What they did right
15:00in this hit,
15:02we assume,
15:03is they destroyed
15:04the body.
15:07So if it is the mob,
15:08how did they make Hoffa
15:09disappear permanently?
15:11In 2025,
15:12it's revealed
15:13that the FBI
15:14caught a major break
15:15when Detroit mobster
15:16Anthony Palazzolo,
15:18a.k.a.
15:19Tony Powell,
15:20confesses to the hit,
15:21saying he turned Hoffa
15:23into literal mincemeat
15:24at his place of business,
15:26the Detroit Sausage Company.
15:27Supposedly,
15:28the remains
15:29are then cremated
15:30at a mob-owned dump
15:31called Central Sanitation.
15:33And Christian believes
15:34the evidence
15:35was then further erased.
15:37from Marcus Red Fox
15:39to the Central Sanitation
15:41is just a short drive.
15:44This entire crime
15:46could have been carried out
15:48in less than an hour.
15:51A year or so later,
15:52Central Sanitation
15:53burned to the ground,
15:55and you wouldn't be able
15:56to find any evidence,
15:57even if it was there.
15:58The key to pulling off
16:01this perfect crime
16:02was leave no body.
16:07Run through a sausage grinder
16:09and cremated
16:10not once,
16:11but twice.
16:12Tony Powell's confession
16:13suggests a logical
16:14and grisly conclusion
16:16to the Hoffa mystery.
16:18Jimmy Hoffa
16:18was a titan of his age,
16:20but in death,
16:21his remains
16:22will never be found,
16:23because there's
16:24nothing to find.
16:25Hoffa's final resting place
16:27has gone up in smoke,
16:29literally.
16:38From a missing man
16:40who helped shape a century
16:42to a missing object
16:43that shaped
16:44the last two millennia,
16:46it's the year 33 AD,
16:48just outside
16:49the city walls of Jerusalem.
16:51This group of men here,
16:52they're guests
16:53at history's
16:54most famous dinner party.
16:55That one there
16:56is Peter.
16:57And over in the shadows,
16:59brooding and restless,
17:01Judas.
17:01And then,
17:02there's our host,
17:04Jesus of Nazareth.
17:06According to Christian scripture,
17:08by this time tomorrow,
17:09Jesus will be executed
17:11on a Roman cross,
17:12and the simple cup
17:13he now lifts
17:14is about to become
17:16Christendom's
17:16most sacred
17:17and most controversial relic,
17:20the Holy Grail.
17:21Many will come to believe
17:23the Grail grants
17:24divine power
17:25or even
17:26eternal life,
17:27but soon
17:28it will vanish.
17:29Will it be lost forever,
17:31or will it end up
17:32hiding
17:33in plain sight?
17:34The story of the Grail
17:47is one of mystery.
17:49The Bible doesn't even provide
17:51a physical description of it.
17:54The Gospels of Matthew,
17:56Mark,
17:56and Luke,
17:57written more than a half a century
17:58after Jesus' death,
18:00refer simply to
18:01a cup.
18:02The cup is used
18:03ceremonially
18:04to represent
18:05Christ's sacrifice.
18:08The scripture also
18:09has nothing to say
18:10about where this cup
18:11went after the
18:12fateful supper,
18:13nor any of the
18:14subsequent claims
18:15of its magical qualities.
18:17For centuries,
18:18it seems to have
18:19simply vanished.
18:25Then,
18:25in the Middle Ages,
18:26tales emerge
18:27of the Grail
18:28as an artifact
18:29imbued
18:29with incredible power.
18:32Mostly set
18:32in the mystical realm
18:33of King Arthur,
18:34these are stories
18:35of heroic knights
18:36and sacred mysteries.
18:38Think of them
18:39as the Star Wars saga,
18:40only set a long time ago
18:41in a castle
18:42far, far away.
18:46But here's where
18:47things get really interesting,
18:49because at the same time
18:50that we get these
18:51medieval myths
18:52about the chivalrous knights
18:53of the Round Table,
18:55there's also a real-life group
18:56of God's warriors,
18:58the Knights Templar,
18:59an order of military monks,
19:02equal parts holy
19:03and badass.
19:04They roam the Christian world
19:06with one foot in the church
19:07and the other
19:08on the battlefield.
19:10After the First Crusade,
19:12they're charged
19:13with protecting
19:13wealthy Christian pilgrims
19:15on their travels
19:16to the Holy Land.
19:17The Templar's home base
19:18is in the heart
19:19of Jerusalem,
19:20and it's said
19:21to contain vast wealth
19:22and holy relics.
19:25Rumors begin to spread.
19:27Did they discover
19:29Jesus' chalice
19:30and keep it
19:31for themselves?
19:32If so,
19:34where did they put it?
19:38The Holy Grail
19:39could be anywhere
19:40across the vast
19:41Templar network,
19:43stretching from
19:43England to Syria.
19:45But in 1312,
19:46the Templars
19:47are forcibly disbanded,
19:49without ever revealing
19:50if they did indeed
19:51get the Grail.
19:52In the centuries
19:53that follow,
19:54the legend and lore
19:55of Christ's Cup
19:56only grows,
19:58with many vessels
19:59emerging that people
20:00claim are the real deal.
20:04There's the Silver Antioch Chalice,
20:07found in the ruins
20:07of a church in Turkey.
20:11The Onyx Chalice
20:12of Doña Araca,
20:13housed in a basilica
20:14in Spain.
20:17And who could forget
20:18the Nantios Cup,
20:19a humble wooden bowl
20:21from a monastery
20:21in Wales.
20:22At least that one
20:24looks like the cup
20:24of a carpenter.
20:27In fact,
20:28over 200 vessels
20:29across Europe
20:30have,
20:31at one time or another,
20:32been presented
20:33as the possible
20:34Holy Grail.
20:35Most of them,
20:36well,
20:36let's just say
20:37they don't hold water.
20:43But a couple
20:44seem real enough
20:45to cause
20:45even skeptical
20:46Grail-seekers
20:47to take a second look.
20:48Behold the Sacro Catino,
20:52a.k.a.
20:53the Genoa Chalice.
20:54Sure,
20:55it looks like
20:55a satellite dish
20:56from the Emerald City,
20:58but according
20:58to the medieval
20:59chronicle
21:00of the Italian
21:00city of Genoa,
21:02crusaders seized
21:03this mysterious
21:04green vessel
21:05during the capture
21:06of the biblical
21:07city of Caesarea
21:08in the year 1101.
21:10Now,
21:10according to the chronicle,
21:12the chalice
21:12is said to be crafted
21:13out of pure emerald
21:15and is associated
21:16with the Last Supper,
21:17fueling the belief
21:19that it could possess
21:20extraordinary powers.
21:22The cup even appears
21:23to glow from within,
21:25radiating what some
21:26have said
21:26is a divine light.
21:28But can the Genoa Chalice
21:30be proven
21:31to be the true
21:32Holy Grail?
21:40In the Middle Ages,
21:41the Emerald Genoa Chalice
21:43is considered by many
21:44to be the Holy Grail.
21:46In the 1800s,
21:47when Napoleon
21:48annexes Genoa,
21:49the French emperor
21:50personally demands
21:51that the prized chalice
21:52is shipped
21:53to the Paris Academy
21:54of Sciences
21:55to verify
21:56its authenticity.
22:00But while in transit
22:01from Genoa to France,
22:03the cup fractures.
22:05Upon examination,
22:06Parisian scientists
22:07determined the dish
22:08is not an emerald at all,
22:10but Byzantine glass.
22:12That's a big problem
22:13because this particular
22:15style of glass
22:15was not in use
22:16until hundreds of years
22:18after Jesus' death.
22:19And so it becomes
22:21another failed contender
22:22in the enduring quest
22:23for the Holy Grail.
22:25And as it turns out,
22:33Napoleon isn't the only
22:34power-hungry authoritarian
22:36to seek the Grail.
22:39A century later,
22:41Adolf Hitler
22:42becomes fascinated
22:43with the Grail
22:44and its supposed powers.
22:46His most lethal enforcer,
22:48Heinrich Himmler,
22:49reportedly dispatches
22:50the Nazi SS
22:51on expeditions across Europe
22:54in search of the relic.
22:59For more on this,
23:00please see Indiana Jones
23:01and the Last Crusade.
23:04And Indy's adventure
23:06is just one of many
23:07modern spins
23:08on the Grail legend.
23:12If you look around,
23:13Grail mythology
23:14is everywhere in pop culture.
23:17From Dan Brown's
23:18Da Vinci Code
23:19to Monty Python
23:21to gaming's
23:22Assassin's Creed franchise.
23:25To the faithful,
23:27the Holy Grail remains
23:28not a thing of fiction,
23:30but a divine relic
23:31that could still be found.
23:33Despite centuries
23:34of pursuit, though,
23:35it has remained elusive.
23:37But now,
23:38Professor of History
23:38and Folklore
23:39Dr. Lynn McNeil
23:40claims there may be
23:42compelling new evidence
23:43for the Grail's existence.
23:46Within the context
23:47of Christianity,
23:48the Grail
23:49is one of the most
23:52sacred objects
23:53on this planet today.
23:55And we're left wondering
23:57what happened.
23:59If we still have it,
24:01if it is findable,
24:02if it exists,
24:03if it is extant
24:04in the world,
24:06this would be magnificent.
24:08Recent research
24:09is starting to show
24:10that the Chalice of Valencia
24:12is the historic
24:15Cup of Christ.
24:16This may be more
24:18than just a local belief.
24:20This could actually
24:20be possible.
24:22The Holy Chalice
24:23of Valencia,
24:24also known as
24:25the Santo Caliz,
24:26has been protected
24:27in the Cathedral
24:28of Valencia, Spain
24:29for the last 600 years.
24:31Although details
24:32are spotty,
24:33it is believed
24:34the chalice came
24:34from the Holy Land
24:35to Rome
24:36with St. Peter
24:37in the 1st century AD.
24:39Later,
24:40in the 3rd century,
24:41St. Lawrence
24:41brought the cup
24:42to his native Spain
24:43where it has been
24:44safeguarded for centuries.
24:46Since arriving
24:47in Valencia,
24:48religious pilgrims
24:49have traveled
24:49from all around
24:50the world
24:51to glimpse
24:51what they believe
24:52to be the one
24:53true cup.
24:55But others
24:56are unconvinced.
24:57After all,
24:58it's kind of hard
24:58to imagine Jesus
24:59would use something
25:00this ornate.
25:02But in 1960,
25:04a Spanish archaeologist
25:05discovers this chalice
25:06is actually
25:07three separate pieces.
25:09He claims
25:09the stand of the cup
25:10comes from the medieval period,
25:12while the base
25:13dates to the 9th century.
25:16But here's the kicker.
25:18The cup itself
25:19was crafted
25:20between the 2nd century BC
25:21and the 1st century AD,
25:23and the agate stone
25:25it's made from
25:25is only found
25:26in the Holy Land.
25:28This cup really
25:28could date
25:29from the time
25:30and place of Jesus.
25:33The entire cup itself
25:35is not what Jesus
25:37would have drank out of,
25:39just that top part
25:40that simple stone cup.
25:43That would be the grail.
25:45The rest of it
25:46would be casing
25:48placed around it.
25:50And this is a common practice
25:51of putting sacred objects
25:53in an intentionally
25:54ornate container
25:56to show their importance
25:58through the way
25:58we display them.
26:01Another interesting element
26:03is the idea
26:04that this cup
26:06would have needed
26:07to meet certain
26:08ritual requirements.
26:10A lot of people
26:11forget that
26:12the Last Supper
26:12wasn't just any meal.
26:14It was a Seder.
26:15It was a Passover meal.
26:17Any cup used
26:18in the Passover meal
26:19needs to hold
26:20a minimum amount
26:22of liquid.
26:23And this particular cup
26:25is just the right size
26:28to hold the required
26:30two revets
26:32is the Talmudic measurement
26:33that's needed
26:34to be held with wine.
26:36And this holds 2.5.
26:39So to know
26:39that this holy chalice,
26:41that it's dated
26:42to the right time period,
26:43that it is ritually correct
26:45for a Passover dinner.
26:47For believers,
26:48these elements
26:49really just become
26:51the final proof
26:53that this is,
26:54not just in our hearts,
26:55but in history,
26:56the holy grail.
26:57To many,
27:06this case
27:07is far from closed.
27:09After all,
27:09the chalice
27:10has many gaps
27:11in its history
27:11before arriving in Spain.
27:13Like many religious mysteries,
27:15this ultimately comes down
27:17to a question of faith.
27:19The grail's significance
27:20lies in what it represents
27:22to those who seek it,
27:23whether that means
27:24it's a physical cup or not.
27:26I'll raise a glass to that.
27:31Nearly 2,000 years
27:33after the grail vanishes,
27:35another disappearance
27:36sends shockwaves
27:37through history.
27:38It's September 29th, 1913.
27:41I'm about to board
27:42the SS Dresden,
27:44a British passenger liner
27:45sailing from Belgium
27:46bound for England.
27:48Checking in behind me,
27:49a brilliant engineer
27:51named Rudolf Diesel.
27:52The very name
27:53powers the world,
27:55engine and fuel alike.
27:57And in his suitcase
27:58are revolutionary designs,
28:00ideas that could
28:01challenge empires,
28:03rattle industries,
28:04and maybe
28:04even get a man killed.
28:06And sure enough,
28:07by dawn,
28:08Diesel will disappear.
28:10For over 100 years,
28:12historians will spin
28:13their wheels
28:13asking what really
28:15happened to him.
28:16That is,
28:17until a new theory
28:18fuels the search
28:19for answers.
28:20In the late 19th century,
28:32the world is racing
28:33toward the future,
28:34but its steam-powered
28:35engines are stuck
28:37in the past,
28:38burning through coal,
28:39guzzling water,
28:40and constantly breaking down.
28:45Enter Rudolf Diesel,
28:47a German engineer
28:48with a mind
28:48like a finely-tuned machine.
28:50Precise,
28:51relentless,
28:52and absolutely obsessed
28:53with efficiency.
29:01In 1897,
29:02he unveils
29:03his masterwork,
29:04the engine
29:04that bears his name.
29:07The diesel engine's innovation,
29:09compression ignition.
29:10That means air inside
29:13the engine's cylinder
29:14gets squeezed
29:15really hard
29:16until the pressure
29:16makes it white-hot.
29:18Then,
29:18fuel is injected
29:19and spontaneously combusts,
29:22creating a massive
29:23amount of power.
29:25It's cheaper than steam,
29:27and best of all,
29:28no more coal shoveling.
29:30Diesel's prototype
29:30is fueled
29:31with peanut oil.
29:35Almost overnight,
29:36diesel's engine
29:37becomes an economic
29:38and industrial game-changer
29:40around the world.
29:42Soon,
29:42diesel achieves
29:43incredible wealth
29:44and fame.
29:45But success
29:46comes with serious headaches.
29:48Rivals want his secrets.
29:50Powerful industries
29:51feel threatened.
29:53The German government
29:54wants greater control
29:55of their favored son.
29:57And over the next decade,
29:59diesel's fortune slips away.
30:02Lost to bad investments,
30:04legal battles,
30:05and his own lavish lifestyle.
30:09By 1913,
30:11Europe is at a crossroads.
30:13The storm clouds
30:14of World War I
30:15are gathering.
30:16Desperate for cash
30:17to pay down his debts,
30:19diesel makes a bold
30:20and risky move,
30:21taking on a business partner
30:23to open a diesel engine plant
30:25in England.
30:26That's where he's headed
30:26on the SS Dresden
30:28to cut the ribbon
30:29on his brand new
30:30English factory.
30:31But with pre-war tensions
30:32rising between Britain
30:34and diesel's native Germany,
30:36transferring cutting-edge technology
30:37is a dangerous game.
30:45The morning of September 30th,
30:47diesel's business partner
30:48expects to meet him
30:50for breakfast.
30:52When the famously
30:53punctual diesel
30:54doesn't show,
30:55his partner pays a visit
30:56to his cabin.
31:01Inside,
31:02diesel's nightshirt
31:03lays neatly atop the bed,
31:05which hasn't been slept in.
31:06His gold watch,
31:08luggage,
31:08and his wallet
31:09are in the room.
31:10But neither diesel
31:11nor the important documents
31:13he's said to be traveling with
31:14are anywhere to be found.
31:16His diary is empty,
31:18save for the sign
31:19of a cross
31:20penciled next to
31:21yesterday's date,
31:22September 29th,
31:23the last time anyone
31:25saw Rudolph diesel.
31:27Famous inventor
31:37Rudolph diesel
31:38is on his way
31:39to England
31:39on the SS Dresden
31:40when he mysteriously
31:42vanishes.
31:45The crew scours the decks
31:47for any sign
31:47of the missing engineer.
31:51At the stern of the ship,
31:53a curious discovery.
31:55Diesel's hat and jacket
31:56neatly folded
31:57near the railing.
31:58The crew declares him
31:59a man overboard.
32:01Almost immediately,
32:03news of diesel's disappearance
32:04makes international headlines.
32:07And 11 days later,
32:08the story takes
32:09a truly tragic turn.
32:12Sailors aboard a Dutch steamer
32:14find a body
32:15floating in the North Sea.
32:17Given the state
32:19of decomposition,
32:20they retrieve
32:20a few personal effects
32:22before returning
32:23the dead man
32:23to a watery grave.
32:28Diesel's son
32:29later identifies
32:30a pillbox
32:31and an eyeglasses case
32:32as belonging
32:33to his father.
32:35Diesel's family
32:35claims it must
32:36have been an accident.
32:37But the sea
32:38was calm that night
32:39and the Dresden's railings
32:41were too high
32:42for a simple misstep.
32:43If Diesel went overboard,
32:45it wasn't by chance.
32:47But could it have been
32:48by choice?
32:52Perhaps Diesel's
32:53dire financial situation
32:55prompted him
32:56to commit suicide.
32:57For a man
32:58who revolutionized engines,
33:00his bank account
33:00was running on fumes.
33:02Before he set sail,
33:04he gave his wife
33:04a sealed bag,
33:06instructing her
33:07not to open it
33:07for a week.
33:09After his presumed death,
33:10she looks inside,
33:11finding documents
33:12revealing his deep debt
33:14and 20,000 marks
33:16worth about $120,000 today.
33:19This final gesture
33:20would seem to frame this
33:22as a suicide.
33:23But is it?
33:25Because here's the thing.
33:26No one who knows Diesel
33:28believes he's capable
33:29of self-harm.
33:30Not his friends,
33:31not his family,
33:32not his colleagues.
33:34Yes, he was in debt,
33:35but he was also on the verge
33:36of winning another fortune.
33:38And for a man
33:39as meticulous as Diesel,
33:40there was no note,
33:42no will,
33:43just that enigmatic cross
33:44in his diary.
33:45It all seems
33:46very out of character.
33:48And then there's
33:49the missing important documents
33:50Diesel was said
33:51to be traveling with,
33:53which leads many to believe
33:54that this isn't a suicide
33:56on the high seas,
33:57but a maritime murder.
34:02The approach of World War I
34:04makes the Diesel mystery
34:06even murkier.
34:09At the time,
34:10submarines are the hottest
34:11thing in warfare,
34:12and Diesel's engine
34:13could superpower them,
34:14making them cheaper,
34:16faster,
34:17with more range,
34:18giving whoever has
34:19Diesel's technology
34:20a deadly advantage.
34:23The Kaiser wants that tech
34:24locked down in Germany.
34:26The government warns Diesel,
34:28share it with foreign powers,
34:29and it's treason.
34:31But the engineer believes
34:32his invention is for everyone,
34:34not just one military.
34:36And there's more.
34:40Diesel's journey
34:41has a double agenda.
34:43Publicly,
34:44he was set to attend
34:45the ribbon-cutting
34:45of his new factory,
34:47set to build engines
34:48for agricultural machines
34:49and cargo ships.
34:51But behind the scenes,
34:52he was meeting
34:53with British military officials,
34:55discussing how his engines,
34:56German-designed engines,
34:58could power specialized
34:59British warships,
35:01including submarines.
35:02Some believe German agents
35:06silenced Diesel
35:06to keep his plans
35:08out of enemy hands.
35:20Possible,
35:21but as it turns out,
35:22the Kaiser isn't the only one
35:24with the motive
35:24and means
35:25to do Diesel in.
35:27His engine
35:28doesn't just threaten
35:28military power,
35:29it threatens big oil.
35:32Unlike gasoline,
35:33Diesel's engine runs
35:34on peanut oil
35:35or coal tar,
35:36cheap fuels
35:37that don't require
35:38massive oil empires.
35:40Empires like that
35:41of the world's richest man,
35:42J.D. Rockefeller,
35:44who has a reputation
35:45for protecting his riches
35:46by any means necessary.
35:50As intriguing
35:51as the murder theory may be,
35:53there is a glaring problem.
35:55Not a shred of evidence
35:56has surfaced
35:57in over a century
35:58to prove Diesel
35:59was assassinated
36:00by the German government
36:01or Big Oil,
36:02operations that would surely
36:04have left witnesses
36:05and some sort of paper trail.
36:07So,
36:07if he wasn't murdered
36:08and he didn't commit suicide,
36:11then what happened
36:12to Rudolf Diesel?
36:13Could it be
36:14that he didn't die
36:15at all?
36:20While Jimmy Hoffa
36:21vanished without a trace,
36:23leaving only rumors
36:24of his fate,
36:25other mob hits
36:26unfolded in broad daylight
36:27designed to stun the public.
36:30In 1957,
36:31Albert Anastasia,
36:33once head of Murder, Inc.,
36:34was gunned down
36:35in a New York barbershop,
36:37a towel over his face
36:38as bullets tore him apart.
36:41In 1979,
36:43Carmine Galante
36:43was murdered
36:44mid-meal in Brooklyn,
36:46a cigar clenched
36:47between his teeth.
36:49Then,
36:49in 1985,
36:50Gambino boss
36:51Paul Castellano
36:52was brazenly executed
36:54outside
36:55Sparks Steakhouse
36:56in Manhattan,
36:57ambushed in the street
36:58as crowds looked on.
37:00These assassinations
37:01were more than power plays.
37:03They were spectacles.
37:05Unlike Hoffa's
37:06vanishing act,
37:06they left indelible,
37:08gruesome evidence,
37:09reminders that the mafia
37:11often preferred
37:12its messages
37:12written in blood.
37:17Rudolf Diesel
37:18was one of the greatest
37:20engineering minds
37:21our world has ever known.
37:23Now,
37:23a bold new theory
37:24shakes up everything
37:25we thought we knew
37:27about what happened to him.
37:28Author and historian
37:29Douglas Brunt
37:30claims that there's
37:32a shocking truth
37:32behind Diesel's disappearance,
37:35something you'd
37:35never expect.
37:37Rudolf Diesel
37:38is the most
37:38underappreciated inventor
37:40of his time.
37:41He had a very
37:42sort of liberal approach
37:43to the sharing of information
37:44around the technology.
37:46And Diesel abhorred
37:48of the nationalism
37:48and the more aggressive
37:50foreign policy
37:51of the Germans.
37:52There was also evidence
37:53that he had very high contact
37:55with the British Royal Navy,
37:56which was at that time
37:57run by Winston Churchill.
37:59And so,
38:00the most likely conclusion
38:01of the Diesel mystery,
38:03looking at all the evidence,
38:04is that he did not
38:05slip and fall overboard,
38:07he did not commit suicide,
38:09he was not murdered,
38:11but with the assistance
38:12of British naval intelligence,
38:13he staged
38:14his own disappearance.
38:15Brunt believes the British
38:19government orchestrated
38:20one of history's
38:21greatest cover-ups,
38:23faking Rudolf Diesel's death
38:24to secretly harness
38:26his genius
38:26while protecting him
38:28from deadly
38:29German retribution.
38:31My belief is that
38:32Rudolf Diesel
38:32got on the Dresden
38:33and then got right back off.
38:39And then the Dresden
38:40left without him.
38:43This is supported
38:44by the steward's cabin list,
38:46saying he was not aboard
38:47when the Dresden set sail.
38:50In the very first days
38:52after Diesel's disappearance,
38:53the mysterious details
38:54of his financial position
38:55start to show up
38:56in the media
38:56to try to get
38:58the suicide theory
38:59and get some traction.
39:01If they wanted to
39:02get it to look like
39:03Diesel was sad
39:04and depressed
39:05and suicidal
39:05and bankrupt,
39:06it'd be very easy
39:07to plant those kinds
39:08of stories
39:08and get it printed.
39:10Spinning a tale
39:11of Diesel's despair
39:12may have fueled
39:13the suicide theory,
39:14but what about
39:15the body found at sea,
39:17the one bearing
39:18his belongings,
39:19yet strangely,
39:20never recovered
39:21for autopsy?
39:23It's possible
39:24there may have been
39:25a corpse
39:25as part of this deception.
39:27Perhaps British intelligence
39:28felt they needed
39:29to float a corpse
39:30out there,
39:30some happenstance
39:32steamer would come upon,
39:34but then strangely,
39:36there are no interviews
39:36with the fishermen
39:37on record,
39:38there's no record
39:40of their names,
39:41and they return
39:42the corpse
39:43to the water,
39:44which is not
39:44the custom of the day.
39:46Okay,
39:46so we've got
39:47young Winston Churchill
39:48and the British Royal Navy
39:50executing a plan
39:51to drop a dead body
39:53into the ocean,
39:54one that isn't Diesel,
39:55to mislead
39:56the German government.
39:57Sounds a little out there,
39:58but what if I told you
39:59that Churchill pulled
40:00exactly the same stunt
40:0230 years later
40:03during World War II
40:04in something known
40:05as Operation Mincemeat?
40:08Operation Mincemeat
40:09was a World War II
40:10deception operation
40:11using a corpse.
40:12They handcuffed
40:13a briefcase
40:14with fake battle plans
40:15to a corpse
40:16and floated it
40:16into the coast of Spain
40:17where they knew
40:18Nazi agents
40:18would find it.
40:20And Hitler took the bait.
40:21He thought we were
40:22going one way,
40:23we went the other.
40:24Operation Rudolph Diesel
40:26could be a precursor
40:28to Operation Mincemeat.
40:30And then there's
40:31the bizarrely
40:32exceptional performance
40:34of the submarines
40:34of the British Navy
40:35in the war.
40:36And they're all
40:37diesel-powered.
40:39So it seems like
40:40diesel might actually
40:41have been alive
40:42in the service
40:43of Churchill's
40:44Royal Navy
40:45building submarine diesels
40:46in Canada
40:47for the war effort.
40:48There's an interesting
40:50final twist
40:51to this theory.
40:53In 1914,
40:54a newspaper
40:54ran a story
40:55claiming Rudolph Diesel
40:57was alive
40:57and living in Canada.
40:59Maybe the story
41:00was a hoax
41:00or maybe British
41:02intelligence
41:02had it buried.
41:04Coincidentally,
41:04around that time,
41:06Vickers Shipyard
41:07in Montreal
41:07suddenly became
41:08much more successful
41:10at churning out
41:11diesel engines
41:12for submarines.
41:13Today,
41:14a century after
41:15his disappearance,
41:16Rudolph Diesel's
41:17engines are still
41:18running all over
41:19the world,
41:20proving,
41:20if nothing else,
41:21his legacy
41:22is alive and well.
41:24I'm Josh Gates,
41:25and I'll see you
41:26on the next expedition.
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