00:00Gatulio Vargas left his mark on Brazilian politics, ruling for 18 years.
00:06The most authoritarian period of his government was the Estado Novo, new state, which ended with his deposition.
00:14Learn more about this period in this video.
00:16The Vargas era began when Gatulio came to power through the 1930 revolution, ending the coffee-with-milk policy.
00:32In the first years, he governed provisionally until being elected by Congress in 1934, inaugurating the constitutional phase of his government.
00:41After being elected, Vargas experienced a period of turmoil, with domestic political movements gaining more support and organizing demonstrations,
00:53especially the Integralists, a group inspired by Nazism and Fascism, and the ANL, National Liberal Movement, its opponent, which had the support of the Communist Party.
01:04This situation reflected what was happening in the European political landscape.
01:08It was then that the Communist movement challenged the political structure of his government.
01:15In 1935, the so-called Communist attempt took place, led by Luis Carlos Prestes, an attempted revolt inspired by the Soviet Revolution.
01:26The goal was to remove Vargas from power and establish a socialist regime in Brazil.
01:32The government's reaction was swift and harsh, with arrests and violent measures.
01:37Vargas, however, took advantage of the episode to further strengthen his control over the country.
01:47Anti-communist propaganda intensified, and in 1937, Vargas claimed there was a new threat to his government through a document called the Coin Plan.
01:56With this forged document, yes, forged, he secured measures to suspend the rule of law and ensure his re-election, which was not permitted by the Constitution.
02:09In addition to closing Congress, the elections were canceled, and the 1934 Constitution was annulled.
02:18Under a declaration of a state of siege, on November 10, 1937, Vargas staged a coup d'état, inaugurating the Estado Novo, new state.
02:28The new 1937 Constitution was announced on the radio, a fascist-inspired Magna Carta.
02:37With broad repercussions and profound effects on the country's life.
02:41It reflected the authoritarian trend gaining momentum at the time, as world leaders such as Hitler in Germany, Mussolini in Italy, Franco in Spain, and Salazar in Portugal consolidated their dictatorship.
02:55This authoritarian trend led to the closure of legislative assemblies and the National Congress.
03:05Furthermore, it eliminated political parties and civil organizations, ushering in a period of political hounding of opponents and enemies of the state.
03:14Intervenors were appointed in the states, in other words, governors appointed by Vargas, ensuring that all states followed federal guidelines.
03:28In addition to these political measures, a strong drive to build a new national identity emerged.
03:34There was a growing search for a cultural identity that was authentically Brazilian.
03:43And national pride combined with Vargas' personality cult.
03:49Civic parades and large gatherings became common, with choirs chanting extolling the regime.
03:54A memory of patriotism.
04:07So you don't forget, here are some of the creations that most mark the Estado Novo.
04:13Creation of the Hora do Brasil program, Brazil's current voice on the radio, with news from the local political scene.
04:20Control of unions, implementation of the consolidation of labor laws, CLT, consolidation of labor laws in 1943, guaranteeing various rights to workers.
04:32Creation of labor laws, employment contracts, minimum wage, paid weekly rest, an eight-hour workday, and regulation of female and underage labor.
04:47And the creation of the Companhia Ciderurgica Nacional, CSN, and the Mineradora Vale do Rio Doce.
04:53During Vargas' administration, the world went to war, and it was the largest and bloodiest in history.
05:09With the outbreak of World War II, Brazil attempted to remain neutral, but with increasing internal and external pressure from the United States,
05:17Getulio Vargas signed an agreement with the United States and declared war on Germany.
05:23Brazilian soldiers were sent to Europe.
05:27To learn about Brazil's performance in World War II, write hashtag Brazil in World War II in the comments.
05:35The contradiction between fighting a dictatorship and living under an undemocratic regime determined the end of this period.
05:44Opposition to the Vargas regime grew, with intellectuals, student associations, and even military sectors openly protesting.
05:53On October 29, 1945, Vargas was deposed in a coup led by generals with the support of the National Democratic Union, UDN, ending the Estado Novo, new state.
06:07However, this wasn't the last word of the Vargas era.
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