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Supernova Study Reveals 'Danger To Planets'
Space.com
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6 hours ago
A study using the NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and other X-ray telescopes has revealed that "an exploded star can pose more risks to nearby planets than previously thought." The Chandra team explains.
Credit: NASA/CXC/A. Hobart
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00:00
visit chandra's beautiful universe supernova survey
00:06
an exploded star can pose more risks to nearby planets than previously thought
00:14
according to a new study from nasa's chandra x-ray observatory and other x-ray telescopes
00:20
this newly identified threat involves a phase of intense x-rays that can damage the atmospheres
00:27
of planets over 100 light years away although earth is not in danger now it may have experienced
00:33
such x-ray exposure in the past before this study most research on the effects of supernova explosions
00:40
had focused on the danger from two periods the intense radiation produced by a supernova in the
00:46
days and months after the explosion and the energetic particles that arrive hundreds to thousands of
00:52
years afterward however even these alarming threats do not fully catalog the dangers in the wake of an
00:59
exploded star researchers have discovered that in between these two previously identified dangers
01:06
lurks another the aftermaths of supernovae always produce x-rays but if the supernova's blast wave
01:13
strikes dense surrounding gas it can produce a particularly large dose of x-rays that arrives
01:19
months to years after the explosion and may last for decades the calculations in this latest study
01:26
are based on x-ray observations of 31 supernovae and their aftermath mostly obtained from nasa's
01:32
chandra x-ray observatory swift and new star missions and esa's xmm newton the analysis of these
01:40
observations shows that there can be lethal consequences from supernovae interacting with their
01:44
surroundings for planets located as much as about 160 light years away if a torrent of x-rays sweeps over
01:53
a nearby planet the radiation would severely alter the planet's atmospheric chemistry for an earth-like
01:59
planet this process could wipe out a significant portion of ozone which ultimately protects life from
02:05
the dangerous ultraviolet radiation of its host star as far as anyone knows the earth is not in any danger
02:12
from an event like this now however it may be the case that such events played a role in earth's past
02:18
there is strong evidence including the detection in different locations around the globe of a
02:23
radioactive type of iron this supernovae occurred close to earth between about two and eight million
02:29
years ago researchers estimate these supernovae were between about 65 and 500 light years away from earth
02:36
although the earth and the solar system are currently in a safe space in terms of potential supernova
02:42
explosions many other planets in the milky way are not these high energy events would effectively shrink
02:48
the areas within the milky way galaxy known as the galactic habitable zone where conditions would be
02:54
conducive for life as we know it because the x-ray observations of supernovae are sparse particularly of
03:01
the variety that strongly interact with their surroundings the authors would like to see follow-up
03:06
observations of interacting supernovae for months and years after the explosion
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