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LIVE NOW: We go beyond the headlines with PHIVOLCS Director Teresito Bacolcol as he discusses the recent 6.9 magnitude earthquake that rocked Cebu. He explains the cause, impact, ongoing aftershocks, and what residents should expect and prepare for in the coming days.
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02:30So, Murag, kinahanglang tagbon namin, sir.
02:32Yes, that's right.
02:36As of 8am ganina, we have recorded 9,108 aftershocks.
02:42And this would still continue for the several weeks.
02:47But normally aftershocks would dwindle in number and would also decrease in strength.
02:52And because I think we will have a question later on about the details.
02:58But can we also refresh our viewers?
03:03Okay, makabasa mo kung tag ka ng intensity, makabasa po taong magnitude.
03:07So, can we refresh the viewers on the difference between the two?
03:11Okay, so basically magnitude is the amount of energy that is released during an earthquake, while intensity is the description of the variable shaking that is experienced by people in different areas.
03:26So, a good analogy would be a light bulb.
03:32Okay, so say for instance, you have 50 watts.
03:35So, anywhere in the room, that would still be 50 watts.
03:40So, that would represent the magnitude.
03:45But the intensity of light, or say the intensity of the earthquake, which is equivalent to the intensity of the earthquake, depends on how far you are to the light bulb.
03:58So, the farther you are, of course, the lesser the intensity that you will perceive.
04:02While the closer you are, the higher the intensity of light that you will perceive.
04:06So, it's the same thing.
04:08So, anywhere in the room, the wattage would be constant.
04:11It will not change, but the intensity will change, depending on how far you are or how close you are to the epicenter.
04:17But, of course, there are other factors as well.
04:19Rock or solar types, ground sublayer, depth, length, and type of fault displacement.
04:25But basically, it's the distance from the epicenter, or your distance to the wattage, that will determine the intensity of light.
04:33And in this case, the intensity of the earthquake that you will perceive.
04:36Just to calibrate, because maybe ako lang ang wala nakabantay, no?
04:40Pero, the reports has always been 6.9 in Cebu, epicenter, Bogo.
04:48Does that mean that Cebu City also had 6.9?
04:52Yes.
04:53The magnitude is the same all throughout, but the intensity is different.
04:59The intensity in Bogo City that was perceived by the people are also different from the intensity that was perceived in Cebu.
05:07Ah, yes. Actually, they know it's magnitude.
05:09Yeah.
05:09Ang magnitude, pareho siya sa tanan, 6.9, but as to the intensity, ang pag-uyo.
05:15That was intensity, the watt, then?
05:18Kaya kung may basal ang magnitude, man.
05:19I cannot recall.
05:21So, when say intensity, ato?
05:24What's reported is magnitude, man.
05:25Yes, we always, we report the magnitude, but of course, we also report the intensity.
05:32So, the intensity, the maximum intensity that was reported as a result of that event was intensity 7 in some parts of Bogo City.
05:43And I think in Cebu, it was intensity 6 or intensity 5.
05:48Okay.
05:49Okay.
05:49So, that explains.
05:50That explains.
05:51Kusus mo ng kusog-kusog sa ito.
05:52Oo.
05:53Okay.
05:53That's right.
05:54Yes.
05:55So, kanin, kanin, kanin, ato lang iset atong discussion to, kanin, from the start lang yun.
06:01So, director, I think, in an interview, naka, kanin, actually about this, but we just want to, kanin, go back.
06:08Can you describe what exactly happened during the magnitude 6.9 earthquake in Cebu, its origin, its depth, and the fault line responsible?
06:19Was the fault line a new one, or it's part of the four existing fault lines in Cebu?
06:25Okay.
06:25So, the fault that produced the magnitude 6.9 event was the Bogo Bay fault, and the reason why it was quite destructive was because its depth is just 5 kilometers.
06:42We consider that a shallow earthquake.
06:45So, well, the 6.9 magnitude is itself already strong.
06:49That's considered a strong earthquake.
06:50And then, nabutangan pa na ito, or we add the factor, which is the depth, which is quite shallow, very destructive yan.
07:00So, ang seismic energy mag-do na ito, as it travels towards the surface, kaysa lalo mo na siya sa yutan ng dagikan, as it travels towards the surface, the strength dissipates.
07:13Say, for instance, the same magnitude, you have the same magnitude earthquake, 6.9.
07:17But the depth is 70 kilometers, for example, we just assumed.
07:22So, as it travels the 70 kilometer distance, pag abog niya sa taas, hinay na siya.
07:29While, kung 5 kilometer depth siya nag-gikan, as it goes towards the surface, wala pa siya ka-shed off much of its energy.
07:40So, that's the reason why it was quite strong.
07:45Now, the next question is, existing na ba ni Bogo Bay Fault?
07:52For sure, nag-exist na siya, but we have no record for the past 400 years.
07:58So, if you look at the historical record of the northeastern Cebu, wala siya yung record.
08:04So, that's the reason why wala nato siya na-associate to an earthquake, and a big part of the fault ay nasa nagat.
08:16And our monitoring, our regular mapping, our regular mapping is focused on land.
08:23Although, we also have projects mapping the offshore active faults, but a big part of our mapping efforts in FIVOX is on land.
08:32Basically, for the reason that these on-land faults are direct, visible, and na-immediate threat to settlements and infrastructures.
08:45Offshore active faults are also hazardous, like what we've seen in Bogo City.
08:49But their mapping requires a different set of resources, as well as methodologies, and different set of expertise.
08:58And the second one is that Cebu is made up of limestone.
09:01So, Lissuti identify ang faults in limestone areas because limestones dissolve and break easily.
09:08So, this creates sinkholes, which is karoon na-expose sa Bogo and other parts in Daan Bantayan.
09:19Caves, this also creates caves and cracks that can hide or erase the fault traces.
09:26So, the fault markers become harder to see since its signs would look like natural features of a limestone.
09:34So, we are actually saying that one of the factors that are sinkholes, it's really because of the limestone composition, not necessarily because of the earthquake.
09:50Yes, that's right. That's right. Totally correct.
09:53The same thing in Bohol during the 2013 earthquake.
09:56Bohol, like Cebu, is mostly made up of limestone.
10:00And the sinkholes have already existed even before. It's just that they're covered by sediments.
10:08So the top layer, because of the presence of the top layer, it's not seen what's below.
10:17But it's also seen caves, caverns, subterranean passageways.
10:25And during the strong shaking, the upper layer collapsed and exposed these caverns, these sinkholes.
10:35Sir, how does this quake, the magnitude 6.9 quake, compare to past major earthquakes in Cebu or central Visayas for that matter in terms of intensity and geological impact?
10:51The intensity, for example, it's the same intensity during the magnitude 7.2 earthquake in Bohol.
11:01Destructive also, but the magnitude in Bohol was much higher, magnitude 7.2.
11:08And the difference between the two is the type of fault that moved.
11:12During the magnitude 7.2, 2013 earthquake in Bohol, the fault that moved there is what we call a reverse fault.
11:22There are three types of faults. We have the reverse fault. This is one block moves upwards.
11:28We have also a normal fault, gravity driven. One block moves downwards.
11:34And we have the strike slip fault, which is a horizontal motion.
11:40So what happened in Bogo City or this Bogo Bay fault is what we call a strike slip fault.
11:47Much of the Philippines is basically composed, the faults that we have are basically strike slip faults, horizontal motion.
11:55Horizontal motion. And correct me if I'm wrong, Director Bakolkol, no?
12:00And because the common perception also is if the movement is sideways, it's even more destructive, no?
12:07Dangerous. No, I think mas destructive ang kanang buwan na ay vertical motion.
12:13Ah.
12:14One block, you push the block upwards, you need much energy to do that.
12:18Okay.
12:19Rather than strike slip or sideways.
12:23Ah, so this is what they call in Cebuano, kanang giayag, no?
12:26Giuyog.
12:27Oh, giuyog.
12:28Giuyog.
12:29Giuyog.
12:30Giuyog.
12:31Correct.
12:32Probably you're referring to the shaking.
12:33The shaking, correct.
12:34The vertical displacement or the horizontal displacement or the sideways.
12:38Correct.
12:39If you're closer to the epicenter, it would be a vertical displacement that you will perceive.
12:46Mm-hmm.
12:47Nguna nga ang mga tao, doon sa epicenter, bigun sila nga mura sila gikuwan, upwards sa motion.
12:54Mm-hmm.
12:55Ang layo-layo sa epicenter, bigun sila nga sideways.
12:57Mm-hmm.
12:58Got it, got it.
12:59Kaning mga nakitaan po, karoon na mga observations, Director Bakolkol ba?
13:04Because, I'm just reading it verbatim, ha?
13:07Sa port sa San Remigio, ang seawater is actually beginning to encroach on parts of the port, no? Agnaya port.
13:19And then, kung na po'y news today po, sa Bugosad, ang watersad is murag ni Reseed, no?
13:28So, unsa ni nga, ha?
13:29Normal ba ni nga phenomenon after an earthquake?
13:33Yes, normal na siya.
13:37Again, I've mentioned that sideways, horizontal motion ang Boko Bay fault.
13:43But, the horizontal motion is the general motion.
13:47There are also, in some places, there are vertical displacement, but not as much as the horizontal motion.
13:55Mm-hmm.
13:56So, there are vertical displacement, vertical up, it's uplift.
14:00That's the reason why in a barangay na ilo, na ilong.
14:04Okay?
14:05So, nag, na i-uplift.
14:08So, nag-receive ang, what used to be the high tide, na layo-layo na.
14:12Mm-hmm.
14:13And there are also places nga nag-subside.
14:15Mm-hmm.
14:16Na ay, vertical displacement but downwards.
14:18Mm-hmm.
14:19Again, we've seen the same thing in Bohol when it happened in 2030.
14:23Mm-hmm.
14:24Pero kanina situation ba sa, ah, sa San Ramejo o sa Bugo?
14:30Is this just temporary?
14:32Ma-correct ka ni siya eventually?
14:34Or this is...
14:35More na niya new.
14:36Correct.
14:37Level na gin.
14:38No.
14:39Ah, kung ano na siya.
14:40Permanent na na siya.
14:41Ah.
14:42That's the reason why, ah, we have mountains made up of limestones.
14:44Because they were being pushed upwards by earthquakes.
14:46Several earthquakes.
14:47Mm-hmm.
14:48In, in, for example, our, ah, the chocolate hills.
14:52Mm-hmm.
14:53Ay, kuha na siya.
14:54The chocolate hills are previously underwater.
14:57Mm-hmm.
14:58They made up of limestones.
14:59Because of earthquakes, they were pushed upwards.
15:01Na pushed upwards.
15:02That's the reason why, we have these, ah, events.
15:04That's why we, we, we can, ah, these limestones are exposed now.
15:08And we can see them as chocolate hills.
15:10So, basically, much of the Philippines, ah, mga mountains na ito, nga made up of limestones,
15:15were, even in Cebu, were, used to be underlain, underwater.
15:19Mm-hmm.
15:20So, muna siya nga mag hinahinay.
15:22And then, if you repeat this process, ah, thousands of times, in the span of, say, thousands of years,
15:27you will form mountains made up of limestone.
15:32Okay.
15:33Kaning, ah, you, you said earlier that as of eight o'clock this morning, there were already nine, more than 9,000 recorded aftershocks.
15:42Ah, in anibasad ang number of aftershocks?
15:46Is this an average number of aftershocks, or is it abnormal, or what?
15:51Okay.
15:52So, aftershocks, ah, again, ah, through time, magkahinay na sila.
15:56And, ah, there is a general rule for that, the number of aftershocks.
16:01Ah, ah, say, for instance, you have 2,000 aftershocks on the first 24 hours.
16:07On the 10th day, you will have 1 10th of the number of aftershocks.
16:12So, that would be around 200 to 400.
16:14But, of course, that's just the general rule, pwedding na exception.
16:18And then, on the 100th day, or 3 months after, from the, ah, around 200 to 300 aftershocks on the 3rd day,
16:27Mahing mo na siya around 20 to 40 aftershocks, around that number.
16:33And, magkahinay po na sila.
16:35So, ah, again, that's normal.
16:38Ah, aftershocks would, ah, follow after, ah,
16:43after a strong earthquake.
16:45And, ah, but, ah, they are generally smaller than the main shock.
16:50They are smaller than the main shock, and, ah, they would, ah, also weaken in strength, ah, through time.
16:57And, from what I gathered from you, bah, correct?
17:00Ako lang gikalibrate kung sakto kung pagsabot.
17:02So, that means then, we should be more mindful na lang on the number of aftershocks per day, no?
17:08If it's decreasing, then it's normal.
17:11Yes.
17:12That's right, that's right, that's right.
17:14It's really normal.
17:15Okay.
17:16Okay.
17:17Sa karoon director nga, mag nagkadagan ang sinkholes nga na-discover.
17:22Ah, how does this kanang, nagpakita as to the stability of the,
17:30Soil.
17:31Of the soil, or of, of.
17:33The ground.
17:34The ground, where na ay mga tao.
17:36Is there a need to evacuate certain, ah, residents on, on critical areas?
17:41Have we, ah, na ba tayo na-identify nga kani?
17:44Because it's near to the epicenter, which is Barangay Nailon, kinanglan?
17:49Or is there a need for Barangay Nailon to be evacuated?
17:52Because, sige pa ang lihok?
17:59Marag naputol si director.
18:02Director, marag naputol si director sa Iyahan Connections.
18:05So, we'll wait lang para mabalik si director.
18:08But, ah.
18:09But at least we're able to get better understanding, ano.
18:14Okay.
18:15Katong sa aftershocks o katong sa movements.
18:18Okay.
18:19While maghuwata ni director Bakulkol,
18:21atong nindot kito siya,
18:22unsang may pasabot ni aning magnitude o intensity.
18:25This is Earthquake 101.
18:27But, but, you know, it's, it's,
18:29maybe daghan na kahibaw, but refresher.
18:31Correct.
18:32Ang magnitude, ang iyahanggi, compare ani, is,
18:35pareha ni amung suga.
18:36Wattage.
18:37Kani amung wattage.
18:38Kung 200, kung 50 watts, bisag-asa ka sa inner room,
18:43like in this room, it's 50 watts.
18:45Hmm.
18:46But, magkalayo ka,
18:48magkagamay man po ang coverage ni mo sa kahayag.
18:51Diba?
18:52Kung dool ka, so mas kusog ang intensity.
18:55Diba?
18:56Ang gikusgon, ang gihayagun.
18:57Hmm.
18:58So, kung, kung, kung, kung ang atong reference is ang suga,
19:00the nearer, mas klaro.
19:02Kung mas layo ka, mas mungit-ngit na po.
19:04Hmm.
19:05So, itong refer sa intensity as to the earthquake,
19:08kung dool ka sa epicenter, mas kusog.
19:10Kusog.
19:11Kung mas magkalayo, sag ka, magkahinay na po siya.
19:14Hmm.
19:15Pero imagine, naan, pila, layo na biata from bugo, no?
19:19Bugo.
19:20Correct.
19:21Intensity 6.
19:22Naabot pagod o biliran.
19:23Correct.
19:24So, I think, Morag, on, on, on, samanin siya,
19:30lay person's perspective, I think, Morag...
19:34Balik na si director.
19:35Hi, sir, you're back!
19:37Yes.
19:38Back, again, sorry.
19:39Yeah, it's okay, sir.
19:40Technology is good.
19:41It only works.
19:42Yes.
19:43So, I think, Morag, both Gide ay ang tanawo, no?
19:46Yes.
19:47Both magnitude and intensity.
19:48Okay.
19:49But anyhow, sa kati mong question earlier.
19:50Kato akong pangutan na, sir.
19:51So, with the sinkholes, more sinkholes being discovered, and ganang sige pa ang atong aftershocks,
19:59is there a need for residents, especially near the epicenter, to be evacuated out of the, you know, the epicenter?
20:08Okay.
20:09So, again, when it comes to sinkholes, it's the Mines and Geosciences Bureau that is mandated to talk about it and to provide recommendations.
20:17But, as a geologist, I'm also a geologist, I would, again, it would be better if, again,
20:23kung na ay buho sa atong balay, for instance, it's better advisable to transfer to another place.
20:35But, again, it would be MGB that, again, they have the expertise to talk about it and to provide recommendations.
20:42But, I think, bison siguro, wala pa ay recommendation ang MGB.
20:47That's right.
20:48But, if noon ka ang sinkhole, ayun, backwit na lang, no?
20:52Especially, like, it's driven also by limestone type of ground.
20:57Yeah.
20:58So, we do not know.
20:59I-contribute pa na ito ang factor nga nagsigig uwan-uan.
21:02Mmm.
21:03Mmm.
21:04Plus the aftershocks.
21:05Mmm.
21:06So, smurag, dangerous siya ng combination, DJ, no?
21:09Ang bot mo, ang engine nag-geologist, geologist, na sagpon mi dire, director, no?
21:14Bot-boot, sagmi dire.
21:15But, I think mo, lagi, hindi ni kinahanglan na kinalan patag-advise san sa government.
21:19That's right.
21:20But, if you are near, if you think in danger, kanang mas mayo siguro mo i-secure na lang na ito atong pamilya in a safer, more safer place.
21:28Mmm.
21:29Ang kini yung earthquake ba?
21:30Because, I know that, kanang, on a lay person's standpoint, di gini siya ma-predict, no?
21:37And, in fact, gani, when we did the outreach, that's also what the people said, no?
21:42Mas mayipakunong bagyo kay mawarningan pa sila.
21:45But, for the earthquake, it's really, like, diretsyo, no?
21:49But, the 6.9 earthquake, magnitude 6.9 director, there were people who received a notification just seconds after na-feel ang earthquake.
22:00How did it happen?
22:02Probably, ang mga, sa p-alert na siya, from, um, uh, from their cellphones.
22:11Ang mga ubang cellphones mango, they have this, uh, uh, during an earthquake, uh, there are three types that are generated.
22:17We have the P-wave, the S-wave, and, um, there, you have the, uh, two types of waves that are generated, the P-wave and the S-waves.
22:25And, uh, the P-waves would travel fastest through the earth crust followed by, um, a slower S-wave.
22:33So, the difference in speed between these waves would allow, uh, for warning, uh, for some of our cellphones to function.
22:41So, uh, ang mga cellphones, they can detect the, the, the, the P-wave, and then, this would send signals to, uh, this would send, uh, signals to, siguro, sa processing center sa mga cellphones
22:55Kaya ang S-wave, ang, uh, anang shaking nga itong nabatian, that would be from the S-wave.
23:02So, p-wave ang unang ma-detect nila, and then, they would send signal, sa, siguro, sa processing hub nila, and then, they would be able to calculate ang, uh, arrival time of the S-wave.
23:17So this is not correct after all na ang PHEVOX na ay detectors that can send alerts seconds or tens of seconds before shaking reaches a certain area. So this is not from PHEVOX?
23:36No, that is not from PHEVOX. And one of the projects that we want is to copy ang PHE alert sa Japan. Seconds, 15 seconds before the shaking would start na nag-countdown. So may among gustong one of the things that I want to do before I retire.
23:58But what does it take for us to have that kind of alert system considering na ang mag-ginta sa Ring of Fire, the earthquake belt mag-ginta. So what does it take para makahitabo na ito, Diri?
24:14Okay, so for that, in fact, last week we had a talk from the USGS. We're really planning for the PHEVOX modernization which was signed into law early this, middle of this year.
24:28Ang gusto namang mahimo is this one. And one of the things na kinanglanon would be a very dense network. A dense network of seismic stations. Another one would be a strong internet connection.
24:44So, a strong internet connection that's already beyond our control in PHEVOX because it's already in DICT. But dense network, we can do that. Of course, we just have to procure the instruments.
25:00But we have to make this very dense so that we will be able to make this T-alert work.
25:08How much will this cost the government estimates?
25:13Well, for one seismic station, that would be around 4 million pesos.
25:19More or less.
25:20Kaya na kayo ni director. Usawa ni ka flood control project.
25:26For the size of the Philippines, we need 300 seismic stations for the size of the Philippines.
25:34Taiwan, for example, which is one-tenth the size of the Philippines, they have close to around 290 seismic stations, which is just one-tenth the size of the Philippines.
25:46Ang Pilipinas, we only have 125 seismic stations.
25:50Currently?
25:51Currently, we need 300. So, from the gaang na gihihatag sa gobyerno, we are given 4 seismic stations a year.
26:00So, 300 minus 125, that would be 175. And divided by 4, that would take us 40 years.
26:09More than 40 years para makumpleto na ito ang ideal number of seismic stations that we have.
26:14Director, by the time ma-reach na nani mo ang 40 years, basig ma-obsolit na puni nga technology.
26:19That's right. That's right. That's the reason why we have this PIVOX modernization. We're hoping to modernize everything in the next 5 years.
26:27So, this one is already, let's say, like 15 seconds ni director, no? Prior?
26:33Yes. Depende on how far you are to the epicenter, the closer to people living close to the epicenter may receive, little or no warning at all.
26:45As the AIS waves would follow immediately after the P wave.
26:50But while those farther away may have more time to prepare before the shaking starts.
26:55Now, this one, ang next question ako is, kaning probability forecasting?
27:00Meaning, kanang layo pag yun compared to just 15 seconds.
27:04But do we have, sa manisya, methodology or technology that we can at least forecast na kaninga area, maybe in a certain year,
27:17murag mag-shaking ni sila? Or wala gitaas of this time?
27:21Na-a. But the range is very high. That's the reason why we're saying, for example, for the big one along the West Valley Fall.
27:29We're saying that it's right for the big one because we have this idea that it will happen every 400 to 600 years.
27:39Now, the last time it moved was in 1658. So, if you take the lower boundary, which is 400 years, 1658 plus 400 years, that would be 2058.
27:49But it doesn't mean nga mahitabo na siya exactly by 2058. It could be earlier or it could be later.
27:57Or it could even happen on the upper boundary, which is 600 years.
28:01And when we say 600 years, that would be 200 years from now.
28:04But of course, we will assume that it will happen on the lower limit or the lower boundary.
28:10Because if we have 200 years, we will not prepare for it.
28:16But it may happen on the lower boundary.
28:18So, na-a means to know.
28:23But the thing is, very broad ang range.
28:28Also, if you look at the...
28:31If you know that the fault is there, if you know that the fault is active,
28:35but wala tay seismicity, wala earthquake for a long time,
28:40it means storing up energy for a big release.
28:42So, the same thing with the West Valley folk in Metro Manila.
28:46We know that it's active, but we are not registering...
28:50Bisag mga gagmayan earthquakes.
28:55From time to time, naa, but panagsa.
28:57So, it means that storing up energy for a big release.
29:00So, a big, a good analogy would be ang tao.
29:03So, na, ka ng, you know that ka ng tao, dalit na siyang pumot, but...
29:08Pasensyoso man.
29:10Seryoso.
29:11Hindi.
29:13He's very quiet.
29:15So, it means that kung napuno na na siya, it will be a total nihim.
29:19As compared to the person na, si Giyaw-yaw ba.
29:23And, hangtoda na siya dia.
29:25So, you know na, din na siya, kung masuku na siya,
29:29not as violent as the person who is not talking at all.
29:32So, storing all the energy.
29:34So, are we saying, Director, na for the faults,
29:38it would be better na murag active ni siya every once in a while
29:44rather than something that is a fault,
29:46but it's really dormant through the years, no?
29:50We don't actually say dormant kasi...
29:53We just say that there's no activity.
29:56No activity.
29:57So, mas kuiyaw na siya, no?
29:58Compared to mag-sigip shake every once in a while.
30:01That's right, because hindi mag-accumulate ang energy.
30:06This is also a good point, no?
30:08Sakto siya, murag.
30:09Ang kanang kalit na kusog,
30:11ang tawag ka na sa bisaya,
30:13kaya ka ng...
30:14Putong.
30:15Putong, di ba?
30:16Yes, putong.
30:17Putong na fault.
30:18Pero katong sigig sapot,
30:21kanang sapot siya sige,
30:22pero dili buto.
30:23Murag, inanak kita, oo.
30:24Okay, that's contrary to popular belief,
30:27murag, mas mahadlok man ta kung magsigig shake,
30:29but mas maayo pa din yun ta siya
30:31compared to...
30:32Wait, mas maayo, mas minute ko doon na nanggishake.
30:35Wala na nanggishake.
30:36Okay.
30:36Pero fault, fault mang good.
30:38Fault mang good siya.
30:39So, wala ito,
30:41nai, nagnungutana na ito sa atong,
30:42nagkuan sa atong live ka ron,
30:44director, no?
30:46Based on your observations daw,
30:48were there areas or structures
30:50that perform better than the quick?
30:53Ano sa'y pasapod sa perform better?
30:55Okay, sige.
30:55Ganito, I think I understand the question.
30:58Okay.
31:00If you follow the minimum standard
31:04for the building code,
31:05the structure is supposed to be able
31:07to withstand an intensity in first break.
31:10So, there ang mga nag-collapse,
31:12dahil mga nag-collapse,
31:14of course, sa northeastern,
31:17the northern part of Cebu,
31:19but dahil mga pod nga remained standing.
31:22So, they were able to withstand
31:24the intensity 7 earthquake.
31:28Okay.
31:28So, but at itong mga nag-collapse,
31:33probably, siguro,
31:35ang structure,
31:37or wala,
31:38bilipulido ang pag-
31:40Tebao.
31:41Again, in principle,
31:43if you follow the building code,
31:46it's supposed to be able to withstand
31:47an intensity 8 event.
31:48So, kaya kaganyan, na-recall na ako, director ba, ang maximum is intensity 7 man, di ba?
31:54That's right, that's right.
31:55And then, ang standard is intensity 8, so ideally, mawit-stand-gid na siya.
32:01So, kung stronger, even the stronger shaking, intensity 8, dapat dili na siya mag-collapse.
32:09So, ang iba, intensity 7, palang gali, nag-collapse na, so it means that, it was not, siguro, dili pulido ang pagkagawa.
32:15So, that's the reason why, we're saying na, ang earthquakes, per se, dili na makamatay.
32:21It's the collapse of man-made structures that may claim life.
32:24So, we have to make sure na we follow the minimum standards, engineering standards, we follow the building code.
32:31So, kaya mong god, we would rather pay mag-mahal sa feng shui experts, kaysa mag-bayad sa civil engineers.
32:39So, it's important to me, the point, mas mahal pa i-monggi bayad sa forecast si mong future, kaysa pag actually,
32:51Kung sanaw tayo ka ng clear na gondunta ang standards.
32:55Okay.
32:56Actually, another question.
32:57What are the common reasons,
33:00common reasons certain buildings or homes collapse?
33:05Ako na to, natubag na niya.
33:07How do you assess SIBO's overall earthquake preparedness?
33:12Well, I would say that people now, generally, not only in SIBO, but generally in the Philippines,
33:19people now are more prepared than say 20 or 30 years ago.
33:21Ako ang itabang sa regular earthquake drill.
33:29Nag-ihimaw mo na ito every quarter.
33:31People are now, say, again, more aware on what to do.
33:35But there's still a room for improvement.
33:37The social media also is a big factor.
33:41Dalit na mo, madesimate ang information.
33:43So, earthquakes of Bogos City, it happened, 9-59.
33:49Tibo, Pilipinas, nakabaloka.
33:51Dahayon, because of the social media.
33:54The downside is that dalit po makalat, makalat na mga false information, mga fake news.
34:00So, to what you said, Director, because if there's anything consoling about what happened is wala mangi structures in SIBO that actually kanang natumpag ba.
34:16So, we are saying na morag compliant ginisya to the intensity 8 requirement.
34:22Ang curiosity na ako, Director, ba, since when inagsugod ang intensity 8 requirement?
34:27Well, the building code...
34:30Dugay na na siya sa building code na ito.
34:33Like 1900s pagidni?
34:35Okay.
34:36Ang building code na ito was promulgated in 1992 following the 7.8 earthquake.
34:47That's right.
34:47That's right.
34:48And we also have the National Structural Code of the Philippines and buildings, the high-rise buildings constructed,
34:57after 2001, are relatively earthquake resilient.
35:02This is because it was in 2001 that the National Structural Code of the Philippines published the maps of Evox that indicated the presence of active faults in the country.
35:13So, because of this, the distance of a structure or a building to an active fault is already included sa design sa high-rise buildings.
35:22Okay.
35:23So, if that's the case, the reason, ang context na kung sa akong question is, morag, for those kanang buildings constructed before 1992 and also before 2001,
35:34morag, dapat mag-review sila, okay, they were approved man prior to this requirement.
35:38But, like, that's right, that's right.
35:40But if you visit ka nang, like, for example, downtown Cebu, makaraan na din na.
35:45Oh, may, oh, nagbarog pa man.
35:47No, kaya nga kung worry actually is more on the West Valley fault.
35:51Okay.
35:51Now, there are four faults in Cebu, di ba, di ba, sir?
35:57Natay, yes, we have active faults in Cebu.
35:59So, sa central part, we have potentially active faults.
36:03Yes.
36:03So, we have active faults and we have potentially active faults.
36:07So, active faults, we're sure that, you know, it has moved for the last 10,000 years.
36:12Kaya, that's the definition of an active fault.
36:15Potentially active fault, based on the aerial photographs, we can see a linear feature.
36:21Kaya, usaman na sa atong gigilantao when we look at, when we map the active faults.
36:29But, we cannot actually determine the recency or kung ka dosa siya, the recency of its movement.
36:36Or, if that movement is due to, just due to, say, for instance, limestone features, which is common in Cebu.
36:46Hmm, exactly. So, kanang-kanang potentially is maglisod, makahibaw, o kanong saan na siya recent na ni CREATE o marks, no?
37:00Hmm, or if it was produced by, you know, earthquake, or if it was just a natural feature of the rock.
37:11Hmm.
37:12Or, it's also more difficult for Cebu because of our type of soil, which is limestone.
37:19Hmm.
37:21That's right, that's right, that's right.
37:23Bunay, again, if you look at the Bogo Bay Fault, katong nakitaan sa ako mga kauban, last October 3,
37:31ah, ang Bogo Bay Fault, mangod, ah, again, ah, nainangutan na nga nung, ah, wala man nakabutang ang Bogo Bay Fault sa active faults map sa among Sina.
37:44So, first, a big part of that fault ay nasa dagat.
37:48Hmm.
37:48Ah, and then second, ang most of Cebu is made up of limestone.
37:54So, liso de-identify ang faults in limestone areas because these limestones, again, as I mentioned, will dissolve and break easily.
38:02So, ang nakita nato na linear feature, and we're also seeing this in the central part of Cebu, ah, this, ah, this linear feature could probably just be a natural feature of the limestone.
38:16Kaning, kaning Bogo Bay Fault, Bogo ni siya, asa ni Iahang Linya? Goes all the way to Asa?
38:25To Bogo Bay, and, ah, atong mga kauban, ah, atong mga kauban sa Febu, they were already identified, ah, ang on-land, they were able to identify 8 kilometers, ah, of the trace of the Bogo Fault sa Utah.
38:39But, ah, ah, a fault, ah, to be able to generate a magnitude 6.9 event, it should be around, ah, 40 to 50 kilometers.
38:50So, a big part of that fault ay na, naa sa dagat.
38:54Hmm.
38:56And then, when we say naa sa dagat, although naa siya sa dagat, but is there a way also for us to know up to where ni siya potentially mubalik sa land, no?
39:07Kaya mulag, island-island man ang, ang, ang, ang visayas.
39:11Okay, so...
39:12Ang mga iguanin nga mga islands pun?
39:15Ah, wala. From, continuous na siya, from the Bogo Bay, it goes towards the land, ah, and then, ah, there are several barangays, ah, that are transected by, ah, by this Bogo Fault, ah, Bogo Bay Fault.
39:33How about, ang katong sea, naan to siya yung neighboring islands pun na potentially matranssect?
39:39Ah, wala, wala.
39:39Kaya naman na 42 kilometers, ah, wala, wala.
39:43Okay.
39:43Kanang, ah, the reason I asked Anisha, director, is because si Mahal Lagmay, last week, said nga, kaning buho, ah, the Bogo Bay Fault is, was actually identified in 2011 and called it the nylon bugo, the nylon fault because it, you know, it's located in Barangay Nylon.
40:05How, ah, how was this, this, this, naan, ah, bahuan ni Mahal Lagmay but not by FIVOX?
40:13No, ah, ah, nakita na po ang post ni Dr. Lagmay and, ah, he did not say that he was able to identify the fault in 2011.
40:21Okay.
40:22In fact, ah, ah, nag, nganadla siya o nylon, nylon fault after we, after, after October 3 when it was, ah, first, ah, nakita sa, ah, mga team na ito sa, ah, ah, FIVOX.
40:36Okay, so this was, kaning buho, Bogo Bay Fault ka ron, this is really new, this is not, this is, this is not an active fault or what?
40:45This is an active fault because, ah, it moved.
40:48Yeah.
40:48So, active na siya and the definition for a fault to be active if it has moved for the last 10,000 years.
40:54Again,
40:54But it was not, it was not indicated in the la, in the four faults that were identified in Cebu.
41:02Yeah, that's, that's right, that's right.
41:04Again, as I've mentioned, a big part of the fault ay nasa, nasa dagat.
41:07Ah, yeah, I remember.
41:08Okay, and second, it's really difficult to map active faults in limestone areas because, ah, ah, the limestones would dissolve and break easily.
41:19Ah, this would create sinkholes, caves, and cracks that can hide or even erase the fault markers.
41:27And, ah, again, ah, the fault becomes harder to see since its signs, its signs in a limestone area would look like natural features of limestone.
41:35So, ah, yeah, kung alam po, Murag, na-ask na ni earlier Director Bacolcol, no, but, kanyang namay question ko din, nga, could multiple smaller quakes in the region precursors to a larger event?
41:50Natubag naman ni Muni ganina, no, nga, katong mga minor shaking, it's actually better compared to no shaking for an active fault, no?
42:01So, I think you've answered this already.
42:02Ah, regarding Kuan, Director, what specific areas in Cebu or neighboring provinces should be most cautious due to their geological conditions or proximity to fault lines?
42:17Okay, ah, if you look, if you're familiar with the Hazard Hunter PH, ah, okay, so, ah, pwede ni siya i-google Hazard Hunter PH and then you can see the active faults, ah, map of, ah, of the Philippines.
42:32So, ah, it's practically the whole Philippines ang na ay mga, ah, active faults, we have 185 active fault segments, ah, distributed all over the country, except Palawan.
42:54And, ah, and, ah, the potential for these faults to generate, ah, minor to light to moderate to strong or even great earthquakes is always there.
43:04So, we didn't have to prepare, ah, everybody, and even if we're, ah, wala ta, even if our area is na-transected by an active fault, we still have to prepare because it's the shaking, the wood, claying legs.
43:19Ah, for instance, ah, for instance, yung, ah, 1968 Kasiguran earthquake, ah, that was, I think, Magnet 7.2, it happened in Kasiguran Aurora.
43:29And yet, ah, and yet, Ruby Tower in Binondo, which is 300 kilometers away, collapsed, and more than 260 people died.
43:38That's 300 kilometers away.
43:40So, that's the reason why even though our area is na-transected by an active fault, we still have to prepare because for, ah, earthquakes coming from, ah, fire-filled, ah, fire-filled earthquakes coming from earthquakes from other places can also be, can also affect us.
43:59The Bogo Bay fault, for instance, the Bogo Bay fault earthquake that happened last September 30, it was felt as far as the Vaudelotour, which is around 400 kilometers away.
44:10It's true.
44:11So, Koan, regarding aning mamabalik manggugidni ang kaning, how, how government is monitoring aning kanang pag-insure nga ang atong buildings are, you know, earthquake-proof.
44:24So, would you know if, ah, LGUs or planners are regularly updating or, or using these maps for the construction before giving any permits to construction?
44:38Yes, ah, ah, ah, if you, ah, if you apply for a building permit, ah, you are required to, before, you are required to seek certification from the office, ah, how far you are to an active fault.
44:52But now, they don't have to go because of this Hazard Hunter PH app.
44:56Hazard Hunter PH, they can download the information there.
45:01All the hazards, earthquake-related hazards, volcano-related hazards,
45:06even hydromete hazards to add it to.
45:09They just have to download it and then they will present it to LGUs
45:16if they apply for building permits.
45:18So, before, the process would take around three days
45:22and then you have to transfer from one office to another.
45:25Around just one click and 20 seconds, you can download the assessment
45:32and the document itself is already considered as an official document
45:36and there's no payment.
45:38I'm actually looking at it now.
45:40Yes.
45:41It's true.
45:42It's true.
45:43It's true.
45:44The learning from the fact that there's really room for improvement
45:48and we continue conducting the drills.
45:52Aside from what else should local governments invest into,
45:57especially those that are the fault lines,
46:02that are the earthquake proof of their communication.
46:07I think, challenge Ginipirmi, like what happened in,
46:11you remember what happened in Yolanda nga,
46:14the reason why people wala nang evacuate
46:16because wala sila kasabot sa storm surge.
46:19Oo.
46:20Oo.
46:21Oo.
46:22So, there was a tsunami warning right after the earthquake.
46:26Canang murag, wala kayo na ito na,
46:29the technical bitaw terms,
46:31wala kayo na ito na-explain
46:33ang mindset mangod sa mga tungkol tsunami.
46:35Anong maigo mag-tunami ang Cebu nga na may islands.
46:38Muram kuchig na sandwich.
46:39It's in the middle.
46:40Yeah.
46:41But, para asa man ang tsunami,
46:44it's not just for Cebu, di ba?
46:45Pwede ma-explain ni Nimo siya,
46:47Director, why do we give this kind of alerts?
46:50Okay.
46:51So, if you're referring to the September 30th,
46:54the epicenter was plotted sa dagat.
46:58That's the reason why we issued this tsunami information
47:03saying that based on our modeling,
47:06there is a minor sea level disturbance.
47:08And the waves would be around one meter or less.
47:15So, that's the reason why we issued this tsunami information.
47:20And then, we, again, based on our modeling,
47:23na ay time interval,
47:25expected arrival of those waves.
47:28So, from 9.59 p.m. to 11.20 p.m. on September 13th.
47:33And since wala kayo na ito,
47:35two hours after, by SOP na ito,
47:38two hours after we have to lift the tsunami information.
47:44Now, the question is,
47:46how can the LGU,
47:48you know,
47:52so that people would follow the building code.
47:58So, one of the things that the LGUs can do
48:03is to continuously strengthen
48:06and improve the engineering competency of their staff.
48:11so that they can confidently and strictly enforce the building code.
48:15Correct.
48:16And then, respond.
48:17No?
48:18Kanipong pag-respond.
48:19So, boat shop.
48:20That's right, that's right.
48:21And to bravely call out ka tong mga non-compliant.
48:25Bravely.
48:26Bravely.
48:27Bravely.
48:28Call out.
48:29Nag-check ka ng qualifiers.
48:30Hindi lang pag-call out, but bravely yun.
48:33I can't look.
48:34Be brave.
48:35To call the non-compliant.
48:37Yes.
48:38To call out, no?
48:39That's for the government.
48:40What about the individual, the homes?
48:43How can families better equip and prepare themselves for earthquakes and even aftershocks?
48:52Yes, ma'am.
48:53Again, that's a very good question, Kai.
48:55It's a whole-of-society approach.
48:57Earthquake preparedness is not just the business of our institute.
49:01It is everyone's collective duty to prepare.
49:04So, what are the things that you need to prepare?
49:09When it comes to family preparedness, the first three days of an earthquake are very important.
49:16Just like what happened in Yolanda, for example.
49:20Cut off for three days, walae information.
49:23So, kung ikaw, for your family, you have to make sure that you can survive on your own for the first three days.
49:30Although, of course, the government will make sure that you will get all the necessary help following an earthquake,
49:36you also have to ensure that you and your family are self-sufficient and be able to live without the basic necessities like
49:45potable water, electricity, gas, telephones for several days following an earthquake.
49:50So, that's the reason why you really have to prepare an emergency kit.
49:54You have to prepare enough supplies that will last for at least three days.
50:00And then, I'm not sure if this is within your scope, but can you also, what's this, endorse drop cover hold?
50:12Because it was okay during the drill, but in the event of an earthquake, people would run rather than drop.
50:22But, honestly, I'm the one who takes place to drop.
50:31Hold cover. So, another endorsement of this?
50:36Of the drill.
50:37Of the drill, no?
50:38Why we should follow drop cover hold?
50:42Yes, the drug cover and hold method is very effective in reducing injuries during the earthquake.
50:49Again, it will protect you from falling debris and keep you safe until the shaking stops.
50:57So, experts recommend this simple technique to avoid or minimize injuries.
51:06But the thing is, even if you have mastered the drug cover and hold,
51:13the drug did not follow the minimum engineering standards,
51:15the drug did not follow the minimum engineering standards.
51:16So, you have to make sure that the drug cover and hold assumes that your house is earthquake resilient.
51:32And it will just protect you from chandelier, apparador, that will fall on you.
51:39Actually, I mean, that's why it's a very good point.
51:41Because in 2013, we were at the ground floor of a high rise.
51:46And we knew about drop cover hold.
51:49But the exit is just very close.
51:51But we did not run outside.
51:53We know that we were supposed to do drop cover hold.
51:59So, but that's a good point.
52:00If the building is compliant, then protect yourself from the falling apparador and the chandeliers.
52:06So, there are some appliances.
52:10The TV is on the phone.
52:12The TV is on the phone.
52:13Or the phone is on the phone.
52:15Anything that will be affected if it will move.
52:18So, there is no concern if it will move.
52:20Yes.
52:21Okay.
52:22Now, after the earthquake in Cebu,
52:28aftershocks,
52:29what would you advise to the residents
52:32that if you were camping in town in Gawas?
52:36Oh, yeah.
52:37Okay.
52:38Okay.
52:39So, ang mga tao, mga residents na ito na affected by the earthquake,
52:45ang atong advice that kung na sila nakita na visible signs na ang ilang building
52:54o ang ilang balay is weakened by the earthquake,
52:59then they have to consult their municipal or city engineers and seek further advice.
53:05Because kung wala ni siya na totally nahugno during the main shock,
53:13basig nahugno ni siya during a strong aftershock.
53:16And structurally compromised buildings should not be reoccupied unless certified safe by civil engineers.
53:24Okay.
53:25So, that's very good advice.
53:27So, kanang,
53:29Director, thank you kaayos sa imong time sa pag-explain na mo
53:34and kanang pagpasabot again sa value sa pagpangandam
53:39kay earthquake is something na delete na ito umabanda yan
53:42but there's a way nga to better equip us inig-abot sa mga ong kalamidad.
53:47So, Director Bakul-Kul,
53:50Salamat kaayos sa imong oras nagigahin mo sa among programa.
53:55Thank you also ma'am and sir and thank you for having me.
53:58Okay.
53:59That's Director Teresito Bakul-Kul sa FIVOX.
54:04So, mga na siya, DJ.
54:06Anong sagay ito?
54:07Doc?
54:08Ah, drop.
54:09Drop, cover, hold.
54:11So net, nifalo ka net.
54:13Anyway.
54:14So, mga higala,
54:15that wraps up this edition of Beyond the Headlines.
54:18We hope today's conversation helps shed light on the bigger picture behind the story
54:23which is the recent magnitude 6.9 earthquake.
54:26And we'd like to thank our guest,
54:28Mr. Teresito Bakul-Kul
54:30for helping us connect the dots in ways that matter.
54:34I'm Mildred Galarpe.
54:36And I'm DJ Moises.
54:38Thank you and good afternoon.
54:40Thanks.
54:41Thanks, Jen.
54:42Come first.
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