- 4 giờ trước
Lost Treasures of Ancient Civilizations - Season 1 Episode 3 -
Dinosaur Valley
Dinosaur Valley
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05:59Cảm ơn các bạn đã theo dõi.
06:01Cảm ơn các bạn đã theo dõi theo dõi.
06:05Đây là lõi lõi lõi lõi.
06:07A tibia, and a femur.
06:10Cảm ơn các bạn đã theo dõi?
06:12I think there's about 35 bõi,
06:15which is not a complete skeleton.
06:17No, there's a lot missing.
06:18There's a lot missing.
06:21Palaeontology wasn't established yet,
06:23so folk needed help identifying the bõi.
06:27Luckily, there was an expert nearby,
06:29an anatomist called Joseph Leidy.
06:33He investigated every bone found.
06:36When he got to the teeth,
06:37he realised something incredible.
06:40They were very similar to those of an iguanodon,
06:43a dinosaur found three decades earlier in Britain.
06:49So those teeth, that's critical evidence
06:51that this is, well, this is a dinosaur.
06:53Yes, it compared exactly to what was previously known of dinosaurs,
06:57but it was different as well.
07:00So it's not an iguanodon?
07:01It's not an iguanodon.
07:04This was the very first dinosaur found in America.
07:08Leidy named it Hadrosaurus, meaning bulky lizard,
07:11phokii, after William Phok.
07:15You see, it's worked out as a dinosaur,
07:17far more complete than anything in old England.
07:19This must have been, this is groundbreaking.
07:21Absolutely. It was a revolution.
07:23It was the beginning of understanding dinosaurs.
07:30The next challenge was figuring out what the animal looked like.
07:34Here are some great images of that original attempt to rebuild the dinosaur.
07:38You've got to remember that Leidy didn't know what he was aiming for.
07:42He didn't know what this dinosaur would actually have looked like.
07:44But he did understand the anatomy of animals in the world around him.
07:49He looked at these bones and he thought there was something similar to the kangaroo going on.
07:53So you can see that he's placed the skeleton in an upright stance, strong hind legs, arms sticking out, a bit like a kangaroo.
08:02The head which he had very little evidence for at all.
08:05Well, he just got this made up based on the iguana's head.
08:10It was the first time anyone had tried to reconstruct a dinosaur using its actual bones.
08:16In 1868, the incredible find went on display in Philadelphia and it captivated audiences.
08:31Though it wasn't entirely accurate.
08:33This is what we now know the Hadrosaurus looked like, walking on four legs, not two.
08:40As a large plant-eating animal, it would have spent the entire day eating greens to feed its massive three-ton bulk.
08:49But the discovery was remarkable.
08:52And it kicked off an exciting gold rush to uncover the secrets of the lost world of the dinosaurs.
09:00Fossil hunters now descended on the mile pits of New Jersey, desperate to get their hands on some dinosaurs.
09:07Sadly, most went away empty-handed.
09:10But, as luck would have it, tantalizing clues were being discovered elsewhere in America.
09:15In the 1860s, the US government began building a train line thousands of miles across the Western Territories.
09:30As the workers dug, they found something astonishing.
09:34Bones all along the tracks.
09:36I'm heading into the Wild West, following in the footsteps of those early dinosaur hunters.
09:51Wow, there's a real majesty, a real beauty to this wide, flat landscape.
10:05Big sky country.
10:07It's pretty dry, pretty arid, doesn't look great for agriculture.
10:10In fact, the Native Americans that lived in this area used to call it Mako Sika.
10:14The Badlands.
10:16In 1868, a Yale University professor called Othniel Charles Marsh took the train on a trip west.
10:29While his fellow passengers were on the train heading west seeking a new life and opportunities,
10:34he was there for a rather different reason.
10:37He was a trained geologist, an anatomist, and he was looking for fossils.
10:46To get a feel for what he was up against, I'm joining a modern day dinosaur excavation in Utah.
10:56Paleontologist John Foster has directed digs in the old Wild West for many years.
11:02So, John, this is not a bad commute every day.
11:05No, it's a good view.
11:07It's a little steep, but that makes it interesting.
11:17What are we digging out behind us now?
11:19We have a sauropod pelvis, and we don't yet know what kind of sauropod it is.
11:25It's a sauropod, a giant plant-eaten dinosaur, like Dippy, like the Diplodocus.
11:30Exactly.
11:31Yes.
11:32In fact, this could be a Diplodocus.
11:34We don't know yet.
11:35We need to get a better look at some of the vertebrae from the back to tell for sure.
11:42The first dinosaur hunter to come out west was Othniel Charles Marsh, way back in 1868.
11:48John, tell me, Marsh, the trained geologist, what's he seeing in this landscape? Is it giving him hope?
11:56What we're looking at here is a sandstone, a pretty fine sandstone, and there is some siltstone and mudstone mixed in
12:03that represents a river channel that was flowing at the time.
12:07He would have recognised these types of rocks as being the kind that you wanted to look at to find animals.
12:15But Marsh was not the only one to be tantalised by the Wild West.
12:22A young explorer, Edward Drinker Cope, had also been captivated, and he was just as driven.
12:30Cope and Marsh first met in 1864. Initially, they were friendly.
12:35And then something happened that ruined their friendship.
12:40Cope received a set of intriguing vertebrae found in Kansas and tried to put the mysterious animal together as accurately as possible.
12:49This is what Cope came up with. It was a strange looking creature, impossibly long tail, very short neck.
12:57But he thought, you know what, they're strange looking creatures anyway.
13:00Marsh then came out publicly against him and ridiculed his build.
13:06He pointed out the head was on the wrong end of the body.
13:10This was really embarrassing.
13:12Today, we know the animal as a plesiosaur Elasmosaurus.
13:19It lived around 80 million years ago and weighed just over two tonnes.
13:24Plesiosaurs were not dinosaurs, despite living at the same time as them, but marine reptiles.
13:30Their legs spread out at the side like a modern lizard or crocodile.
13:37Unlike dinosaurs, whose legs were positioned under their bodies.
13:44The Elasmosaurus incident sparked a rivalry between Marsh and Cope.
13:49Both men now set about trying to discover as many dinosaur remains as they could.
13:55But they had a huge challenge ahead of them.
13:58The lands they wanted to investigate were centred in Wyoming and Colorado.
14:08With other promising hotspots in nearby states.
14:11Nowadays, this area is called the Morrison Formation.
14:15And covers a whopping 600,000 square miles.
14:18In 1870, two years after his first train journey, Marsh organized a trip into the vast wilderness of the Morrison Formation.
14:34His biggest concern was safety.
14:36American westward expansion meant encroaching on Native American land.
14:43It's a very troubled history.
14:45As the American settlers moved west, they clashed with Native Americans who'd inhabited that territory for centuries, like the Lakota.
14:52Marsh was not alone.
14:57He was accompanied by a group of wealthy Yale students to help him hunt for dinosaurs.
15:03All ready for the rough ride.
15:05And to be safe on their dangerous journey ahead, they hired military escorts from the many forts built across the Wild West.
15:14The plan was to scout either side of the Union Pacific Railroad and do some shallow digging, check if there's any potential for dinosaur fossils.
15:23They were going to comb over a gigantic chunk of territory.
15:27And they were going in blind.
15:34Nowadays, it's hard to imagine what that journey into the unknown wilderness, hunting for prehistoric creatures, would have been like 150 years ago.
15:44But I want to get a taste of it.
15:57It's a gorgeous landscape. I love these undulating plains that stretch off as far as the eye can see.
16:13There's no big trees. No shade anywhere.
16:27The sun is unforgiving.
16:34One day, after 14 hours of trekking, one of Marsh's soldiers exclaimed,
16:41What did God Almighty make such a country as this for?
16:46Marsh and his team started scouting and digging in June 1870,
16:51and worked all through summer and into fall.
16:54They moved across Western America, ending up in Kansas.
17:06Copes had in the wrong place.
17:08Elasmosaurus had come from Kansas.
17:10And Marsh was hoping he could find one in Kansas, too.
17:13Preferably one a lot bigger than Copes.
17:17On the last day of the expedition, for some reason, Marsh just didn't want to go back to the camp.
17:21And I have his account here.
17:24He went ahead with just one soldier for protection.
17:27And that soldier started to get very jumpy.
17:30He writes here that it was after sunset, but he was still working his way along the riverbank.
17:34Suddenly, something stopped him in his tracks.
17:40He spotted a mysterious object sticking out of the ground.
17:43It could have been a rock, but to Marsh's trained eye, it looked like a bone.
17:51At long last, Marsh had discovered something.
17:55I brought with me an exact replica of what he found that day.
18:00I must say, I'm not sure I would have spotted it on the riverbank, but he certainly did have a trained eye.
18:04It looks very bird-like, but you can see this piece at the end suggests it was a different animal entirely.
18:11To his great surprise and satisfaction, it became clear that he had discovered part of a pterodactyl.
18:25A flying reptile that lived 100 million years ago during the age of the dinosaurs.
18:32Amazingly, this was the first pterodactyl bone to be discovered in America.
18:37Others had been found in Europe, but they were nowhere near as big.
18:41Pterodactyls were carnivores, great hunters who fed mainly on small animals.
18:45They had huge leathery wings, long and large necks and heads, but are still the largest known flying animals.
18:56The bone Marsh discovered in Kansas was from the pterodactyl's wing.
19:02The Wild West was at last beginning to give up its prehistoric remains.
19:07The hunt was now on for more discoveries, and for bigger and better preserved dinosaurs.
19:17In 1877, the search was reaching boiling point.
19:28One afternoon that spring, a school teacher from Colorado called Arthur Lakes was exploring the Rocky Mountains with his friend.
19:35They were walking along a creek when he spotted what looked like a strange old tree trunk.
19:43He took a closer look, and it appeared to be, to his untrained eye, a bone.
19:50Lakes needed an expert opinion, so he wrote to Marsh, who rushed a team to the site.
19:56Over the next few months, his men uncovered a gold mine of monster bones.
20:01The whole prehistoric world was starting to emerge.
20:10I'm heading to the Carnegie Museum of Natural History to find out the outcome of the dig.
20:16When Marsh got the finds back to his lab, he spent months studying them.
20:23And as his work progressed, he realised he had something very, very special in his hands.
20:28Something unlike anything ever found anywhere in the world.
20:32He had indeed found new species of dinosaurs.
20:36Now you can imagine the excitement of a man who'd spent years and years preparing for this moment.
20:51Paleontologist Matt LaManna can show me some of the dinosaurs that were miraculously discovered by Marsh's team in Colorado.
20:58This is Stegosaurus. This animal lived about 150 million years ago.
21:04One of the things that intrigues me is that this is one of the only major groups of dinosaurs to have gone extinct before the giant asteroid fell out of the sky.
21:14Maybe because they were carrying around so much armor. What are these? What are the spikes of time?
21:18Yeah, yes. When the animal was first discovered back in the late 19th century, Marsh actually interpreted the plates as lying flat.
21:26And so the name Stegosaurus actually means covered lizard because he thought it was covered in these plates.
21:31Their function remains controversial to this day.
21:34I think the consensus opinion is that they probably were for display to other Stegosaurus, maybe also warding off predators by making the animal look bigger.
21:42But there also probably was a thermoregulatory function. In other words, a function that plates may have played a role in keeping the animal warm or cool.
21:51Wow. So if you still aren't even sure today, can you imagine Marsh and his colleagues, they would have just been taking wild guesses.
21:58Yeah, I think absolutely.
22:00Marsh's team also discovered clues of the most famous killer dinosaur.
22:06Wow, I know what this one is. It's the T-Rex.
22:12Yep, Tyrannosaurus Rex.
22:17This thing lived between about 68 to 66 million years ago in the western part of this continent, North America.
22:24It would have absolutely been the apex predator in its environment.
22:28The only thing I think that an adult T-Rex would have to fear would be another adult T-Rex.
22:33And look at those teeth and those jaws.
22:35Rather than taking bites out of prey, this animal seems to have been adapted for grabbing prey and crushing it.
22:40So Marsh's team found the first T-Rex?
22:45In a sense, yeah. Marsh's collector, Arthur Lakes, found teeth in Colorado that we now know belong to this dinosaur.
22:53But it took the discovery of this skeleton beginning in 1902 in Montana by Barnum Brown to really start to reveal what this animal was really like.
23:00So this is the original Tyrannosaurus Rex?
23:03Yeah, yeah. This is when the name T-Rex was coined. It became the gold standard for the most formidable predatory dinosaur that's ever lived.
23:12So when I was a kid, I loved the Triceratops.
23:17Yeah, I love them too, actually. So this dinosaur is probably the biggest of the horned dinosaurs. And it lived from about 68 to 66 million years ago in Western North America.
23:30So alongside T-Rex?
23:31Alongside T-Rex, yes.
23:32Wow.
23:33The name Triceratops means three-horned face. I think you can see why. You know, two horns over the eyes, one horn on the nose. And then, of course, this giant neck frill, this giant solid sheet of bone extending off the back of the skull.
23:46And was it Marsh's team who identified Triceratops?
23:48Yeah. So Marsh actually was, I believe, sent a pair of horn cores, so the horns over the eyes. He actually thought it was a weird type of bison. And only a few years later, when more complete skulls of this animal started turning up, it became clear this was a type of giant horned dinosaur.
24:05The amazing finds by Marsh's team in Colorado sealed his name as one of the greatest, if not the greatest, of American paleontologists. But Cope was still on the hunt.
24:19Cope was growing frustrated. In that same year, 1877, he decided to follow Marsh to Colorado.
24:28Marsh was digging in Morrison, Colorado. Cope set up camp only 100 miles to the south in Canyon City. Soon, he too started to find bones.
24:41He hit the jackpot, and it was a big jackpot, literally. Canyon City turned out to be full of dinosaur bones.
24:50Cope found a Camarasaurus, like this one here, and it was the biggest dinosaur ever found at that point in history.
24:59The Camarasaurus was a huge plant-eating animal that lived 150 million years ago, during the Jurassic Age.
25:08The largest of the species would have weighed close to 52 tonnes. Just one tooth would have been seven and a half inches long.
25:15In August of 1877, Marsh received a mysterious letter from two gentlemen in Wyoming. It's cagey. It's tantalizing.
25:30They wanted to interest him in a little business deal. They told him that they'd found a large number of fossils, in particular, a big one, possibly bigger than anything found in Colorado.
25:39They say here, as you're well known as enthusiastic geologist and a man of means, both of which we're desirous of finding, more especially the latter.
25:49They're saying, let's see how rich you are. Now, this was very interesting for Marsh. It seemed like there might be a new rich seam of fossils out in Wyoming.
26:00The big thing was to get there first.
26:02The letter had come from a place called Como Bluff in southeastern Wyoming. That's where I'm heading now.
26:12Como Bluff is around 200 miles north of the very rich fossil fields of Colorado, but the letter promised much bigger and better fossils.
26:22Marsh was determined to check if it was true.
26:24I'm going to get an expert introduction to this amazing site with paleontologist Melissa Commonly.
26:36Hey, how's it going?
26:37Hey, welcome.
26:38Nice to meet you.
26:39Nice to meet you.
26:40Welcome to Jurassic Park, huh?
26:43What a great landscape.
26:44Yeah, isn't it beautiful here?
26:45Melissa has been digging in Como Bluff for almost 30 years and knows all the hidden spots where the rocks tell stories from millions of years ago.
26:59What's going on down here?
27:01Well, this is the star of the show.
27:04These are dinosaur footprints.
27:06You've got to be kidding me.
27:08These enormous holes in the ground.
27:09Yeah.
27:10Yeah.
27:11These are sore pod tracks.
27:12So this is a big footprint right here.
27:13This whole hole right here is just one footprint.
27:15And it is the hind foot of a sore pod where he just stepped down in to the mud.
27:21And he was so heavy, he pushed right through that muddy layer into the soft sediments below.
27:26And the impact pushed up this ridge here, this rim, which we call the impact rim.
27:33And then what?
27:34A flood came and put down a layer of sediment and then they were preserved forever?
27:37Exactly.
27:38And then the water rose and the muds came in and filled in all these little holes and preserved it forever.
27:42This is evidence of dinosaurs not dead, but alive.
27:45Exactly.
27:46They're living.
27:47This is behavior, fossilized dinosaur behavior.
27:51The footprints here reveal a lost world, locked in a moment.
27:57It was filled with meat-eating dinosaurs known as pteropods, the great hunters of the prehistoric age.
28:07And the huge plant-eating animals known as sauropods.
28:17Now listen, I don't want to get too dramatic here, but this could have been dippy.
28:20It could have been dippy.
28:21It could have been dippy, yes.
28:22Oh my goodness.
28:23This could have been dippy.
28:24Yeah.
28:26These many tracks in the soil show just how incredible Como Bluff is at preserving traces of the prehistoric past.
28:33But in 1877, no one had a clue.
28:36Until one man arrived at the scene and found something even more intriguing.
28:46William Reed was a railroad man.
28:53He was based at the local station of Como, now since gone.
28:58One day in March of that year, he was hiking back to the station when he noticed some huge bones sticking out of the landscape.
29:07He took a closer look and they were big bones with a shoulder blade that was about a metre and a half in length.
29:14And there was a piece of vertebra which seemed to be about three quarters of a metre in circumference.
29:19Now he had no idea what to do with this.
29:21But he had heard news that a fancy East Coast professor was paying money for fines like this.
29:28So he decided to write him a letter.
29:29The letter arrived on Marsh's desk in August 1877.
29:38He immediately mobilized his team, sending them straight to Wyoming to see if Reed was onto something.
29:45They put an embargo on the location and started digging.
29:51Nowadays, it's hard to visualize what they would have found when they got here because so much has been removed.
29:58But Melissa can give me a taste of it.
30:01She wants to take me to the oldest active quarry in Como Bluff.
30:05Hi everyone.
30:07Hello there. How are you doing?
30:09Glenn, you're working on a pile of bones there.
30:11I am.
30:13Tell me, what is going on here?
30:15This is what I call kind of a jackpot find.
30:18You have a femur from what looks like a very large sauropod, a femur from another large sauropod.
30:24And the real surprise bone, which is a stegosaurus tail spike.
30:32These are at least a couple of different animals just all piled on top of each other.
30:36Yes. And that's not uncommon here either.
30:38We've discovered as many as 20 different species at this quarry over 32 years that it's been operating.
30:46As we're sitting here, dinosaurs are emerging from this site.
30:49Yeah, absolutely. And these are all Jurassic age.
30:55Como Bluff seems to be a dinosaur gold mine.
31:01By the end of the summer of 1878, Marsh's team had discovered nearly 30 tons of fossils.
31:07The bones belong to all kinds of new species and they were in fantastic condition.
31:15One of those new species was the brontosaurus, which I got a picture of here.
31:19It was almost complete, that was missing a head.
31:21And more species were to follow.
31:23The American Wild West was really delivering.
31:26These finds were revolutionising science.
31:28So far, Marsh's team had been digging in these rich fossil fields alone.
31:41But in the spring of 1879, Edward Drinker Cope arrived here and started digging too.
31:47Soon enough, his dinosaur discoveries proved to be equally groundbreaking.
31:52The hunt for fossils carried on throughout the 1880s, with Othniel Marsh and Edward Cope funding large-scale expeditions.
32:06By 1890, the Bone Wars had been going on for 20 years.
32:11Marsh had become a loner.
32:14Cope, for his part, had spent so long out west, his wife left taking their daughter with her.
32:19It was a sorry state of affairs.
32:25In 1896, Cope got ill and died the following year.
32:30Marsh died two years later in 1899.
32:34Their dinosaur gold rush had finally come to an end.
32:42Between them, they had discovered over 130 new species of dinosaur.
32:46The two most famous paleontologists in the world.
32:55Their many finds defined the field of paleontology.
32:59And revealed a secret prehistoric world that was filled with gigantic animals.
33:04But there was one thing they hadn't quite managed to achieve.
33:10Find a complete dinosaur and put it together for the wider public.
33:15Luckily, out in the west, one dedicated searcher kept on digging.
33:22By the 1890s, William Reed, the former railroad man, was employed by the University of Wyoming as a fossil hunter.
33:33One day in 1896, he was walking through his old stomping grounds here at Como Bluff.
33:40And he saw something that he couldn't quite believe.
33:44Amongst the sandstone, he saw a truly gigantic thigh bone.
33:49Like in the days of the bone wars, Reed wanted to sell the fine to make a profit.
33:56But Marsh and Cope weren't around anymore.
33:58So he needed to get the attention of another buyer.
34:01He thought a bit of publicity might help.
34:04Matt LaManna can tell me more.
34:06This is an article that appeared in the New York Journal and Advertiser in December 1898.
34:14Describing a discovery that had just been made by Bill Reed in Wyoming.
34:18And it's very over the top.
34:21It's got the best headline I've ever read in my life.
34:23Most colossal animal ever on earth just found out west.
34:26But my favorite is actually not the headline itself, but the subtitles.
34:30Such as, when it ate, it filled the stomach large enough to hold three elephants.
34:34And is this the man who discovered it up here?
34:37Yeah, that's him. That's William Harlow Reed, Bill Reed.
34:40Shown with what is claimed to be the eight-foot thigh bone of the monster discovered in Wyoming.
34:46This article was not the only one that appeared about this discovery.
34:51In fact, an earlier article, maybe not quite as dramatic as this one,
34:56was noticed by somebody really powerful.
34:59This scrawl here, can you read that?
35:01And it says, my lord, can't you buy this for Pittsburgh? Try.
35:06And at the end, it's signed AC, Andrew Carnegie.
35:10So Carnegie's famous for being one of the richest men in the world.
35:13He's a big steel magnate in Pittsburgh.
35:15Why is he so interested in dinosaurs?
35:17He had a brand new museum.
35:18He wanted something that was going to get people to come.
35:20He wanted a gift for the people of Pittsburgh, basically, something to put their museum on the map.
35:26So yeah, it's amazing to think, here's Bill Reed working out there, getting all dusty on the front line.
35:31And he's got this weird pipeline now into one of the world's richest men sitting in his Fifth Avenue apartment.
35:36It seems like something that you would see in a movie.
35:38But as Carnegie would find out, it wasn't just as simple as going to Wyoming and bringing the giant dinosaur home.
35:48It turned out that this piece of bone was the only thing Bill Reed had found, not an entire dinosaur.
35:54Andrew Carnegie would need to fund his own hunt out in the Wild West.
36:03Although Bill Reed had found a huge bone, he didn't actually have the rest of the dinosaur to go with it.
36:09That didn't stop him, though, from promising it to Carnegie and his team.
36:14All he needed, he said, was a load of cash to dig it up.
36:16In 1899, Carnegie bit the bullet and sent a team out west to look for dinosaurs at the site.
36:28But instead of finding a huge prehistoric giant, they found nothing.
36:35Bill Reed had to come up with a backup plan quickly.
36:38And somehow, he had a hunch at another spot.
36:44A very remote place few people knew about might be a gold mine.
36:49Paleontologist Brent Breithaupt can take me there.
36:54But even today, it's not easy to find.
36:59So we're navigating based on a photograph taken in 1899.
37:02This is a photo of the quarry workers.
37:08But what we're interested in is the skyline here.
37:11We're looking for these outcrops, going off in the distance.
37:15Yeah, haven't got too much to go on, I'd say.
37:17No, not too much.
37:24After two long hours of driving through open landscape,
37:28Brent finds the spot.
37:36This is Sheep's Creek.
37:41So that was not an easy journey to get here.
37:43Very few people have ever come out here.
37:45And so the roads that we were following were barely roads.
37:51Carnegie's team started digging at this remote spot.
37:54As summer approached, the air became hot and filled with flies.
38:00The strong wind carried dust and tumbleweed.
38:04Worst of all, the temperature soared.
38:07Incredibly, the intense digging activity here has left many clues behind.
38:13Even today, a trained eye can still spot them.
38:16There's little bits and pieces of where the early collectors were working.
38:26Here we have an old can.
38:28There's really been no activity out here since the late 1800s, early 1900s.
38:33So anything we find relates to the fossil collecting.
38:36Can't believe it. From the original dig team, you think?
38:38The original dig team, yeah, from the Carnegie crew.
38:40If you keep looking around, lots of rocks.
38:43But this one here, a little fragment of bone.
38:46Get out of here.
38:47Take a look at that.
38:48You can see the little porous spaces of the bone.
38:50This appears to be a rib bone.
38:52And I'll bet that it's a rib bone of a diplodocus.
38:55What?
38:56That is very cool.
38:59On the 4th of July, 1899,
39:02the moment Carnegie's crew had been waiting for finally arrived.
39:06It was on that day that one of the workers struck something with his spade.
39:13He called over his friends and dug down deeper.
39:16Under his feet, he'd unearthed a massive toe bone.
39:21Over the coming days and months, the team uncovered an incredible find.
39:26Bit by bit, an almost complete diplodocus was taken out of the ground here.
39:31Over two thirds of the bones were found intact in great condition,
39:36not broken up into small pieces.
39:39Excitingly, a second diplodocus was also found here,
39:42probably related to the first.
39:48They'd lived together, travelled together and died together.
39:51And that meant that whatever was lacking from the first skeleton
40:04could be filled in from the second.
40:06So the fusion of the two created one of the world's most complete dinosaurs,
40:10and the world's most famous dinosaur, Dippy.
40:13The massive bones the crew recovered were sent 1,500 miles away to Pittsburgh,
40:21to Carnegie's brand new Museum of Natural History.
40:26I'm heading there to see the original Dippy.
40:29These are the actual bones taken out of the ground in Wyoming.
40:49The most complete diplodocus ever found.
40:53The pinnacle of 30 years of dinosaur hunting in the Wild West.
40:57Because of the date on which it discovered, the 4th of July,
41:00it was known as the Star Spangled Dinosaur.
41:05Dippy's discovery caused a stir, not just in the United States, but worldwide.
41:12There are still crowds of people who have come to see Dippy.
41:15Why is this such a famous dinosaur?
41:17So in 1902, Andrew Carnegie was hosting the King of England
41:21in Carnegie's castle in Scotland.
41:23And the King saw a picture of Diplodocus Carnegie on Carnegie's wall,
41:27and said, can we have one of these things for England?
41:30And in May of 1905, a copy of Diplodocus Carnegie went on display
41:34in London's British Museum of Natural History,
41:36now the Natural History Museum in London.
41:38The fame of Diplodocus spread from there.
41:41So other heads of state started asking Andrew Carnegie for copies of Diplodocus
41:46for their own museum.
41:47By the mid-1930s, there were copies in London, Paris, Berlin, Madrid,
41:52Vienna, Bologna, St. Petersburg, La Plata in Argentina, Mexico City,
41:58and a copy was sent to Munich.
42:00I remember being in a foreign European city, seeing it and going,
42:03what the heck is this British dinosaur doing here?
42:06The truth has been a bit difficult to digest.
42:09This dinosaur is probably the most seen dinosaur in the history of the planet.
42:15What started as two men fighting over fossils in the Wild West
42:19became an international craze to unlock the secrets of the prehistoric world
42:24and its gigantic animals.
42:27And it continues to this day.
42:32These breathtaking discoveries were revolutionary.
42:35They inspired new generations of explorers into the Badlands
42:38who in turn would discover new species of dinosaurs
42:42that would transform the way we understand life on Earth.
42:45And what I find so inspiring is the story is not yet over.
42:50So who knows what mysterious creatures lie waiting to be discovered
42:55in this vast wilderness.
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