How big is the univers

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00:00Earth. Our home planet. A tiny blue dot floating in the immense cosmic ocean. Here resides everyone

00:17you ever knew. Every human who ever lived. Every story that was ever told. It's where

00:23our journey begins. But as we zoom out, beyond our atmosphere, past the moon, beyond the

00:29familiar planets and the sun, we embark on an epic quest. A quest to grasp the true scale

00:36of our universe. As we leave Earth's embrace, the first marker on our cosmic journey is the

00:42moon. About 384,400 kilometers away. A distance so vast that if you were to drive a car at a

00:50constant speed of 100 kilometers per hour, it would take you over 160 days to reach it.

00:55And from this lunar vantage point, Earth appears as a fragile sphere of blues and greens, cradled

01:03in the black void of space. A sight that puts our existence into a humbling perspective.

01:09This is Earth as seen from the moon. As we continue our outward journey, the next milestone is the Sun,

01:16lying approximately one astronomical unit away from Earth. This unit, equivalent to about 150 million

01:24kilometers, is the standard measuring stick for distances in our solar system. Imagine this. Light,

01:31traveling at an astounding speed of 300,000 kilometers per second, takes about 8 minutes and 20 seconds to

01:37journey from the Sun to Earth. If you were to travel this distance in a commercial jet, flying at 900

01:44kilometers per hour, it would take you about 19 years. This immense distance is a stark reminder of the vastness

01:52of space, even within our own solar system. The Sun, a fiery behemoth, provides life-sustaining energy to

02:00our planet from this incredible distance. Venturing beyond our home planet, and its solar companion,

02:06the Sun, we set our sights on Mars, our enigmatic red neighbor. Mars, at its closest approach to Earth,

02:14is about 54.6 million kilometers away. However, this distance can stretch up to 401 million kilometers

02:22when the two planets are on opposite sides of the Sun. To put that in perspective, traveling to Mars at

02:29the speed of a commercial jet would take upwards of 50 years. This vast expanse of space between Earth

02:35and Mars has been a significant challenge for space exploration. The rovers and probes we've sent to the

02:41red planet embark on a journey that is not just far, but fraught with complexities due to the

02:47constantly changing distances and orbital dynamics. As we journey to the outermost reaches of our solar

02:54system, we encounter Neptune, the distant ice giant. Lying roughly 4.5 billion kilometers from Earth,

03:03Neptune marks the edge of our solar neighborhood. Sunlight, racing across the vacuum of space,

03:09takes about 4 hours and 15 minutes to reach Neptune from the Sun. This staggering distance

03:15showcases the enormity of our solar system. Launched in 1977, the Voyager 1 space probe represents

03:24humanity's insatiable curiosity and our desire to explore beyond known boundaries. As of now,

03:32Voyager 1 has traveled for over four decades, covering a staggering distance of more than 22 billion

03:38kilometers from Earth. It's the farthest human-made object from our planet, a silent wanderer in the

03:44cosmic sea. In 1990, at the suggestion of the renowned astronomer Carl Sagan, Voyager 1 turned its

03:51camera back towards Earth for one final photograph. This resulted in the iconic pale blue dot image.

03:59At a distance of about 6 billion kilometers from Earth, our planet appeared as a tiny, faint dot in the

04:05vastness of space. Sagan poetically reflected on this image, emphasizing our responsibility to cherish

04:12and preserve our only home, a small speck in the immense universe. At the very fringes of our solar

04:18system lies the Oort cloud, a vast theoretical sphere of icy objects. This distant cloud is thought to

04:26extend up to a staggering 100,000 astronomical units from the Sun. That's about 1.9 light-years,

04:34a distance so immense that it's on the cusp of interstellar space. Scientists determine the

04:40boundary of interstellar space, known as the heliopause, where the Sun's solar wind is stopped

04:46by the interstellar medium. This is where the influence of our Sun ceases and the vast realm

04:53of interstellar space begins. The Oort cloud represents the final frontier of our solar system,

04:59a boundary zone where the Sun's influence wanes and the cosmic journey into the galaxy truly begins.

05:07As we venture beyond the confines of our solar system, our next point of interest is Alpha Centauri,

05:13the closest star system to our Sun. Located about 41.3 trillion kilometers away,

05:20this distance is equivalent to over 276,000 astronomical units. At such colossal distances,

05:29the AU, a measure so convenient within our solar system, begins to lose its practicality.

05:35Hence, astronomers use the light year, the distance light travels in one year, for interstellar

05:41measurements. Alpha Centauri is about 4.4 light-years away from us. Considering our current space travel

05:47technology, a journey to Alpha Centauri is almost unfathomable. For instance, the Voyager spacecraft,

05:55traveling at about 17 kilometers per second, would take over 70,000 years to reach this neighboring

06:00star system. This immense distance underscores the vastness of space that separates the stars

06:07and highlights the challenges of interstellar travel. Our journey now takes us to the grand scale

06:13of our home galaxy, the Milky Way. Spanning about 100,000 light-years in diameter, this vast spiral

06:20galaxy is home to hundreds of billions of stars, each potentially hosting their own planetary systems.

06:27Within this immense structure, there's a tiny sphere known as the Human Radio Bubble, extending about 100

06:33light-years from Earth. This bubble represents the farthest extent of human influence in the cosmos,

06:39the reach of our radio and television broadcasts into space. Beyond this bubble, it's as if humanity

06:45never existed. Any civilizations residing in the vast majority of our galaxy would be oblivious to our

06:52presence, given that our signals haven't reached them yet. The scale of the Milky Way is so vast that

06:59our entire recorded history is but a whisper in the cosmic wind, undetectable beyond this small bubble.

07:05As we leave the Milky Way, we enter the vast, almost incomprehensible realm of intergalactic space.

07:12Here, galaxies float in the cosmic ocean, separated by mind-boggling distances.

07:18Our galaxy is part of a small cosmic neighborhood known as the Local Group, a cluster of more than 50

07:25galaxies spread across approximately 10 million light-years. The Local Group is a diverse assembly,

07:31including not just spiral galaxies like the Milky Way and Andromeda, but also a multitude of smaller

07:37dwarf galaxies. The distances here are so vast that light from one end of the Local Group to the other

07:43would take 10 million years to traverse. This scale dwarfs anything within our own galaxy,

07:49underscoring the enormity of the universe. Intergalactic space is a silent expanse,

07:55a vast wilderness between the islands of galactic light. In this immense void, our galaxy, home to our

08:02entire history, is just a tiny speck among many, a single story in the Grand Cosmic Library.

08:09As we extend our cosmic gaze beyond the Local Group, we encounter the colossal Virgo Supercluster,

08:16an immense collection of galaxy groups and clusters, including our own Local Group. Encompassing a region of

08:22space about 110 million light-years in diameter, or 33 megaparsecs, the Virgo Supercluster is a

08:30titanic structure in the universe, containing thousands of galaxies from at least 100 galaxy

08:35groups and clusters, each with their own myriad stars and planets. As we journey outward from the

08:43Virgo Supercluster, we arrive at an even more staggering cosmic structure, the Laniachia Supercluster.

08:49This immense congregation of galaxies, which includes the Virgo Supercluster and extends over

08:55500 million light-years, is our galactic home on a grand scale. Laniachia, meaning immense heaven in

09:02Hawaiian, truly lives up to its name. Containing the mass of 100 million billion suns, Laniachia is a

09:10gravitational masterpiece, with galaxy clusters, superclusters, and countless celestial bodies bound

09:16in a cosmic web of attraction and motion. At the heart of Laniachia lies the Great Attractor,

09:23a mysterious region of space that exerts a massive gravitational pull on the galaxies within this

09:30supercluster. In this vast expanse, our Milky Way, the entire Local Group, and even the Virgo Supercluster,

09:37are just tiny components of this gigantic structure. Laniachia provides a profound context for our existence,

09:44In this immense supercluster, we are part of something far greater and more majestic than

09:50we can fully comprehend. As we reach the boundaries of our cosmic exploration,

09:55we encounter the limits of the observable universe, an astronomical marvel stretching about 93 billion

10:02light-years in diameter. This begs a fascinating question. If the universe is only 13.8 billion years old,

10:10how can it be so vast? The answer lies in the nature of cosmic expansion. The universe has been expanding

10:17since the Big Bang, stretching space and increasing distances between celestial bodies. But what lies

10:24beyond the observable universe? This remains one of the greatest mysteries of cosmology. Some regions of

10:31space are expanding away from us faster than the speed of light, placing them forever out of our view.

10:37Consequently, the true size of the entire universe remains unknown and potentially infinite. The

10:45observable universe, vast as it is, might just be a tiny fragment of the entire cosmic expanse.

10:51We are left with the humbling realization that there might always be regions of space, entire galaxies and

10:58wonders that we will never witness as they retreat endlessly into the depths of the ever-expanding universe.

11:079v2-4-2-46-3-4-世界

11:21Shri Treas

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