00:00Putting up curtains to give you some privacy at home has not been enough since the Xaver 1000 was invented.
00:07This gadget might look like a weird camera, but it is actually a next-generation radar explicitly designed to see through walls.
00:16Yep, just like a superhero.
00:18But its power is to visualize objects hiding behind obstacles and show you a 3D model of them with exceptional resolution on a touchscreen display.
00:28Now, you might be wondering how this technology can imagine what's going on inside your house.
00:35Okay, maybe imagine is not the best word choice, since it is much more precise than that.
00:42This technology uses radio waves, and one thing we know about radio waves is that they can pass through walls,
00:48which is also why we can talk on our smartphones inside buildings, or use Wi-Fi to transfer data from one room to another.
00:56So, while radio waves can penetrate walls, they don't make them transparent.
01:02That is why the Xaver 1000 can only generate an image of what is inside a building, but not show you the exact real deal.
01:10After all, it's not some hidden magical camera.
01:14When the radar waves from the Xaver 1000 hit something on the other side of a wall, like a person, a dog, or a television, they bounce back.
01:22The device catches these echoes and uses them to create a picture of what's behind the wall by making a smart image reconstruction in 3D, using AI methods.
01:33What makes this technology super interesting is how detailed the picture can be.
01:38I mean, it's not just a vague blob.
01:41You can actually see where people are and how they're moving, whether they're sitting, standing, or lying down doing nothing.
01:47Plus, it can also tell the height of any object.
01:50This makes it incredibly useful for rescue teams.
01:56Firefighters, for instance, can be situated at a safe distance from dangerous surroundings and scan a large area quickly.
02:03They can see if anyone is trapped inside a room on fire without having to break in blindly.
02:09The Xaver 1000 was particularly useful during last year's earthquake in Turkey,
02:14helping locate trapped survivors and guiding rescuers to their exact locations.
02:19Although this gadget is mostly used for good, you might be wondering if someone could spy on your house with it.
02:26And yeah, in theory they can.
02:28But there is one thing you can do to prevent that, making the Xaver 1000 pretty useless.
02:33So, radio wave devices can penetrate almost any type of wall, including cement, drywall, plaster, brick, and even reinforced concrete.
02:41However, they can't penetrate through metal buildings or walls lined with metal or foil.
02:48This is because metal reflects radio waves, just like a mirror reflects light.
02:53And that means that all the energy emitted by Xaver 1000 will be blocked.
02:57In fact, the strange way metal reacts to radio waves is exactly what powers those high-tech scanners you see at airports.
03:07You know, the ones where you stand still, raise your arms, and a machine spins around you?
03:11These fancy scanners use something called Advanced Imaging Technology, or simply AIT,
03:18which sends millimeter waves through a passenger's body.
03:21When you step into the scanner, it emits electromagnetic waves that bounce off your body and anything you're carrying.
03:28So, no, people who control these machines can't see inside the body or through the skin,
03:33which means they can't detect things like tampons.
03:37But if a passenger has something dangerous in their pocket, the machine will spot it.
03:42And that includes any dangerous metal objects.
03:45Like I mentioned earlier, metal reflects radio waves,
03:50so that means it behaves differently compared to how waves interact with fabric or skin.
03:55These reflections help the scanner pinpoint the location of dangerous objects on a basic outline of the human body.
04:03In recent years, similar technologies have made significant breakthroughs.
04:07For instance, in 2020, a device called Ground Penetrating Radar unveiled all the mysteries of the ancient Roman city called Valeriae Novi.
04:18This city, located approximately 30 miles north of Rome, is partially buried.
04:24But thanks to the Ground Penetrating Radar, we now know a lot about it.
04:29Valeriae Novi had a population of around 3,000 people,
04:32and it boasted an elaborate public bath complex, a market building,
04:37at least 60 large houses, and a rectangular temple with columns near the city's south gate.
04:43All of these hidden secrets were discovered and mapped out in just about four months.
04:48And they managed to uncover everything so quickly because they didn't excavate it with machines and shovels.
04:54They scanned it.
04:55That's right. Ground Penetrating Radar is widely used in archaeology
05:00because it can detect and map buried structures and artifacts without the need for excavation,
05:06which can be expensive and time-consuming.
05:10This radar operates similarly to devices like the Xaver 1000 or body scanners used at airports,
05:16enabling it to see through things.
05:18It works by emitting pulsed radar signals into the ground via a radar antenna
05:23and then detecting echoes that bounce back from objects.
05:28Discovering ancient Roman cities may seem distant to us,
05:32but similar technologies are much more present in our daily lives than we realize.
05:37Take self-driving cars, for example.
05:40They have the ability to see their surroundings by detecting obstacles, pedestrians, and other vehicles.
05:46This capability is made possible thanks to a technology called LiDAR,
05:51which uses lasers to emit pulses of light at incredibly high speeds
05:56to measure distances through a process known as time of flight.
06:00So, these laser pulses are emitted by this device,
06:04and when they hit an object, they bounce back to the LiDAR sensor.
06:08The system calculates the time it takes for each pulse to return,
06:11predicts locations and distances,
06:13and then creates 3D maps of the whole environment.
06:17These maps include details such as buildings, roads, and other vehicles.
06:22This information is then combined with other data,
06:25like the speed limit, to ensure safe navigation during the trip.
06:29Next on our list of technologies with a sixth sense is hyperspectral imaging.
06:35Imagine a camera that doesn't just capture the usual red, green, and blue colors,
06:39but instead captures hundreds of different colors across the entire light spectrum.
06:45This includes wavelengths invisible to the human eye,
06:48such as infrared radiation, ultraviolet rays, and even x-rays and gamma rays.
06:54A hyperspectral camera goes beyond what we can actually see
06:58by breaking down light into numerous bands, or slices, of colors.
07:03It separates light into individual wavelengths, or spectral bands,
07:08providing a two-dimensional image of a scene that reveals important and hidden information.
07:14We can use this technology in many different ways.
07:17For example, have you ever wondered how your fruits and veggies
07:20stay fresh and perfect in the store?
07:22That's because hyperspectral cameras can quickly scan and analyze large volumes of food products in real time.
07:31This device measures ripeness, conducts mold inspections, and even detects contamination.
07:37The idea is to reduce food waste while ensuring that only the best-looking
07:42and best-tasting products reach your local grocery store.
07:46Thermal imaging cameras work in a similar way,
07:49and they help keep our homes warmer, especially during the cold months.
07:53Think of these cool gadgets as detectives that spot invisible clues about energy,
07:58showing where your home loses heat or lets in drafts.
08:03What thermal imaging cameras do is detect infrared energy emitted by all objects based on their temperature.
08:10This energy is invisible to the human eye,
08:13but these cameras can see it all and translate it for us using an infrared detector.
08:17The camera's software processes the captured radiation data and translates it into an image.
08:24You know, I'm talking about those weird pictures that show how hot or cold things are.
08:29Different colors indicate different temperatures,
08:32with red typically representing hot areas and blue indicating cold.
08:37In short, you just have to point these cameras at windows, doors, and walls of your home
08:43and let the thermal images show you where the cold air is sneaking in.
08:47But it is a good idea to call a technician to help you with that.
08:52That's it for today.
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