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00:00This is the giant devilfish, feared and avoided for centuries, subject of fable and folklore,
00:12the octopus.
00:22Because of his sinister reputation, few have dared to confront this legendary eight-armed
00:28monster of the deep.
00:30As his great cloud of ink spewed from his breathing funnel confuses his enemies, so does his legend
00:44obscure the truth about him.
00:46There is much to be learned about this mysterious mollusk that swims in the depths of the sea
00:51and prowls the bottom of the underwater jungle.
00:54From the Pacific to the Mediterranean, Captain Cousteau and Calypso divers would now observe
01:10and photograph one of man's most curious contemporaries, the much maligned octopus, and seek the truth
01:18about this enigmatic cave-dweller of the sea.
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02:19Marseille, France's chief seaport on the Mediterranean.
02:40Espadon, Calypso's little sister.
02:43A fishing vessel refitted by Captain Cousteau as an auxiliary dive boat
02:47leaves the old harbor and heads southeast.
02:49Where the major phase of the study of the octopus will take place.
02:55Head diver Albert Falco discusses the venture with Frederic Dumas.
03:01Before the invention of the aqualung, which Dumas helped Cousteau test in 1943,
03:06man could only speculate about the legendary monsters lurking beneath the seas.
03:11Artists and writers long depicted octopuses as gigantic, bloodthirsty creatures,
03:20powerful enough to crush ships.
03:22Dubbed devil fish, they were hideous of appearance, ferocious and hungry.
03:27Victor Hugo wrote,
03:29The horrible tentacles are tough as steel, cold as night.
03:34The octopus draws you to him.
03:36Powerless, you feel yourself emptied into the horrible pouch,
03:40which is the monster itself.
03:41The tearing of the flesh is terrible.
03:43But Victor Hugo never met an octopus.
03:59At Friul Island, Cousteau's divers are ready now to seek the truth
04:03about this controversial animal, and separate fact from fiction.
04:18Michel Delois hands down his cameras.
04:20Not him stirring prose, but beneath the concealing skin of the sea is the real world of the octopus.
04:50In the Mediterranean, the octopus has neither the proportions nor temperament of a monster.
04:59It is small and shy.
05:10It flies away as might a timid bird and lands on a sunlit underwater hillside.
05:20Octopus, octopus, octopus, are you really so unappealing?
05:25Curious you are, as much as we, but cautious.
05:31Once, the octopus had a protective shell.
05:34During evolution, the shell was abandoned.
05:37Gaining increased mobility, the octopus rose above its cousins,
05:41the clam, the oyster, and the snail.
05:44Without a fortress on its back, it is vulnerable.
05:46And now it protects itself by swift color changes in superb camouflage.
05:57Jeuneste is surprised by the animal's awareness.
06:01Its extreme sensitivity, even to the anticipation of touch.
06:04When confronted by things larger than himself,
06:18the Mediterranean octopus, normally measuring no more than two feet across,
06:23expands to look larger than he is.
06:25With this display, he seeks to frighten off jeunestes, or predators,
06:34in the often ruthless competition in the sea.
06:38To escape his enemies, the octopus needs speed
06:42and uses his breathing funnel for jet propulsion.
06:45He also needs sharp sight, and has developed almost human eyes.
06:51Without these resources, with no skeleton or bones,
06:55the octopus would be a hopeless animal.
06:58Yet there is advantage in his bonelessness.
07:01He can change his shape and size,
07:03and push himself away from danger in a sudden show of grace.
07:07In the vast aquarium, that is the world of the Mediterranean octopus,
07:26our divers are strangers.
07:29Because of the animal's shyness, we have not descended in force.
07:33By gently diving and swimming with them,
07:37we hope they will begin to accept us as appealing creatures.
08:03In Seattle, in the cold Pacific waters,
08:12another octopus study gets underway.
08:17Calypso divers Raymond Cole and Louis Preslin
08:20are escorted to octopus lairs by their American guides,
08:24divers Joanne Duffy and Gary Keffler.
08:26The octopus order comprises some 150 species,
08:38the smallest one inch long.
08:40Preslin and Cole have come to take a look
08:42at the largest known species in the world,
08:45the North American octopus,
08:46which from tentacle to tentacle spans 20 feet
08:50and weighs up to 125 pounds.
08:52Tell me, Joanne, what is the best way for catching the octopus?
08:56You've got to find a rocky area
08:58where you can look up inside the cracks and crevices of the rock
09:01and find them.
09:01They hide in very small places in the rocks.
09:05Joanne, a diving instructor with a master's degree in fish biology,
09:10qualifies with the Calypso team.
09:14Gary, who has had long experience with the octopus,
09:17will captain the dive.
09:18The scenery, paved with large white anemones,
09:33is alien to Preslin and Cole.
09:41The terrain is familiar to Gary and Joanne.
09:44A giant octopus on the prowl.
10:01A cephalopod, an animal with his head on his feet.
10:05Is this the origin of the fabled devil fish,
10:09the legendary monster that crushed men and devoured ships?
10:12The men of Calypso will soon discover exactly how strong he is,
10:23precisely how dangerous.
10:25For here, he is no legend.
10:28He is real.
10:28The Pacific octopus, largest in the world,
10:41confronted.
10:43His skin grows spiny.
10:44His color cells change.
10:55Joanne must grasp the octopus before he reaches his rocky lair.
10:59If he reaches his lair,
11:07he will be able to cling to the sides of the grotto with his powerful suction cups,
11:12and his great strength will be multiplied.
11:14In the words of Victor Hugo,
11:19no fate could be more horrible than to be entwined in those eight clammy arms,
11:24to feel those 800 discs with their cold adhesive touch,
11:28like so many mouths devouring you at the same time.
11:31Gary has a greater problem with his octopus.
11:46Securely anchored to rocks, it exerts the stronger force.
11:50Gary's mask is pulled away, and he must clear it of water.
11:53The other octopus has underestimated the powers of a woman.
12:00For the moment, at least,
12:01Joanne has hers under control.
12:07Gary is engulfed.
12:09Victor Hugo, claws are harmless compared with the horrible action of this animal's suckers.
12:19The talons of a wild beast enter into your flesh,
12:23but with the octopus, it is you who enters into the creature.
12:31In truth, once removed from the rocks,
12:34the octopus loses its defensive spirit.
12:38It opens like a flower.
12:41Even a monster can be carried as easily as a bridal bouquet.
12:46Our divers now observe his horny parrot's beak,
12:50used to tear crab and lobster shells.
12:54A toxic saliva can be secreted by this narrow mouth,
12:58but the only octopus whose bite can be lethal
13:00belongs to a tiny species.
13:04In spite of his legend,
13:14the octopus is a misunderstood creature
13:16who will avoid you if he can.
13:19Matched in mid-water against a girl of experience,
13:22even the largest octopus in the world
13:24doesn't stand a chance.
13:26In the Mediterranean,
13:39off the coast of southern France,
13:41Captain Cousteau joins the divers aboard the Aspadon.
13:44He comes with news of an octopus city,
13:51east of Pokroles.
13:54Hello?
13:57They will be heading for the Bay of Alicastra,
13:59off the island of Pokroles.
14:02Here they can best film
14:03the small and agile Mediterranean octopus.
14:05En route to Alicastra Bay,
14:22Captain Cousteau describes the great variety
14:24of octopus homes he has encountered
14:26all around the world.
14:27He speculates on how the octopus survives
14:35the harsh life here,
14:36on the flat floor of the Mediterranean.
14:43Geneste approaches a typical abode
14:45of the Mediterranean octopus.
14:47The animal has laboriously drawn rocks
14:49from great distances
14:50and piled them around a broken clay jar
14:53within which he makes a home.
14:57When he does not find a ready-made home
14:59like a narrow crevice or a shipwreck,
15:02the octopus must build his house around him.
15:06As man uses arms and hands,
15:09the octopus uses his arms and suckers
15:12to barricade the door.
15:19The housing shortage here is severe.
15:29For the octopus,
15:30there are few natural fortresses
15:32against marauding groupers,
15:34conger or moray eels.
15:36In this bare territory,
15:38the octopus often draws man's debris
15:40around him for protection.
15:42Our divers even report a live hand grenade
15:46guarding one octopus's house.
15:49The octopus is a solitary creature.
15:58And for him,
15:59any refuge he can find is home,
16:02whether it be an amphora
16:03dating back to the Roman Empire
16:05or a symbol of today's civilization,
16:09a tin can.
16:11In his home,
16:12the octopus feeds on crustaceans
16:13or small fish.
16:15His favorite food is crab.
16:19The octopus will swiftly paralyze his prey
16:25with venom,
16:26then curl up with canned crab.
16:34In the Mediterranean,
16:36the search for a home
16:37or for building material is constant.
16:40For many homeless octopuses,
16:41there is no haven at all
16:43on these open plains.
16:44But they continue to search
16:46in vain.
16:58When no semblance of a home
17:00can be found,
17:01these wanderers are forced
17:03to travel long, tiring voyages.
17:05Because of the nature
17:14of its locomotion
17:15by jet propulsion
17:16through the breathing funnel
17:17in the middle of its body,
17:18the octopus swims backward.
17:21The leading edge
17:21is not the head,
17:23but the muscular mantle.
17:25Swimming backward,
17:26it has a blind spot,
17:27and it crashes a lot.
17:28Under a submarine cliff,
17:49one octopus at least
17:50finds security.
17:52The Espadon travels past
17:59the Chateau d'If
18:00of Count of Monte Cristo fame.
18:06Observed from this ship,
18:08a Mediterranean fisherman
18:09in age-old tradition,
18:11setting his pots for octopuses.
18:15Now, throughout the world,
18:17cephalopods are an important food source.
18:19The annual harvest
18:21is grown to over a million tons,
18:23one pound for every human on Earth.
18:30The octopus has no way of knowing
18:32that he is gaining
18:33increasing acceptance
18:35from gourmet.
18:37The fisherman, as of all,
18:39takes advantage
18:39of the housing shortage.
18:42For the unsuspecting octopus,
18:45the ready-made residence
18:46will become a trap.
18:49The pentru governs
18:51will be open to other hospitals
18:52in the world.
18:53For the future,
18:54there is another chance
18:54find carbon
19:11in some minor Salvadorian
19:13riverdag yok Switzerland,
19:14but theуст
19:17therefore,
19:18For centuries, octopus fishermen have employed the most humane means to kill their catch.
19:34An expert bite at a nerve center between the eyes kills the octopus instantly.
19:42That is not the humane fate this octopus has looked forward to.
19:47He prefers not to end up with its fellow octopuses in a Mediterranean marketplace.
20:09With eyes lifted high in panic, our octopus parachutes to the bottom.
20:15Once more, he has to look for a home, a more secure home.
20:24He is fortunate he finds an emperor.
20:27However, the ancient jugs are usually already occupied.
20:34Life is difficult on this barren basement of the sea.
20:38The scarcity of shelter can lead to mortal conflict.
20:45Here, two octopuses battle for possession of a jar.
20:52With coiling, sucker-clad arms, the owner of the jar would strangle the intruder.
21:07The owner of the jar thrusts an arm into the intruder's breathing aperture to choke off his oxygen supply.
21:22When home, food or sex is at stake, there are no gentlemen.
21:27The gentle octopus can become a fierce octopus.
21:38Strangled, the loser begins to turn wide while the winner tears at a stretched tentacle with its beak.
21:52The victor will hold its blanched and motionless opponent in a death grip until it expires.
22:08Still a flicker of life.
22:19There comes a point where we cannot remain passive observers of the merciless life and death struggle.
22:28Jeunesse has difficulty separating the combatants.
22:31The victor is reluctant to let go.
22:34His reward will be to retain his house.
22:40The loser swims off.
22:42Although it has lost tentacles, the octopus still sits once immediately.
22:49But our octopus is gravely injured.
22:58Ironically, for our battle-weary octopus, it is man's underwater litter that provides a refuge and a home.
23:27Aboard Calypso, Captain Cousteau approaches Monaco's renowned oceanographic museum.
23:47At the museum, Cousteau plans laboratory studies of the octopus,
23:54with scientists Andrew Packide and Geoffrey Sanders.
23:59You have them in the lab?
24:01We're going to bring this one.
24:02Oh, this one?
24:03Yes, and we have other ones that we caught last week.
24:06Very good.
24:07Captain Cousteau will have this female octopus, recently caught in the Mediterranean,
24:13transferred for potential mating to an aquarium in the basement of the museum.
24:20In the wild, for the octopus, finding a mate is a matter of chance.
24:24Placed in a tank with a male, the female begins to clean her suction cups, while Cousteau and Packard observe.
24:31She's doing this in front of a male.
24:32She's doing this in front of a male.
24:33You don't think it is to affect him?
24:34He doesn't seem very attractive.
24:35No, he is not.
24:36But she has come near him to do it.
24:38Now, the meeting of a male and a female can occur in the tank as well as in nature.
24:47Yes, a male makes the first approaches to a female.
24:51He ensures her cooperation by perhaps rather subtle signals.
24:56The flashing of a dark ring around the eye seems to be one of them.
25:01Another is to raise the arms.
25:04I understand that the third arm is a sexual organ.
25:07The male is getting active.
25:11And you see that flashing of the eye, the dark ring around the eye.
25:15This perhaps is also part of the recognition process, the courtship.
25:20And this third right arm, which is a special modified arm, is exploring over her body,
25:27trying to find an entrance into the aperture where the eggs are to be found.
25:33These animals, you see, have a true mating.
25:38They pass their sperms in the form of packets, beautiful packets, into the cavity of the female.
25:46And the sperm fertilizes the eggs while they're still in the body of the female.
25:52Now, this is accompanied by a sort of excitement which makes this cycle of change in the male.
26:00Yes.
26:01What about the female?
26:03Does she present something that you think she feels pleasure?
26:06Well, I don't know whether she felt something or I would suppose so.
26:11Now, the female is considered, will be considered as pregnant at the end of this operation.
26:17And she will lay her eggs so long after the copulation.
26:21Sometimes the egg laying takes place shortly after, but it can be three months after.
26:26The female breeds only once in a brief time.
26:31The male will be free to mate with other females if he can overcome the hazards of time and place.
26:38The coupling terminated.
26:47The female will reject the male as she becomes solely concerned with the brood she is to bring to life.
26:53Captain Cousteau has the pregnant female removed from the tank.
27:02She will be returned to the floor of the sea to hatch her eggs in the environment in which she was found.
27:23Again alone, she will build a home and wait five to six weeks for her hatch, alone.
27:40Periodic inspections reveal the female's eggs are maturing.
27:52She has glued her thousands of eggs to the ceiling of her nest, where they now hang down in clusters like ripening grapes.
28:01The female shields them with her outturned arms.
28:04She keeps them oxygenated by squirts of water from her funnel and vacuum cleans them with her suction cups.
28:10Geneste offers her a fish to see if she will eat, for the female octopus stops foraging when she is brooding her eggs.
28:28Meanwhile, small fish outside her nest wait to gobble up the firstborn.
28:35She is near starvation, but she refuses to take the nourishment that could save her life.
28:47She will not eat.
28:56One scientist believes she instinctively refuses food because food remains might contaminate her eggs.
29:06Although she will die shortly after her eggs hatch, the octopus continues to reject the offering, then makes a remarkable attempt to push away the diver himself.
29:17It is unusual for an octopus to leave her eggs, but now pushed to extraordinary courage in their defense, she attacks the diver.
29:36Cousteau cameraman will now take advantage of the female's unexpected departure from her nest.
29:59With a specially developed camera, they will photograph the hatching.
30:06Michel Delois removes a single strand of eggs.
30:11Through nature's overabundance, each of approximately 50 clusters contains up to 4,000 octopus embryos.
30:19It is for the massive hatch that the small fish wait.
30:24The octopus, making her way through hungry fish, returns to her nest to care for her eggs.
30:37To film the birth of the octopuses, new techniques for undersea microscopic filming are developed at Cousteau's Center of Advanced Marine Studies in Marseille.
31:04The miracle of the egg is as close as we can get to the ultimate mystery.
31:15The great eyes and pulsing mantle of the octopus infant are a revelation.
31:21The babies struggle to burst their bonds and begin life on their own.
31:27Octopus, octopus, translucent forms, duplicating that of your mother.
31:38Your mother, now dying, but blowing her young out of the nest, releasing them to the world, never to see them again.
31:48Sparks of life, jet propelled by tiny blasts from their breathing siphons.
32:00The baby octopuses embark on a perilous journey.
32:03Few will survive even the first hours of life.
32:10In increasing numbers, fish have gathered outside the nest.
32:14They have come to feast on the newborn.
32:17Octopus, octopus, your babies are dying.
32:26Of the females 200,000 offspring, only one or two will reach maturity.
32:44Yet, those that die support the essential pyramid of food that encompasses all living creatures of the sea.
32:56A young survivor.
33:01Geneste slowly approaches a baby octopus a few weeks old.
33:05The baby is as curious about the diver as Geneste is about him.
33:14His movements may be jerky, but he is already a master of camouflage.
33:24He moves in spurts, in doubt whether to hide or flee.
33:30He moves in the wild.
33:31He moves in the wild.
33:32He moves in the wild.
33:33He moves in the wild.
33:34He moves in the wild.
33:35He moves in the wild.
33:40Increasing his weight by 20% a day, he has successfully survived a drifting plantonic existence.
33:49Now he's a real octopus, confronted with the problems of freedom.
33:53Still terribly vulnerable, he flees and inks on his way to becoming the fabled monster that devours men and crushes ships.
34:14On the floor of the Mediterranean, an octopus approaches a windfall, the catch in a fisherman's net.
34:29This is something he simply has to investigate.
34:31The fisherman's net was dropped near the octopus home by chance.
34:58But is the octopus capable of learning by experience?
35:02And how does he learn?
35:04Is he capable of creating his own opportunities, consciously?
35:09And is this intelligence?
35:13These are questions that scientists have been asking about the octopus.
35:17As in laboratories, they conduct experimental work on the psychology of the animal.
35:22Dr. Jeffrey Sanders is a specialist in octopus learning and memory.
35:26At Monaco Oceanographic Museum, Captain Cousteau and Dr. Andrew Packard joined Sanders in a demonstration of octopus learning.
35:34This is a high animal. It's one of the three main groups of high animals.
35:37The vertebrates, of course, to which we belong.
35:40And insects, which we're also quite familiar with.
35:43And these cephalopods.
35:45This brain, compared, for instance, with the brain of a bee, has perhaps a thousand times as many cells.
35:52500 million cells.
35:54That's about a hundred times less than we have, right?
35:57About, yes.
35:59But shall we see how it behaves to a shape?
36:03This is a black circle, then.
36:06He introduced the black circle.
36:08But as soon as we look back, a very rapid attack.
36:11And a fish reward.
36:14He's taking the fish now.
36:17So he's trained to respond to the black target.
36:20He's had some training to respond to black, yes.
36:23That's amazing.
36:25They're very strong animals.
36:27Sometimes they don't like to let go of the target.
36:30Oh.
36:36Notice how their behavior is very well adapted to this type of experiment.
36:40He comes out.
36:41He attacks.
36:42Receives the reward.
36:43And returns to his home.
36:45Let's try with the white shape.
36:47With the white, yes.
36:49And this time, if he attacks the white shape, I shall give him a small electric shock.
36:54As a punishment.
36:55As a punishment.
36:56There's the white shape.
37:01He's never seen the white shape before.
37:04He attacks.
37:06A small shock.
37:07He doesn't like that.
37:12He looks very frustrated when going back to his home.
37:22We present him again with the black...
37:24Dr. Sanders again presents the black circle.
37:27The attack is even more rapid.
37:29And the octopus is again given its fish reward.
37:33Another circle, but this time white.
37:42And we want to train the animal not to attack the white.
37:47Hey.
37:48He hesitates.
37:49Do you see?
37:50He hesitates.
37:51But then he's already had one shock for attacking the white shape.
37:55He's very intelligent.
37:57Maybe.
37:58He's very smart.
37:59The way I feel.
38:00He's very smart, let's say.
38:01I'm very smart.
38:02No, he doesn't want it.
38:03Short time.
38:04It's very good.
38:05You're very smart.
38:06An appetizing lobster, enclosed in a quart glass sphere, will now be used to test the intelligence
38:13of the octopus in the wild.
38:26In the laboratory, conditioned by man, the octopus responded to reward and punishment.
38:43Now Jeunesse descends to the living laboratory, where there are no controls.
38:48And where reward for lessons learned is survival.
38:52How can she get at one of her favorite foods, encased in a sealed jar?
39:11She would immediately pull the lobster into her lair, but unexpectedly encounters glass.
39:17With one slim arm, she explores the previously unseen, unfelt barriers between her and the
39:24lobster.
39:25The jar.
39:27The cork.
39:30The hole in the cork, which admits sea water to keep the lobster alive.
39:40For the octopus, it is a completely new and perplexing experience.
39:53Arms firmly anchored in its home, the octopus now attempts to possess the lobster by drawing
39:59the whole contraption into her house.
40:15It, unfortunately, doesn't fit.
40:25Again, she explores the hole in the cork.
40:28This might be a way to get the lobster.
40:30She can touch it, but she can't capture it.
40:37Accustomed to engulfing its food, the octopus is thwarted, but not defeated.
40:46It wants that lobster, and capable of emotion, it gets mad.
40:52Its respiration is faster, and its heartbeat, too.
40:55Thus stimulated, does the octopus think out its problem?
41:09In actual time, it took the octopus three hours to solve its problem.
41:32Certainly, trial and error were involved, but in the end, was it luck or logic that removed
41:39the cork?
41:41All we can say is that the octopus did remove the cork.
41:47With the lobster in her possession, the troublesome container is gladly relinquished by Octopus Victorious.
42:08Jeunesse descends to the home of the young female octopus, which has by now grown to know him well.
42:29She reaches out affectionately, in satisfying contrast to his earliest encounters with the animals,
42:35when the octopuses would flee and hide.
42:38The success of the octopus study has been dependent upon a personal one-to-one relationship,
42:44man and octopus.
42:46And in farewell, they may evaluate each other now.
42:50Man is the only animal gifted with the combination of a superior brain, hands, and language.
43:03Of these three, the octopus has two, a brain and lots of manipulating arms.
43:10Although mute, the octopus has its own way of communicating with your nest.
43:15The octopus is today still undergoing rapid evolution.
43:43When it gave up the burden of its protective shell, it gained speed and dexterity.
43:50It developed the largest brain of all invertebrates and behavior comparable in many respects with
43:56that of the higher vertebrates.
43:58If it were not for the handicap of a very short life, only two or three years, a very brief time
44:05to learn the world, who knows what plateaus this animal would have reached.
44:10The resourceful octopus is not endangered.
44:13Without assistance from man, he has made it on his own.
44:17An independent creature with a future in the sea.
44:22At Lindero Canyon Middle School, Agora, California, young people have been learning what the octopus is really like.
44:39Captain Cousteau visits the school.
44:42You know, I brought you some very unusual pictures of octopus.
44:45Look at this one, baby.
44:46It's a giant octopus from 20,000 leagues out of the sea.
44:50And Eric, look at that one.
44:55Is that frightening?
44:56Yeah.
44:57And the pool diver, what happens to him?
45:01And this man with a knife trying to save his life.
45:04But the worst of course, Nicky, is the giant octopus that catches an entire ship, crashes it and pulls it down to the bottom of the ocean.
45:15How do you believe that story, all these stories?
45:18No, I don't.
45:19You don't?
45:20Uh-uh.
45:21So this octopus here is friendly, David.
45:25Would you like to shake hands with him?
45:27Do you think it would be agreeable?
45:28It would be nice?
45:30I don't know.
45:31It might be pretty gassy.
45:33Let's try.
45:34Huh?
45:35Can we, Jim, can we...
45:37From Pacific tidal pools, teacher Jim Smith has brought small octopuses into the classroom for study.
45:45She's got plenty of hands to shake with, Deb.
45:47Yes.
45:48Say hello with one.
45:49Say hello.
45:51There she is.
45:53Here.
45:55She's a friendly girl.
45:57How does it feel?
45:59Is it cold?
46:00Take an arm in your hand.
46:03How is it?
46:04It's cushy and it sticks.
46:14We, too, have learned to look upon the octopus differently.
46:18But legends do not die that easily.
46:21Aboard Calypso, our divers marvel at the size of a Pacific monster, red with rage in his prison.
46:30We will leave him alone, this Houdini of the deep.
46:33He is an escape artist, without a bone in his body.
46:50Out of his element, the octopus is a chaos of flesh.
47:08Back in the order of the sea, he himself is reborn to order.
47:27To life, grace, and beauty.
47:30To life, grace, and beauty.
47:31To life, grace, and beauty.
47:32To life, grace, and beauty.
47:33To life, grace, and beauty.
47:34To life, grace, and beauty.
47:35To life, grace, and beauty.
47:36To life, grace, and beauty.
47:37To life, grace, and beauty.
47:38To life, grace, and beauty.
47:39To life, grace, and beauty.
47:40To life, grace, and beauty.
47:41To life, grace, and beauty.
47:42To life, grace, and beauty.
47:43To life, grace, and beauty.
47:44To life, grace, and beauty.
47:45To life, grace, and beauty.
47:46To life, grace, and beauty.
47:47To life, grace, and beauty.
47:48To life, grace, and beauty.
47:49To life, grace, and beauty.
47:50To life, grace, and beauty.
47:51To life, grace, and beauty.
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