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00:00if anyone of you missed yesterday's session please do watch it's a must watch the recording
00:07is available on the platform so watch it and learn it and don't just learn it
00:12make notes make notes and do the revision because when you are revising for the exam
00:20you don't want to continue watching the videos for your revision revision it's a time-taking
00:25process to watch the videos so make notes and you uh how i used to do it make all the notes in
00:33microsoft word take printouts and stick it around especially concepts related to grammar the
00:39templates the important modules of course so all these things you all are grown up so i don't need
00:48to tell you how to study the best way that suits you but do try to spend optimal amount of time
00:58apart from the classes that you are joining you still need a couple of hours to do self-prepation
01:04to improve things so let's resume where we left yesterday
01:09somebody just give me
01:18okay so we talked about very important concepts yesterday first of all how to build your vocabulary
01:31faster ways to build your vocabulary and then also essential reading habits that you need to inculcate
01:38okay we also learned about active voices and passive voices and then we also learned about subject verb
01:45object inactive voices as well as passive voices so but uh our focus you know for today is will be on
01:54the verbs because the verbs are very important and confusing things for people because verbs change
02:00the other words you know like nouns they will only only become singular or plural but the verbs will change
02:07verbs will change and it changes for a couple of reasons two reasons so by now you already know
02:14yesterday we discussed about how to find different type of words that is also a very important thing
02:20to build in yourself whenever you are doing some reading try to identify the words you know the verbs
02:26the adjectives nouns very important okay i will also share you uh when we do the spellings okay in this
02:35week we are also doing some spelling tricks but there you will also learn about a lot of patterns
02:41the words ending with shun are always noun words ending with ly always adverbs so there is a big list
02:47okay that will help you one step further i'll just show you a glimpse of what kind of verbs nouns adjectives
02:55adverb pattern but of course this is not a exclusive pattern so it does not cover everything because in
03:02english language there are other ways to express words so let's talk about verbs verbs are something
03:09that shows an action you already know by now eat drink sleep sing dance everything is an action
03:16everything is verb now it can also sometimes be used to show occurrence or development or state of
03:22being so this particular action you already know state and state of being and occurrence so state of
03:30being when you are talking about someone how is he feeling how is he doing so he is happy he is
03:38alone so in this case he is and are they are sad he's and are are used as verbs and these verbs you can
03:47change it into past tense as well as future tense so he will be happy in the future tense or he was happy
03:55we are changing the verb here and verbs change because of two things i'll discuss that shortly but i'll tell you
04:02now it changes first of all to show the time whether it's past present or future and then second thing
04:08it agrees it has to agree with the verb sorry not with the verb with the subject which is what we call
04:15a subject verb agreement so changes with which type of person we are using i'll show you that now the second
04:24the third way to use a verb is to show ownership i have a car he has a laptop she has a pet so over
04:33there has and have are used as verbs okay instead of that you can sometimes you also say i had my lunch
04:43in the past tense had my lunch basically you are substituting eat with had but meaning is the same
04:49so in those cases has have is used for uh singular with singular we use has with plural we use have
04:58so i will put it on the screen and you take a screenshot from here so
05:06singular singular and plural so with singular use is and has and with plural we use are and have
05:21okay and in the past tense uh this will become is will become was are will become where
05:35has has and have both will become add okay make sure you take a screenshot or put it in your notes
05:45whenever you are doing it so that you remember this concept because we need this concept to apply
05:51whenever we are doing writing or even in the reading questions okay now you know let's do a simple quiz
05:58to see if you do understand maybe we have done this before when we were talking about
06:05the you know subject verb object part i think we did this in the class uh in the previous session right
06:13anyone
06:16brush my memory
06:19yes sir yes or no we have done it in the class right everyone yeah none of you missed it okay
06:27so now you know when you have a singular verb
06:32then singular subject or plural subject then it will be a singular verb
06:37singular subject will have plural verb plural subject will have singular verb so that is what
06:44is the reason is the reason for verbs to change when we use it with a person to match with who
06:49now i you he they she it they are all pronouns okay i and you are treated as plural i'll show you the table
07:00shortly i you we they are treated as plural words whenever you speak so always with plural the singular
07:10subject will come so if you say this is a table of subject and verb
07:15if it is a plural subject then the verb will be singular
07:20if it is a singular subject then verb will be plural always
07:25this is a grammar rule okay if you are not using it in this way then the sentence will be wrong
07:30you will never say she eat her food she eats her food okay and then the second reason why verb changes
07:39is to show the time past present or future he ate or he gave he gives and then in the future
07:47you say he will give so will is added with the present tense but you see when you use the future tense
07:55he will gives you don't say like that he will give so with everywhere in the future tense this rule
08:03will not apply only in the basic form in the simple present form you have to apply this singular and
08:10plural subject rule what we discussed here singular subject plural verb plural subject singular verb only
08:18applies to present tense okay present tense simple present or basic verbs form in the future tense it will
08:26we always will we always will and singular verb will give in the past tense of course
08:32everything has the same thing
08:35gave ate he ate i ate you ate they ate everything is the same he will eat she will eat they will eat you will eat
08:44i will eat everywhere remains the same the basic verbs is what i was talking about is called a simple present tense okay
08:52you don't need to remember uh the words that i use basic verbs or uh uh perfect words but you just
08:59remember the concept okay so the concept wise what it is is basic verbs is as two forms in the simple present
09:09as we just discussed just now singular or plural now with singular subjects plural verbs come with plural subject
09:19singular verb verbs okay and it can be used in three ways all the verbs you can use it in three ways in
09:25positive negative or question manner i play cricket i do not play cricket in the question form it will
09:32become do you play cricket or football or whatever now i'll show you the table
09:38okay this is also an important table to remember make sure you draw it out somewhere in the notepad or
09:45what word word and then you remember this now all these words over here i v u they are he she it they
09:55are all pronouns okay these are singular words these are plural words now when you see the questions in
10:03the exam or see the sentences in the exam so you will see like the university or the colleges okay
10:10so this table can still apply because those are nouns right and nouns can be replaced with pronouns
10:16so whatever pronoun you replace with will come under any of these brackets so if i say the university
10:24it's a singular noun right so i can replace it with it the university is good it has a lot of features
10:33like that like that but if i use a plural noun the colleges there are plenty of colleges okay and then
10:40we say there are many students in them or they offer a lot of courses they so i'm substituting the
10:48colleges which is plural with they so that's why either it will come in this bracket or in this bracket
10:56same thing if i said tom plays football i can substitute tom with he if i can if i say gita plays soccer
11:03then i will substitute it with c so any of these bracket it will fall and you can apply the rule
11:10so as you can say with c with i v u and they the verb always remains singular they are treated
11:18as singular in every form positive negative or question form but for he she it
11:26the verb is plural he jumps she eats her food he flies tomorrow like that okay but there is an
11:35exception here if you use does in a sentence so does you can remember it in this way that does
11:43already has an s sound a plural sound in it so when i already use a plural sound i should not be using
11:50another plural sound in the same sentence okay especially when it has to agree with the subject
11:56so she does not jump again goes back to the same singular form because there is already a does take a
12:04note of it many people make mistakes here does he eat his food on time does he eats is wrong she does not
12:12plays is wrong she does not play does he eat his food singular but if i say it in the positive manner
12:22like he plays cricket she eats her food so i use plural verb okay the same table has continued here with
12:32we you there you see i v u they no exceptions everywhere singular singular singular verb singular verb no
12:41exceptions only exception is with he she it singular nouns only where there it will have this exception
12:49whenever does comes let's see the usage when do we use simple present tense when we talk about regular
12:56activity any common activity any common activity or a particular time or general statements these are
13:01the three scenarios when we use simple present tense and in the exam when you are going you will see that
13:07the templates that i will give you especially for essay which is a complex piece of writing i will
13:13encourage everyone you and every one of you to follow simple present tense or continuous okay you can
13:20maximum go to simple past or past continuous okay using these four tense forms we can write the whole
13:28essay we can get the best marks okay because one sentence can be written in hundreds of ways and if
13:34you stick to the grammar that you are confident with you will not make more mistakes that is the idea
13:41here learn the basic concepts use it in the exam no one in the pearson or pt exam is asking you to
13:48use complex type of grammar okay that is not a requirement the requirement is that whatever
13:54grammar you use you should not be making any mistakes very important okay so i don't need to
14:00exhibit that i know past perfect tenses or present perfect tenses i'm very confident in using them so
14:07the meaning or the sentence structure could change because you are using some complex form of grammar
14:13the requirement is in essays is to show you can write complex sentences as well so some of the sentences
14:21in the essay will be complex the templates will help you with that but remember as a basic rule when we
14:26talk about regular or general activities common activities maybe you do something daily i eat my breakfast
14:34every day that is something you are doing every day so that's why you are using it simple present tense form
14:42not ing i'm eating my breakfast every day is wrong continuous we'll discuss next is used for
14:48different things or general statements it rains in summer it snows in winter it get it gets really hot
14:57in the summer those kind of general statements or if you do particular if you are talking about particular
15:03time the shop opens every day at 9 am the bank opens every day at 10 am or
15:14i arrive every day from the office at 6 pm so these are regular activities but you are talking about a
15:22specific time or a day or even the time of the day you know period of the day morning afternoon evening
15:30you still use simple present tense because if it is a regular thing okay let's see a quiz now whenever
15:38you are solving any this whole grammar lesson has been done in the fill in the blanks format okay because
15:45this is where we need to focus on usage of verbs that is what we are focusing on so first things first
15:52whenever you see a fill in the blanks identify the subject and make the verb agree with the subject
15:59that is going to help you so there could be longer sentences that we saw yesterday in the previous session
16:06that how sentences could be longer you need to identify the main subject that is actually
16:14related to the topic
16:17so first sentence okay this thing this exercise we'll do together the next one i will ask you to
16:24put it on the chat what is the subject here this is a simple sentence right which one is the subject
16:30is a disease that can be lethal so subject is influenza we need a verb here this is the object that can be
16:51lethal lethal is an adjective which is just adding more information on the noun okay that can be lethal
17:00or lethal disease so which type of verb do we need to put now if you see this and remember this you see
17:08with singular we use is so the options here are is and are so you have to use is influenza is a disease not
17:18are a disease okay next one what is the subject in the second sentence
17:23symptoms symptoms
17:32anyone else wants to try
17:34yeah symptoms include
17:40symptoms
17:43terms safe what about you
17:49say
17:49yes sir
17:50you guys also should try
17:51symptoms
17:53okay all of you agree that symptoms is the main subject here not influenza symptoms of
18:02influenza we are talking about something symptoms of influenza and then include or includes fever and
18:09cough if you see does influenza include fever and cough or the symptoms includes fever and cough
18:15he's talking about the symptoms here not the influenza itself so the subject here is plural so we will pick
18:23up a singular verb subject and verb now agrees with each other okay plural subject singular verb
18:32verb singular subject plural verb this table over here plural subject singular verb singular subject plural verb
18:40very important rule very important concept in the grammar
18:44next one researchers have shown that vitamins dash cough what is the main subject here
18:51researchers
18:51see subject subject is something that is vitamins doing the action and if if i if you remember from
19:03previous session i told you if i just read subject verb and object without reading any other words
19:09it should still make sense now you guys are saying researchers is the subject and verb is either this or this
19:18and this is the object so if i say researchers
19:22repel cough is it making sense
19:26it is not making sense the researchers why will they repel cough repel means oppose
19:30repel cough so it is not making sense if i am just using three words
19:35subject verb and object so that means my subject is wrong because it is not making sense here
19:41i have to choose proper subject if i say
19:45vitamins
19:45vitamins repel cough then it is making sense right logically that if i take more vitamins then it will repel cough
19:53so the subject over here is vitamins not researcher same thing with symptoms
19:59again plural subject so we will choose repel instead of repel next one is easy doctor who
20:06is the subject right it is a singular subject so which kind of verb are you going to choose
20:17plural hopes
20:19plural so doctor who can be replaced with he
20:23let's say if it is he or she it can be replaced with he or she and then with if you look at the table
20:30and you will see with she you use plural verb so that's what you need to pick
20:38hopes eliminating influenza now over here now again the question is related to is or are
20:46now just see whichever is the subject is it singular or plural and then choose according to this table
20:53is not is not is not because it is singular in eliminating influenza so again with singular
21:06we use ease okay only exception with ease and has so you have to remember this table as well
21:13is or has or are and have
21:15last one do or does your body have enough vitamins to boost your immunity does your body
21:29okay i got one answer as does which one will it be
21:33do your body do your body or does your body
21:51does your body does your body is the correct answer whoever said do i think so if it was you
22:00do do is not correct in this case does your body we're talking about one single subject in this
22:07case it is in the question form so you still need to find where the subject is the subject is
22:13body this one body so does have okay next quiz you can submit it on the chat so i can have a look how
22:24how you are doing it on your own again recognize the main subject in the sentence and then attempt the
22:32the questions accordingly
22:57okay a lot of you have already been uh writing previous
23:00answers answers which i was not monitoring okay
23:10what is the first answer or you can collectively give me all the answers together
23:15two three four five questions not very difficult
23:30two four five questions don't take too much time we have
23:42two five questions don't take too much time we have a lot to cover today
23:56three two six questions don't take too much time we have a lot to cover today
24:12three five questions
24:15two two
24:17okay while you are busy typing the answers we will start discussing how do does or done done
24:41absolutely doesn't make sense it's in past verb 3 form so we're talking about how do or how does
24:49science work correct answer is does because it is in the question form when you reply to this
24:56question you can get a hint from there science works in this manner science is the subject here
25:02and works is plural because it is a singular subject but in the question form it is in the
25:08singular form so that's why you have to use does to make it plural that's why does is the correct
25:16answer here how does science work or some people just ask how science works that case you're not
25:23using does so you have to pluralize the verb there okay the next one should be easy medicines what
25:31medicines is the subject plural subject so you use singular word train our blood to fight diseases
25:37next one what is the main subject when we fall ill our white blood cells dash weapons that attack the
25:45illness white blood cells yes this is the main subject and it is plural so straight away you will
25:52choose a singular verb white blood cells create something that attack the illness next one our bodies
26:00sometimes sometimes it's not a noun sometimes our bodies this is the subject here which one will you
26:08choose do not have does not have or do not has do not have
26:15two things you need to use the first of all body is already plural so you can't use anything that has does
26:31otherwise you know so it has to be singular verb that you need to use so either this or this you can use
26:43another rule from this one is when you have plural subject then you have to use have instead of has so that is why this one is fulfilling both the criteria so do not have is the correct answer
26:57so you see how you are able to apply the rules when you are doing the questions just need to remember it practice it
27:03dna help our body to dash strategy to fight the illness to remember
27:11to remember the strategy to fight the illness okay so i think now i can see a couple of people have responded
27:22yeah i think most of you have caught it correct yep i think all of you so good job now you are getting
27:36a hang of what scenarios you need to apply the rules okay we have already discussed this part simple present
27:43now we'll talk about present continuous where do we use the continuous verbs to indicate an action
27:49or condition that is happening right now or happening very frequently or may continue to
27:55happen in the future so for example if i say it is raining so i mean it is raining right now and may
28:01continue for some time in the future as well okay right or if i say i am living in the evening
28:09we use sentences like that so that is going to happen very soon or sometimes it may also be talking about
28:17long period of time like you are preparing for the exam so it's not just for one hour
28:22one week it could be one month or two months it's a long period of time in those scenarios also
28:29but because you are doing it continuously okay non-stop that's why you are using a continuous
28:35to talk about it something that is happening right now okay you are preparing for a longer duration
28:43still is a continuous activity now very easy to use only put ing in all the verbs okay and the only
28:51thing that changes is this part am is an are already know the rule now with i am goes with he she it is
29:00goes and we you they are goes okay these are the examples that we discussed and let me show you the
29:08table and as you can see in the positive negative and in the question form the verb remains the same
29:14jumping jumping jumping jumping jumping but there is no do or does here in the question form you use
29:22the same thing am i jumping they are not jumping are you jumping she is not jumping is she jumping
29:30so you just use the same thing so you just use the same thing it's pretty easy to use and very commonly
29:37used so now we'll see the example we'll just do it together there one doubt like what in case if you want to
29:45yeah what what what what scenario this is the third person right he she even they are the third person
29:58oh okay but it depends uh third person can be singular or plural as well plural okay
30:04yeah yeah first person is i then third person can be anyone second person is you third person is
30:14anyone else okay this one is very simple we use does she does she jump is a simple present basic verb
30:24form we are talking about ing now continuous form continuous okay okay so no does in this
30:30continuous continuous continuous we never say like she does not jumping
30:36he is not jumping so that's why i say follow the advice that i've shown you on the screen don't deviate
30:42from there okay yeah follow it so john is singular and as you can see all the verbs are already in ing form
30:53so we just need to decide on the basis of subject we just need to decide whether it's going to be
30:59he is or are or am am only goes with i so you know she it will be is they will be are simple quiz right
31:11everyone of you will get it right the next one is simple past now verb has three forms verb one verb two verb
31:20three which is called as simple present simple past and past participle easy to remember is verb one verb
31:27two verb two verb three verb one is used for present tense what we did just now verb two is simple past
31:35three forms right go went gone so go is simple present went is simple past and gone is past participle
31:42so right now we are talking about verb two here simple past
31:49this is used when we talk about something that has already happened in the past
31:53okay okay now with everything the same rule now you see all of them are in the same box
32:02everywhere you just apply the second form of the verb verb two
32:07he enjoyed we enjoyed we saw you saw i saw they saw he saw saw everywhere it remains the same
32:16the only exception is when you are using did in the verb sentence so did again you have to remember it
32:24did already sounds like a past tense like worked enjoyed it also has a past tense in it so when you
32:31already use one past tense similar to does and you don't use another past tense in the same sentence so
32:37you see the verb changes back to simple form which is verb one they didn't enjoy the movie never say you
32:46they didn't enjoyed the movie same thing in the question form did you enjoy the movie did you see the movie or did
32:54you go to the park did you go to the cinema all these things will help you the only thing that is changing
33:01here will be is will become r is will become was sorry and r will become where okay so this table again is going to help you
33:16okay just remember this table present to past is becomes was are become where has have become had
33:32we haven't reached has or have yet we will reach there shortly so the next one is past continuous
33:39when we talk about something that happened in the past but for some duration of time okay like it was
33:45raining yesterday so i used was to show that it is past and then i put yesterday to show that
33:52yesterday it was raining for some duration right or we were playing we were playing in the morning so
33:59you're talking about the past then you're saying we were playing so r becomes where and same thing will apply
34:09in the negative or question form same thing ing ing ing they are eating
34:15were they eating or they were sorry this one is negative so they were not
34:22again where or was will remain and only not will be added no don't no does nothing in the continuous
34:30it's very simple same thing in the present continuous as well if you remember only this part is changing
34:37the other part is not changing so this is called as continuous is called as a continuous verb of course
34:44and the basic you already know so you know when we are talking about some usual activities you use simple
34:51present tense or the basic form when we talk about something continuous then you use continuous form
34:58okay like i'm preparing for the exam pt exam so like see the examples here i drive to work is a regular
35:05activity but i am driving to work that means you are driving right now similarly there are other examples
35:12you can just have a read and then we'll do a small quiz before we move to the perfect tenses
35:30okay so now let's apply the rules i will monitor the chat you have to see if it is a usual activity
35:37regular activity and you have to use simple present tense form if it is talking about something
35:43happening at this point of time then you have to use continuous tense
35:50even just giving you a clue even sometimes is also a regular activity because you do it sometimes
35:57but on a regular basis right so let's see if you are able to apply the correct techniques in this
36:07simple form versus continuous form
36:37you
37:07Hey Jagan, I have given one answer, correct, Gaurav, good, Raksha also all good, anyone
37:33else wants to try before we discuss it, so this is the optimal amount of time you should
37:39be taking to solve the questions, if you are slow right now and when you keep practicing
37:45then you will improve the speed and the main thing to improve is do more reading, do more
37:51writing, following the rules, so all of you just make it a habit to write a small paragraph
37:5950-60 words, try to apply the rules, these rules that we are learning right now, so right
38:07now is happening, something happening right now, so you will use continuous form and with
38:13you are is used, so you are watching, sometimes is a usual activity, happening sometimes, I
38:21play all day, he always, again regular activity, he is singular, so I use a plural verb, over
38:28here I was singular, so I used a, I was plural, sorry, I is, I, you is also considered plural,
38:36that's why you use singular verb, you are wanting or you want to go to a want, generally you
38:48do good in your exams or are doing, generally, general statements, you do good, it's a usual
38:53activity, presently, thing about right now, you are preparing for an exam, but that's why
39:00these words you have to use in proper way, okay, I did not see any more responses, so, oh
39:09yeah, it's taking some time to get the responses, okay, all of you have responded, sorry about
39:15that, Jazz, Saif, Makesh, Tony, Makesh, Tony, Anand, Jagan, Anju, Ajmeer, are watching, play,
39:29reads, want, do, are preparing, so some of you have got confusion or doing with, are doing,
39:39why are doing you are selecting, generally you do, it's a general activity, say, so why do we need
39:44to use a continuous thing, you are doing good in the exams, that means you are doing something
39:50right now, but begins with generally, that's your clue, and there will be grammar clues to
39:56you, given to you in the exam, you have to identify those clues, okay, next we move on
40:04to present perfect tenses, now, I don't encourage people to use this in writing, present perfect,
40:09past perfect, all those three, over here, the verb three form is used, okay, I think the
40:17verb three is here, okay, so verb three has to be used with, has, have, is present perfect,
40:27had, is past perfect, had gone, has gone, has gone, have gone, so verb three, go, went,
40:36gone, third form will be used, so you see the table now, I have driven, he has, so with
40:45I, you, we, they, have is used, and with he, she, it, has is used, okay, because we are still talking
40:52about simple present perfect, what is present perfect, something that occurred at an indefinite
40:57point of time, so I don't remember when it happened, so I have driven this car before, so you can use
41:05it in that scenario, because you have done it in the past, but you don't remember, or you want to
41:10talk about something that relates the past to the present, so that began in the past, but it is still
41:17continuing to the present tense, like I have ordered the pizza, so I have ordered it one hour back, but
41:23I am still waiting for it, or I am still eating it, I have ordered the pizza, I have not received it,
41:29so that's what you use, has and have, and then verb three, which is past participle, this is the
41:35diagram that shows you how it connects to the present, or at an indefinite point in the time,
41:41time in the past, so quiz wise, you have to use singular, again, using this table, with singular,
41:49you use has, with plural, you use have, and verb three will always remain in the verb three form.
42:00A study, you can do this together itself, a study, is it singular or plural?
42:06Singular.
42:07Singular.
42:08Singular subject, so we have to use has.
42:11Has.
42:11And verb three is easy to choose, shown, so with has and have, this is also a grammar rule,
42:17that with has and have, always verb three will come, even had, has, have, had, always verb
42:25three will come.
42:26Okay, now I am teaching you as a grammar lesson, but there can be some rules that you can extract
42:32from it.
42:33The same thing I have shared in the YouTube sometime back, I can 15 grammar shortcuts, you
42:38will see that I am using is, am, are, can, could, all those things in which scenarios can
42:45be used, all are explained, and subject-verb agreement is also part of that.
42:50Those are all grammar rules that you need to understand and start using.
42:55Playing football has, has is already given, with has you, use been, has or have been, been,
43:04and then verb three.
43:07Okay, next one, these theories, now is it singular or plural?
43:11Plural, plural, plural, plural, plural subject, so you have to use have and justified.
43:18Okay, when you use been, has been, so either verb three will come or ing can also come.
43:27I have been doing my homework.
43:30In those scenarios, you have to be using ing.
43:35But over here, something has been proven to have fruitful effects.
43:41So it's like saying something has already happened and it has proved or proven to show
43:48something else.
43:49Same thing with here, many strategies is plural, so you have to use have, no, then verb.
43:58Okay, Mukesh, Ajmeer, you are also following me.
44:05All right, so next thing that we'll talk about is, now we have to try to avoid this in writing,
44:13but you have to see this when you are doing the reading.
44:17If you are confident in using this sentence, this type of sentence in your writing, you can
44:22do it.
44:23But if you are not, then you should not be doing it.
44:27Okay, we can still write the whole essay in just using the four forms that we did.
44:31Okay, simple past, simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous.
44:38Okay, you can write the whole essay using that.
44:41So this is where the completed verbs are called as perfect tenses.
44:45So something that happened in the past.
44:53Okay, the verb, past verbs are actions that started and stopped in the past.
44:58Something already happened.
44:59Those scenarios you use simple past, but if it connects to the present, then you use present
45:06perfect tense.
45:07Okay, another quiz.
45:12Yesterday, something that happened in the past.
45:17Played.
45:18So which one will you use?
45:20Have played or played?
45:22Played.
45:26Played.
45:26Everyone agrees?
45:28Played.
45:29Because something that happened in the past.
45:31Finished.
45:31Okay, have played, if you say, then that means that you have been playing till now.
45:38Okay.
45:38How is it connecting to the present?
45:40It's not, right?
45:41So that's why you use simple past.
45:44Just trying to discuss this rule with the quiz.
45:49Next, he said or he has said to me that he, these are the options.
45:56Was or has been.
45:58Okay.
46:01He said, he said to me that he used.
46:07He never used he has said.
46:09Something when we talk about to provide evidence or proof, yeah, he has said that.
46:18Only in those scenarios, we use has.
46:21Normally, said.
46:22And when we talk about visiting places, where you use has been or have been.
46:28So, he has been to India.
46:31Same thing with this one.
46:34Actually, he has been to many countries.
46:39Right?
46:41What about the fourth one?
46:44Did you go to China or have you been to China?
46:48Have you been to China?
46:50Have you been to China?
46:51Yeah.
46:52Have you been to this city?
46:53Have you been to this restaurant?
46:54Have you been to this garden?
46:57So, everywhere you use have you been or has he been.
47:01So, with singular, he, she, it, you use has been and then I, you, we, they, you use have been.
47:11Then the next question is related to the fourth one.
47:14Was it good or has it been good?
47:17Was it good?
47:19Yeah.
47:19All of you agree.
47:22Was it good?
47:23Because now I am asking about something.
47:25You have already been to China.
47:27How was it?
47:28Was it good?
47:30That's my question.
47:31Because something that has happened in the past.
47:34You already went to China.
47:35Now you are back.
47:36Now I am asking you.
47:37Was it good?
47:38Has it been good?
47:39That means you are still in China.
47:41Those scenarios I can use it.
47:44Maybe you called a friend from China and then he is, he is asking you.
47:48Has it been good so far?
47:50Those scenarios, has it been good can make sense.
47:53Then this one you have to, that's, that's how the clues will be given to you in the exam.
47:59The sentences.
48:00The next one I was talking about that with has been or have been, you can use ing which
48:06is called as present perfect continuous.
48:08So, this is the diagram for present continuous.
48:12Something happening right now or for longer duration of time.
48:16Present perfect continuous have been doing, again connecting the past to the present.
48:22But you emphasize the duration there.
48:24I have been preparing for my exam since the last two months.
48:28Duration, amount of time.
48:31Have you been driving all day?
48:34Those scenarios you use present perfect continuous forms.
48:38Okay, I won't take another quiz for this.
48:43Now, the third, now the remaining, you just need to understand for your reading questions.
48:48Okay, you are not expected to use it in writing and I would not encourage to use it.
48:54So, this one is past participle.
48:56Again, has and have will always be with verb 3.
49:00That's a rule.
49:02Grammar rule.
49:03Same thing applies here.
49:04Okay, you see, when we use past perfect to show something that happened in the past, but before something else happened.
49:16Never connects to the present tense.
49:20One event happened before the other event.
49:22So, in those scenarios, you will have to use this.
49:32So, I had gone to the movie, but before that, I went to the park.
49:41See the difference?
49:42In one scenario, I am just using simple past and the other scenario, I used past perfect to show that I went to the cinema before I went to the park.
49:53I had gone to the cinema before I went to the park.
50:01So, that's the distinction.
50:04To show something happened before something else, then you use past perfect.
50:09Okay, let's not discuss this one.
50:12It will confuse you, but has been and have been, you already know.
50:16Same thing, had been and then ing.
50:19This is also a grammar pattern.
50:20Had been doing something or had been done something.
50:24So, verb 3 or ing.
50:27It has been, had been or have been.
50:29Verb 3 or ing.
50:31Another grammar shortcut or grammar rule that you can see.
50:36Okay.
50:37And then comes the future tense.
50:39We will just look at the table and understand.
50:42Anywhere you use will, as I already told you, the verb will go back to the simple present tense form.
50:48I will go or I will be going.
50:52You will be going in the future.
50:55Okay, don't worry about these things.
50:57These are, you know, like will have gone or I would have gone.
51:01I will have been going.
51:03These are very complex and confusing to use.
51:06And we don't see much of these used in the example.
51:10But again, if have is there, then verb 3 will come.
51:15If again have been is there, verb 3 or ing will be there.
51:19So, these are the grammar rules you can still apply with the same knowledge.
51:23So, with that, we cover the grammar part.
51:28Let's just talk about one more thing before we can conclude.
51:32Appraisal verbs are called as new verbs.
51:34When you combine two of the words together, they collocate together and then they also start meaning something else.
51:42You will see words like this in the exam.
51:46Okay, shed light.
51:47Shed light does not mean to put light on something, but to show something, to clarify.
51:54Shed light.
51:55Please shed light on this subject.
51:57Please explain this subject.
51:58That's what it means.
52:00Look out.
52:01Means beware.
52:03Look up means search.
52:05Not looking up.
52:06So, there are other words that are also used like kick off.
52:11Kick in.
52:13Okay.
52:13All means started something.
52:15Kick off means started.
52:17Look up the number.
52:19So, that means search the number.
52:21Look out.
52:21Means beware.
52:23Take off.
52:24Means leave.
52:25Not like a flight.
52:27Take up.
52:28Means learn.
52:29So, these are also collocating words always used together.
52:33Otherwise, it will not make sense.
52:35And if you want to change the tenses, you just change the verb part.
52:39I looked up.
52:40Not I look up.
52:42Up is just a preposition.
52:44It's not a verb.
52:45So, you only change the verb part to show past tense or present tense.
52:50These are called as phrasal verbs or new verbs when two words are combined together to mean something else.
52:57Okay.
52:58All right.
53:00I think we have covered all the grammar portions that I wanted to cover.
53:07And.
53:10Okay.
53:11So, from tomorrow, we will be doing the strategies for the writing part.
53:16And end of the week, we will also be doing a spelling session just to give you some extra tips related to how you can improve your spelling.
53:24Because spelling is also part of your writing.
53:27If you keep making spelling mistakes, then it's not going to work out positively for you in the exam.
53:32Okay.
53:34So, we will have the spelling session as well.
53:36Now, I just wanted to take a quick role check here.
53:40You can let me know on the WhatsApp how many of you are in from the PT core.
53:46I know two of you already, but I am confused about Ajmeer.
53:51So, maybe you are also PT core.
53:54Just let me know on WhatsApp.
53:55Because for PT core students, essays do not come.
54:00Instead of essays, there is a different question.
54:03Email.
54:04Also, for summarized written text comes in the PT core exam as well.
54:13But there is different criteria there.
54:15So, we will discuss that when we are doing the modules.
54:18But whenever I am discussing the essay, I will let you know that particular day, the PT core students, they don't need to attend.
54:26Because it never comes in the exam for them.
54:27So, same way for PT academic, you don't need to attend the email part when we discuss it with them.
54:36I will let you know.
54:38Okay.
54:39Thanks for attending today.
54:41And recording will be available soon.
54:44Make sure you revise and make notes.
54:48Have a nice day.
54:54Thank you, sir.
54:55Thank you, sir.
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