How Horse DNA Transformed Human History.

Name: How Horse DNA Transformed Human History.
Uploaded: 2025-09-03T21:09:29+00:00
Duration: 2 min 56 s
Channel: Money Explainers
Description: The genetic code that allowed us to gallop through history. Our ancestors were the first genetic engineers, and their creations changed the world! Discover how two mutations in a horse unleashed a revolution in transportation, trade, and warfare.<br />#HorseDNA<br />#AncestralBiotechnology<br />#HumanHistory

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The genetic code that allowed us to gallop through history. Our ancestors were the first genetic engineers, and their creations changed the world! Discover how two mutations in a horse unleashed a revolution in transportation, trade, and warfare.
#HorseDNA
#AncestralBiotechnology
#HumanHistory

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00:00How Horse DNA Transformed Human History

00:03Have you ever wondered what it actually took for humans to ride a horse for the first time?

00:08It turns out it wasn't just a story of courage and training, but a story written in the horse's DNA.

00:15Recent research reveals that our Bronze Age ancestors were, in essence, early biotechnologists.

00:21They intentionally selected for specific genetic traits that transformed wild animals into willing partners.

00:28This process seems to have happened in two crucial steps, focusing first on the mind and then on the body.

00:36The first major hurdle in domesticating horses was their behavior.

00:40Once horses were docile enough to handle, the focus shifted to their physical build.

00:46A bit later, between 4,700 and 4,200 years ago, a second gene came into play.

00:53Breeders began intensely selecting for a genetic variant located near a gene called GSDMC.

01:00This genetic location is fascinating because in humans, it's associated with chronic back conditions.

01:06While in horses, it's linked to their body proportions.

01:10To understand its effect, scientists ran experiments on mice and found that when the GSDMC gene was inactivated,

01:17the mice developed straighter spines and stronger forelimbs.

01:21Researchers believe a similar change in horses would have made them

01:25physically more capable of bearing the weight of a rider and moving effectively while being ridden.

01:31The impact of this second mutation was revolutionary.

01:36The variant near the GSDMC spread through the horse population at an incredible speed.

01:41In just a few hundred years, it went from being almost non-existent to present in nearly every horse.

01:48The advantage it conferred was so significant that,

01:51horses with this mutation produced an estimated 20% more offspring than those without it.

01:57As lead researcher Ludovic Orlando puts it,

02:00when you see something like that, you know you're onto something that was really a game-changer for horse biology.

02:07But this wasn't just a game-changer for horses.

02:09It was a pivotal moment for humanity.

02:13The creation of a rideable horse was one of the most significant technological advances of the Bronze Age.

02:19It completely transformed human societies by unlocking new levels of mobility,

02:24which in turn changed the face of transportation, trade, and even warfare.

02:29Although these two genes appear to be the main players,

02:33researchers acknowledge that other genes and crucial cultural innovations,

02:36like new ways of interacting with horses,

02:39also played a role that can't be seen in the genome.

02:43The next step for scientists is to analyze the DNA of horses from later steppe empires

02:48to understand how these societies continue to

02:51develop this incredible living technology.

02:54scientific means quantific

03:10and how they come from.

03:10The next step for scientists is to educate the technology to learn their powers.

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