Mars，Humanity'sSecond Home?─影片 Dailymotion

Name: Mars，Humanity'sSecond Home?
Uploaded: 2025-08-29T00:52:07+00:00
Duration: 11 min 36 s
Channel: Cosmic Canvas
Description: Why does METHANE SPIKE 400% at Martian dawn? China's Zhurong found MIRRORED LIFE MOLECULES in 3.5-billion-year-old clay! New ESA data reveals underground OCEANS could awaken ALIEN ECOLOGY... #mars #Solar System #Planet #Universe #Popular Science #Space Exploration #Milky Way Galaxy

Cosmic Canvas

Why does METHANE SPIKE 400% at Martian dawn? China's Zhurong found MIRRORED LIFE MOLECULES in 3.5-billion-year-old clay! New ESA data reveals underground OCEANS could awaken ALIEN ECOLOGY... #mars #Solar System #Planet #Universe #Popular Science #Space Exploration #Milky Way Galaxy

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00:00G'day everyone. This rust-coloured planet you're seeing could be humanity's second home in the future.

00:05This is Mars made. It sits 225 million kilometres from Earth on average.

00:10It's got land area equal to 1.5 Earth continents.

00:14Its volume is just 15% of Earth's size.

00:17But crikey, it towers with volcanoes three times higher than Mount Everest.

00:21It stretches canyons as long as Sydney to Perth. That's bloody massive.

00:25And it hides secrets that might completely rewrite the origin story of life.

00:30You might not know this yet.

00:32This frozen world at minus 63 degrees Celsius may have had oceans larger than the Mediterranean 3.8 billion years ago.

00:39Back in 2015, NASA's MAVEN probe released some pretty mind-blowing data.

00:44Current measurements show Mars loses 1.8 kilograms of atmosphere every second to solar wind.

00:50This has been happening for a billion years. Fair dinkum.

00:52If we collected all that lost gas, it could cover the entire planet with 20 metres of liquid water.

00:58Right now, three rovers are working flat out on Mars' surface.

01:02Perseverance's drill is extracting clay samples from a 3.5 billion year old lake bed.

01:07China's Jurong rover found permafrost structures in utopia planitia similar to what we see in Antarctica.

01:13Here's something absolutely fascinating.

01:15The European Space Agency's orbiter has detected this for seven straight years.

01:19Every northern hemisphere early summer, Mars' atmospheric methane jumps to four times background levels.

01:25These methane pulses always appear at Martian sunrise, then mysteriously vanish before noon.

01:30On Earth, 90% of methane comes from biological activity.

01:33But on this planet, where even bacteria struggle to survive, who's making these organic molecules?

01:38Are they traces of ancient life buried deep underground?

01:41Or geological wonders we don't understand yet?

01:44Let's get our bearings first, shall we?

01:45A Mars day is 39 minutes longer than Earth's.

01:48Your watch would still work there.

01:50How good is that?

01:51Its atmosphere is 96% carbon dioxide, but density is only 1% of Earth's.

01:56This means sound travels weirdly there.

01:59If you tried talking to someone, it'd sound like speaking underwater.

02:02All muffled and strange.

02:03But the most mind-blowing discovery comes from Mars' South Pole.

02:07In 2018, Italian scientists used radar echoes to find a 20-kilometer-wide liquid lake under 1.5 kilometers of ice.

02:14This water body has salinity levels approaching the Dead Sea.

02:18It reminds astrobiologists of Antarctica's Lake Vostok.

02:21In that lake, isolated for 30 million years, we found completely new microbial ecosystems.

02:27If we drilled life samples from Mars' ice layers tomorrow, how would humanity cope with this mind-bending discovery?

02:33If we proved Earth's life originated from Martian meteorites, would we all become descendants of interplanetary migrants?

02:38Right, for the next bit, get comfy.

02:41Maybe grab a cuppa.

02:42Let's see what absolutely incredible stuff Mars has in store.

02:46Here we go.

02:47To solve these mysteries, we need to go back to Mars' early days.

02:50Back then, its sky was brilliant blue.

02:53Liquid oceans covered the northern hemisphere.

02:55A magnetic field wrapped around the globe like a protective umbrella, until one catastrophic impact forever changed this planet's destiny.

03:03About 4.6 billion years ago, Mars and Earth were born together from the solar nebula's dust disk.

03:08Newborn Mars had the classic structure, iron-nickel core with silicate mantle.

03:13But low gravity made its interior cool 10 times faster than Earth.

03:17This planet's fate was sealed from birth, unfortunately.

03:19Latest meteorite analysis shows Mars' crust solidified 120 million years earlier than Earth's.

03:26This explains why Mars kept more complete early geological records.

03:30NASA's MAVEN probe revealed that 4.1 billion years ago, Mars' global magnetic field collapsed in just a million years.

03:37Solar wind particles started stripping away the atmosphere.

03:40Mars was losing atmosphere at 250 grams per second back then.

03:44That's like losing a standard swimming pool's worth of water every minute.

03:48Absolutely mental.

03:48Without its magnetic field, Mars was like an astronaut with their protective suit ripped off.

03:54Direct exposure to cosmic radiation.

03:56This directly caused surface liquid water to start evaporating and escaping.

04:00In 2024, the European Space Agency used quantum computer simulations to discover something massive.

04:06If Mars had kept its magnetic field until today, its atmospheric pressure would reach 0.9 bar.

04:13That's close to Earth's sea level.

04:14The northern hemisphere would have liquid oceans.

04:16This study completely flipped our understanding of Mars.

04:20Analysis shows Mars lost 99% of its original atmosphere 3.7 billion years ago.

04:26The leftover carbon dioxide forms seasonal polar caps.

04:29Winter freezes it into dry ice covering the poles.

04:32Summer sublimation triggers global dust storms.

04:34NASA's Curiosity found evidence that during this period, Mars' water became extremely acidic.

04:39That's like the acidic mine wastewater we see in some parts of Australia.

04:44This extreme environment forced any potential life to go underground or enter dormancy.

04:49By 2 billion years ago, Mars lost its last liquid water.

04:52Though surface water vanished long ago, recent exploration reveals Mars' life story might still be continuing.

04:58ESA's Mars Express radar mapping shows massive river channels in Mars' equatorial regions.

05:04These dried riverbeds show that late-period Martian rivers were less than 1 meter wide,

05:09flowing at just 0.03 meters per second.

05:12But 20 kilometers under the south polar ice, radar echoes caught Brine Lakes with 28% salinity.

05:18This ultra-high salt content keeps water liquid at minus 70 degrees Celsius,

05:23providing potential refugees for extreme microbes.

05:26In 2025, China's upgraded Zhurong rover drilled clay samples from 3.5 billion years ago.

05:32They detected co-existing left-handed amino acids and right-handed sugar molecules.

05:37This chirality selection is completely mirror-symmetric to Earth's life molecules.

05:41It suggests Mars might have evolved different life forms than Earth.

05:44Mars' rapid death actually became a blessing for scientists.

05:48Its surface preserved complete geological cross-sections from wet periods to dry periods.

05:53Perseverance is systematically collecting rock cores from different geological ages.

05:58These samples will build the solar system's most detailed planetary evolution timeline.

06:03When scientists used atomic probes to observe nanoscale magnetite in Martian meteorites,

06:07they found crystal structures identical to Earth's ancient bacteria.

06:11These similarities suggest Mars might have had the same fundamental conditions for life's origins.

06:16Scientists reckon Mars had, or even has, life based on two main things.

06:21First is methane gas in Mars' atmosphere.

06:24On Earth, this gas usually comes from organic biological emissions or swamp production,

06:28meaning it's produced by organic matter.

06:31Pretty interesting, eh?

06:32The European Space Agency's detector found that in spring 2023,

06:36Mars' methane concentration suddenly spiked to 100 times Earth's natural levels.

06:41These methane molecules had carbon atoms that were 5% lighter than regular methane.

06:46This perfectly matches characteristics of Earth's wetland microbes.

06:49But 24 hours later, these gases mysteriously vanished.

06:53The exact reason remains unclear.

06:55Scientists thought they'd found proof of life.

06:57But later experiments showed that soaking Martian rocks in high-pressure carbon dioxide water

07:02could also produce this light carbon methane.

07:06So this discovery can't definitively prove life exists.

07:09The second thing is Curiosity found weird sulfur patterns 3 kilometers under Mars' surface.

07:15On Earth, only sulfur-eating extreme microbes show this anomaly.

07:18But Mars' data is 8 times higher than Earth's records.

07:21German scientists actually cultivated sulfur-eating microbes in Mars,

07:25simulating conditions that survive minus 25 degrees Celsius.

07:29If Martian life uses perchlorate as antifreeze and sulfur as main food,

07:33they might not need water and oxygen at all.

07:36It's like suddenly being told cars don't need petrol.

07:38Vegemite works too.

07:40This completely changes everything we thought we knew.

07:42If true, would Martian life be like dormant spores,

07:45normally sleeping in salt crystals,

07:47then suddenly awakening when conditions are right?

07:49These questions really challenge our understanding.

07:52Does this mean the universe has a third state?

07:55Neither living nor dead?

07:56Like Siri on your phone.

07:58You say it's a dead program, but it communicates with you.

08:01You say it's alive, but it doesn't even have self-awareness.

08:04Even more incredible,

08:05organic molecules from Saturn's moon Enceladus

08:08show remarkable similarity to Mars samples.

08:11What's the connection?

08:12We honestly have no clue right now.

08:14Just as we're puzzling over these Mars life signals,

08:16NASA's latest reports have put terraforming on the realistic agenda.

08:20According to their data,

08:21deploying 300-kilometer diameter mirror arrays

08:24could theoretically warm Mars' poles by 35 degrees Celsius.

08:28But experiments confirmed these ultra-thin mirrors

08:30last less than three years under micrometeorite impacts.

08:34Facing this challenge,

08:35MIT proposed an alternative approach,

08:37inject perfluoropropane into Mars' atmosphere.

08:40This artificially synthesized super-greenhouse gas

08:43has 10,240 times the heat-trapping ability of carbon dioxide.

08:48But simulations show this might trigger

08:49300% more frequent global dust storms.

08:52It's like installing an uncontrollable heater in Mars' atmosphere.

08:56German scientists have modified blue-green algae

08:58that can now break down basalt in simulated Mars environments.

09:02But these microbes release chloromethane gas,

09:04triggering limits in the planetary protection protocol.

09:07This reminds us of Earth's synthetic biology controversies.

09:11When we look at human adaptation data,

09:13medical studies revealed that long-term exposure

09:15to 38% Earth gravity causes vision problems in 87% of astronauts.

09:20Three years of cosmic radiation exposure equals 8,000 full-body CT scans.

09:26Maintaining cardiovascular function requires

09:28at least 2.5 hours daily specialized training.

09:31The biggest challenge comes from nuclear ice-melting proposals.

09:34Models show this scheme might release 300 times lethal amounts

09:37of chloromethane from Mars' crust.

09:40This reminds us of Earth's ozone hole crisis.

09:43Meanwhile, China's missions propose underground lava tube habitats,

09:46attempting to avoid these risks entirely.

09:49Fortunately, radiation levels in Mars' underground lava tubes

09:52are actually lower than International Space Station standards.

09:55This brings us back to the core question.

09:57When we find those intermediate substances on Mars,

10:00neither biological nor purely chemical,

10:02does this hint the universe has some universal pre-life state?

10:06Perhaps life's birth conditions are much more basic and universal than we imagined.

10:11But NASA's latest data reveals a sobering comparison.

10:14Maintaining life support systems for one person on Mars

10:17consumes energy equivalent to protecting 542 hectares of Amazon rainforest.

10:22Rebuilding Earth-level atmosphere on Mars

10:24needs 100,000 years of continuous planetary engineering.

10:27That's 20 times longer than humanity's entire civilization history.

10:32When we gaze at Mars' orange sky,

10:34we should remember that Earth has ecological networks built by 130 million species,

10:38plus natural systems from 3 trillion trees.

10:41These systems, built through 3.5 billion years of evolution,

10:45along with lunar gravity that stabilizes Earth's rotation,

10:48together maintain life's foundation.

10:50Current human engineering capabilities can't replicate even a tiny fraction of this complexity.

10:55As one Mars exploration designer said,

10:58We can simulate Mars environments, but we can't recreate Earth's breathing rhythm.

11:02Right now, feel the air you're breathing.

11:04Behind that, 21% oxygen lies 2.7 billion years of continuous bacterial transformation,

11:11stable climate benefits from tidal patterns shaped by lunar gravity.

11:14These seemingly ordinary things are actually the solar system's most precious inheritance.

11:19So please, mates, let's protect our Earth.

11:22If we mess up Earth, it might never recover.

11:24This is Cosmic Canvas.

11:25I'm Starweaver.

11:26If you're into cosmic exploration and unsolved mysteries like I am,

11:30then smash that like button and subscribe.

11:33See you next time.

11:34Love you all.

11:34Cheers.

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