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00:00The Apocalypse
00:04When an entire people are destroyed
00:10Or destroy themselves
00:13The end of civilization
00:16For us today, as we go about our daily lives
00:21It's barely something we consider
00:23We're so sure it couldn't happen to us
00:27But for some civilizations
00:30It already has
00:34Since the dawn of human history
00:49We have told each other stories
00:51About the sea
00:52About its power over life
00:56And death
00:58In the Torah
01:01The Koran
01:02And the Bible
01:04Is the story of the Great Flood
01:07When Noah built an ark
01:11As the sea flooded the land
01:13Killing everything in its path
01:16Societies all across the world
01:18Are replete with examples of stories
01:21Of lands that have been lost and covered over
01:24People have done something wrong
01:25And this is God's punishment
01:27Or the story of the lost city of Atlantis
01:31Told by the great Greek philosopher Plato
01:33A utopian island
01:36The people have devoted their lives to finding beneath the waves
01:41Right across the world
01:43In almost every culture
01:44There is a flood story
01:47A story where water can both cleanse and destroy
01:52Across our planet
01:55Are myths and legends of the sea rising up
01:58And wiping out civilizations
02:00But what if these stories
02:05Aren't just stories
02:08Scientists now claim to have found a lost world
02:11At the bottom of the sea
02:13Called Doggerland
02:17It existed about 10,000 years ago
02:20And was a place that was almost perfect
02:23For its Stone Age inhabitants
02:25It's a rich place
02:28It has wetlands
02:29Where you had wildfowl
02:34The abundance where fish in the rivers
02:36Were migrating
02:37Where you had all the animals and plants
02:40That you'd want
02:41And also all the resources
02:42Flint and wood and everything else
02:45Was out there
02:46Doggerland's temperate climate
02:49Would have made this a beautiful
02:50And abundant region
02:52For its hunter-gatherer population
02:53Plants and animals
02:57That we recognize today
02:58Hazel, ash, pine
03:00Large game
03:02Horse, bison, deer
03:04Antelope and elk
03:05Doggerland
03:07Sounds like paradise
03:09But this world
03:15No longer exists
03:17So we must ask the question
03:20What exactly happened
03:22What exactly happened
03:22To Doggerland
03:23Our search begins
03:36In the North Sea
03:37This sea was created
03:41At the end of the Ice Age
03:43About 15,000 years ago
03:45As the ice melted and receded
03:48It created the North Sea
03:50Between Scandinavia
03:51Northern Europe
03:53And the UK
03:54Its power
03:58And hidden depths
04:00Have captured the human imagination
04:02And it has also
04:04For thousands of years
04:06Provided humans
04:07With a staple food
04:08Fish
04:09From the east coast of Great Britain
04:30The British have for generations
04:32Sailed from the ports of Norfolk
04:34A hundred miles northeast of London
04:36To fish the North Sea
04:38And in September 1931
04:46The vessel was trawling
04:48Near the Lehman and Oa banks
04:52It was captained by
04:58Pilgrim E. Lockwood
04:59About 25 miles out
05:05He lowers his nets
05:06And he trawls
05:08The ocean for fish
05:09As he lifted them up
05:12Into the boat
05:13Among the sort of shining fish
05:14Is a massive
05:15What they call peat log
05:17It's a big boulder
05:21Not of rock
05:22But of mud
05:24He and his men
05:28Start breaking it up
05:29With shovels
05:30As he puts his shovel in
05:38It goes
05:38And he's like
05:39That's really weird
05:40That sounds a bit like metal
05:42So he digs through
05:49And he uncovers
05:50This sort of
05:50Black shape
05:51And on it
05:53Is a load of ridges
05:54Cut into it
05:55So it's sort of
05:56Almost like a barb
05:58And it's got little grooves
06:00At this end
06:00So presumably
06:01This is some sort of
06:02Like you know
06:03Harpoon or hook
06:04Or something
06:05He prized away
06:12And found
06:12A lovely bone
06:13Antle harpoon point
06:14Intrigued
06:15You don't find
06:16These things every day
06:17In the North Sea
06:18He brought it home
06:19Lockwood had found
06:22An implement
06:23Made out of the bone
06:24From a deer's antler
06:26About 15 centimetres
06:29In length
06:30And with a serrated side
06:31So it could be used
06:33To harpoon prey
06:34But how on earth
06:38Did it get there
06:38Because it's
06:39It's in the load of mud
06:40Which has been
06:41Under the ocean
06:42What was the harpoon
06:47Doing
06:48In the middle
06:49Of the North Sea
06:50Who made it
06:53And when
07:04Our story now moves
07:09To Cambridge University
07:10Here in 1932
07:14Works a young
07:16Ambitious archaeologist
07:17Called Graham Clark
07:19Clark would go on
07:22To become one of
07:22Europe's greatest
07:23Archaeologists
07:24Seen here
07:25Winning the Erasmus Prize
07:27In 1990
07:29Graham Clark
07:31Who's a very tenacious
07:32Scholar
07:33He wants to make
07:33A name for himself
07:34And he's decided
07:35To study
07:35A whole new area
07:37That hasn't really
07:38Been looked into before
07:39Which is
07:39The Mesolithic
07:40The Middle Stone Age
07:42Clark was fascinated
07:45By the period
07:46From about 10,000
07:47To 4,000 years
07:49From today
07:50Clark believed
07:52The harpoon
07:53From Lockwood
07:53Was similar
07:54To those used
07:56By Mesolithic
07:56Hunter-gatherers
07:58In Scandinavia
07:59Known as
08:00The Magomores
08:01But this creates
08:05A greater mystery
08:07Mesolithic hunter-gatherers
08:11Were known
08:12To be able to fish
08:13And had fishing boats
08:15But what were they doing
08:16Harpooning fish
08:17So far out to sea
08:19The first step
08:21For Clark
08:22Was to identify
08:23That the harpoon
08:24Was indeed
08:25Mesolithic
08:26Today scientists
08:33Rely on a process
08:34Called radiocarbon dating
08:35This involves
08:38Measuring the decay
08:39Of the isotope
08:40Carbon-14
08:41And comparing that
08:44To levels of
08:45Carbon dioxide
08:45In the atmosphere
08:47But without this
08:51Complex modern technique
08:52How would Clark
08:54Date the harpoon
08:55To try and solve this
09:03Clark turned to his
09:04Friends and botanists
09:05Harry and Margaret Godwin
09:07The Godwins were
09:11A husband and wife couple
09:13And they were from
09:14The University of Cambridge
09:15At the same time
09:16As Graham Clark
09:17And they specialised
09:19In paleontology
09:19The study of plants
09:21And their remains
09:23Things like pollen
09:23Harry and Margaret Godwin
09:29Were working on a technique
09:30That relied not on the
09:32Decay of carbon isotopes
09:33To date objects
09:34But instead
09:35Used ancient pollen
09:37The Godwins might not
09:40Be able to date
09:41The harpoon itself
09:42But they could date
09:45The peat
09:46It was founded
09:47Through pollen analysis
09:48They specifically went out
09:52And trawled up
09:53Another block of peat
09:54Very very close
09:55To where they'd found
09:56The harpoon
09:57And actually analysed it
09:59What the Godwins found
10:06Would change the way
10:07The seabed of the North Sea
10:08Is seen forever
10:10It was showing
10:13Things that we have today
10:15Pine trees
10:16Older
10:17As well as
10:17Things like oak
10:18You know
10:19This wasn't
10:19A block of
10:20Mushy mess
10:21That had come from
10:22A nestuary
10:23This was
10:23Part of a landscape
10:24That was living
10:25And breathing
10:26With all the things
10:27That we would expect
10:28On dry land today
10:29These were plants
10:34Which were nowhere
10:35Near the sea
10:36So what on earth
10:38Are they doing
10:38Underneath the North Sea
10:41What the Godwins
10:43Now had to do
10:44Was work out
10:44What time period
10:46These types of tree
10:47And pollen
10:48Were from
10:49Working with other scientists
10:51In Scandinavia
10:52And Germany
10:53They had built up
10:54A list of time zones
10:56Or chrono zones
10:57Based on pollen
10:59Found in prehistoric peat
11:01The results
11:08Are as Clark predicted
11:10The pollen in the peat
11:12Near where the harpoon
11:13Was found
11:14Dates to the Mesolithic age
11:16This proves the harpoon
11:18Is most likely
11:20From that period
11:21But what Clark
11:24Still can't answer
11:25Is how did the harpoon
11:27Get to the middle
11:28Of the North Sea
11:29Could the peat
11:32Pollen
11:34And harpoon
11:36Really have been
11:36Washed out
11:37That far
11:38Into the North Sea
11:39Clark created a map
11:47Showing pollen discoveries
11:48Across northern Europe
11:49And he wondered
11:51If there wasn't
11:52A landmass
11:52Now hidden
11:55Under the North Sea
11:57That had once
11:58Linked all
11:59Of northern Europe
12:00A land
12:03That could have been
12:04Inhabited
12:04For Mesolithic hunter-gatherers
12:09As it turned out
12:11Clark wasn't the first
12:14To come up
12:15With this unusual idea
12:16In the early years
12:24Of the 20th century
12:25The botanist
12:27Clement Reed
12:28Used to walk the beaches
12:30And sand dunes
12:31Of Norfolk
12:31In England
12:32As a botanist
12:35He was fascinated
12:36By the plants
12:37And trees of today
12:38And where they had
12:39Originally come from
12:41Clement Reed
12:44Became obsessed
12:45With a thing
12:46Called Noah's Woods
12:47What it is
12:49Is when the tide
12:50Goes out
12:51In some locations
12:51You can see
12:52Tree stumps
12:53Which is a bit odd
12:55Loads of people
12:56At the time
12:57Called this phenomena
12:58Noah's Woods
12:59Because they thought
13:00They were leftovers
13:01Remnants of Noah's flood
13:03But Clement Reed
13:04Didn't think
13:04That was possible
13:05So Clement Reed
13:06Got the bit
13:07Between his teeth
13:08And decided
13:08To investigate
13:09Reed dug beneath
13:12The coastlines
13:12And into the depths
13:13Of the sea
13:14To see what he could find
13:16He asked the question
13:20Were there forests
13:21And animals
13:22Living in these areas
13:23Thousands of years ago
13:25From his finds
13:28Reed came up
13:29With a theory
13:29He published in a book
13:30Called
13:31Submerged forests
13:32It suggested
13:35That somewhere
13:37Under the north sea
13:38Was a land mass
13:40A land mass
13:41That could support
13:42Forests
13:43And animals
13:44Reed suggested
13:47There was an alluvial plain
13:49Connecting all of northern Europe
13:51With its heart
13:52At somewhere called
13:53Dogger Bank
13:55Clement Reed
13:57Writes this amazing book
13:59Called
13:59Submerged Forest
14:00Where he theorizes
14:01A massive land mass
14:03Linking the UK
14:04To the rest of Europe
14:06He had so little evidence
14:08For it though
14:08Nevertheless
14:09This was a book
14:10That was really groundbreaking
14:12His main issue
14:13Was that
14:14Nobody really cared
14:15Nobody was really obsessed
14:17With this subject
14:18As much as he was
14:19Reed's was a pretty unusual idea
14:23Without much evidence
14:24To support it at the time
14:26But his work was derided
14:28By the scientific community
14:30Reed's work
14:34Was seen as nothing more
14:35Than science fiction
14:36And was all but forgotten
14:38Until 80 years later
14:41In the 1990s
14:52Pioneering British archaeologist
14:54Professor Bryony Coles
14:55Became intrigued
14:57About Reed's work
14:58At the time of Professor Coles' work
15:03Oil exploration in the North Sea
15:05Was developing rapidly
15:06Allowing unexpected avenues of research
15:10There was the geological surveys
15:13Coming from things like
15:15The North Sea oil explorations
15:17Of that period
15:18I began to draw together
15:20The geological
15:22And the archaeological evidence
15:24That this was a terrain
15:26That had its contours
15:28Its river systems
15:29That these were things
15:30That we're totally unaware of
15:32Professor Coles
15:34Used numerous maps
15:36Including the ones made by
15:37Graham Clark
15:38In the 1930s
15:39To estimate
15:40How the ice caps melted
15:42After the ice age
15:44And what land masses
15:45That might have created
15:47I realised quite soon
15:51That we needed to have maps
15:53Showing the changes
15:54At intervals
15:55Because things were changing
15:57And it might take
15:59A thousand of years
16:00To change
16:01Coles' work suggested
16:03That in the region
16:04Where the harpoon was found
16:06There might actually have been
16:08Dry land
16:09But would anyone accept
16:11Professor Coles' idea?
16:14When I was doing the mapping
16:15I realised that
16:17It would be much easier
16:19Not have to say
16:21The land that used to be
16:22Under the North Sea
16:23Every time
16:23But to give it
16:25A name of its own
16:26To get across the idea
16:30That it had been
16:31Not just a drowned landscape
16:32But a living, live
16:34Dry land landscape
16:36Based on the name
16:40Of the fishing area
16:41Dogger Bank
16:42Coles called this new landmass
16:45Doggerland
16:46And that's really important
16:48Because as soon as
16:49Somewhere has a name
16:51It becomes a place
16:52Not just in reality
16:54But also in the imagination
16:56And Coles went on
16:58She posited the theory
17:00That not only was
17:01Read correct
17:02About the existence
17:03Of a lost landmass
17:04In the North Sea
17:05But it meant something
17:07Even more unexpected
17:08It was a huge area
17:13With rivers
17:14With bays and inlets
17:16With areas of high ground
17:17Hills if you will
17:19And low lying areas
17:20That are now
17:22Entirely submerged
17:24But then
17:24Would have been
17:25Absolutely at the heart
17:26Of the post glacial landscape
17:28Of northern Europe
17:29So if this was a landscape
17:33Was there evidence
17:35To suggest
17:36That it had one day
17:37Supported human life
17:39Across the North Sea
17:53In present day Holland
17:54A few hundred miles
17:56From Norfolk
17:57Is the beach
17:58Of Zanmota
17:59There
18:02Beachcombers hunt
18:03For hidden treasure
18:04Coins
18:08Bones
18:09A message in a bottle
18:10Anything unusual
18:12Gifted
18:13By the sea
18:13The beachcombers coordinate
18:20Their finds
18:20With Dr. Luke Amkreutz
18:22A specialist archaeologist
18:25From the nearby
18:26University of Leiden
18:27They work with Dr. Amkreutz
18:30Because Zanmota Beach
18:32Isn't like any other beach
18:34I'm sitting here
18:36On Zanmota Beach
18:37But it's not an ordinary beach
18:39It's a beach
18:40Created by man
18:41In 2011
18:42By spraying
18:44A whole lot of sand
18:45From the North Sea
18:46On this beach plain
18:47It was constructed
18:48Out of materials
18:50Dredged up
18:50From the sea floor
18:5211 kilometers offshore
18:53And dumped
18:55On the existing beach
18:56Material dredged
18:59From an area
18:59Of the sea
19:00Close to where
19:01Lockwood
19:01Found the harpoon
19:03What was so special
19:05When they created
19:06This beach
19:07Is that
19:07All kinds of objects
19:09Came to the surface
19:10Wow
19:11Yeah
19:12They were the bones
19:14Of animals
19:15Living in
19:15For instance
19:16The ice ages
19:17Like woolly mammoth
19:18And woolly rhinoceros
19:20Most astonishing
19:21Of all
19:22Is that
19:23It wasn't just
19:23The animal remains
19:24But amongst these
19:26There were also
19:26Hundreds of artifacts
19:28Made by humans
19:29And even by neanderthals
19:31Which is of course
19:32Really strange
19:33Given that they come
19:34From the North Sea
19:35Over the years
19:40Beachcombers have found
19:41More than 500
19:42Ancient artifacts
19:44Including tools
19:46Bone fishhugs
19:47And even human remains
19:50And even human remains
19:50That they say
19:52Are thousands
19:53Of years old
19:54Zondmode
19:56And certain other areas
19:57Really brought home
19:58The enormity
20:00Of this huge
20:02Archaeological archive
20:03In front of our coast
20:05We have this whole range
20:06Of organic artifacts
20:08That is preserved
20:08And it's actually
20:09Basically
20:09As if you're looking
20:11At a complete
20:11Carpenter's tool set
20:13And it really brought
20:14Home the idea
20:15Of this is a whole world
20:17A whole people landscape
20:18That was there
20:19Which is now lost
20:20The more touching finds
20:22From Dougaland
20:22Are not just the artifacts
20:23But the human remains
20:25Themselves
20:25And one story
20:27I find particularly
20:28Moving is this
20:29Lower mandible
20:30This person
20:32Was about 40 years
20:34When he or she died
20:35You're not just
20:36Looking at the objects
20:37Or you're not just
20:38Looking at the food remains
20:39But you're looking at
20:40The actual people themselves
20:42And Luke's group
20:46Are not the only ones
20:48Finding things on the beach
20:49Since the 1970s
20:51Hundreds of amateur archaeologists
20:53Have made findings
20:54On the coasts
20:55Of the Netherlands
20:55Germany
20:56Denmark
20:58Sweden
20:58Norway
20:59And the UK
21:01Under the North Sea
21:04There are signs
21:06Of an entire living world
21:07Of not just animals
21:09But also people
21:11But the question remains
21:14Who were they?
21:16And what happened to them?
21:19In 2005
21:28A European team of scientists
21:30Centred at the University
21:32Of Bradford
21:32In the UK
21:33Wanted to see exactly
21:35What Dougaland
21:36Might have looked like
21:38But they knew
21:40It wasn't going to be easy
21:41The area obviously
21:44Was very inaccessible
21:45It's obviously underwater
21:46Between you know
21:475 and 30 metres
21:49In some places
21:50Down to 60, 80
21:51In others
21:51Obviously that water
21:53Is very cold
21:54So you can't go
21:55Diving easily in it
21:56It's very powerful
21:57Currents in some places
21:58The other thing of course
21:59Was the technologies
22:01And the techniques
22:02That we use
22:02Hadn't been developed
22:03In some cases
22:04Or were in their early infancy
22:06There was no way
22:08That archaeologists
22:09Could excavate
22:10Under the seabed
22:11In these dangerous waters
22:13It was beyond
22:15Their technical abilities
22:16And would have cost
22:17Hundreds of millions
22:19Of euros
22:19It looked like
22:21Dougaland
22:22Would remain forever
22:23A subject of speculation
22:25And mystery
22:26Unproven
22:27By scientific fact
22:29But at a yearly symposium
22:36One of the PhD students
22:38At the time
22:39Simon Fitch
22:40Had an unusual idea
22:42As I was sitting there
22:44In Lecterhook
22:45I realised
22:46That actually
22:46I'd worked on material
22:48You know
22:49Seismic data
22:49Which came from that area
22:50And that data
22:52Possibly could be retasked
22:53It could actually be used
22:55To look
22:55Under the water
22:57To see the landscape
22:58In the early 2000s
23:01The North Sea
23:02Was going through
23:02A renewed oil and gas boom
23:05Billions of euros
23:07Worth of oil and gas
23:09Were being discovered
23:10Using new technology
23:11If the Bradford team
23:14Could access the data
23:15From that technology
23:16Then maybe
23:18They could see
23:19Under the seabed
23:20And whether there was evidence
23:22That Dogaland
23:23Did once exist
23:24The Bradford team
23:35Approached oil and gas
23:36Exploration companies
23:38To access their
23:39Specialist mapping data
23:40Surveyors for oil and gas
23:45Exploration
23:46Were going up and down
23:48Surveying the North Sea
23:50With a fine tooth comb
23:52To pull together
23:53A series of contour maps
23:55Of the sea floor
23:57This was a huge swathe of land
24:00Tens of thousands
24:02Of square kilometres
24:03What the Bradford team
24:08Wanted in particular
24:09Was the data
24:10For 3D seismic maps
24:12These are created
24:15By specialist ships
24:17Dragging thousands
24:18Of listening devices
24:19Called hydrophones
24:20Along the surface
24:22Of the sea
24:22They listen to sound waves
24:26Bouncing off
24:27Whatever lies
24:28Beneath the seabed
24:29The resulting data
24:32Shows where
24:33Hidden under the seabed
24:35There may be deposits
24:36Of oil or gas
24:37To drill for
24:38Seismic mapping
24:41Is a really good way
24:43To do a quick analysis
24:45Of a large amount
24:46Of submerged landscape
24:48Mapping the seabed
24:49In the same way
24:50As we see inside
24:52A stomach
24:53When we're doing
24:54Sonograms
24:56For instance
24:56And you use
24:57The sonar pulses
24:59And you get
24:59A little echo back
25:01And you get the shape
25:02Appearing on the screen
25:03But would this help
25:05The Bradford team
25:06Could the data
25:08Help build a picture
25:09Of a land
25:10Now hidden
25:11Under the seabed
25:22Having waited some months
25:25The team
25:26The team finally got the data
25:27For the doggo land area
25:29For the doggo land area
25:29They inputted it
25:30Into a computer
25:31They waited
25:33For the first
25:34Seismic maps
25:36So we plug that in
25:39And then put it into the computer
25:41And up popped
25:41This remarkable image
25:43We could actually see
25:44A river
25:45Which was
25:46Alive and vibrant
25:47When the Mesolithic people
25:48Were wandering around
25:49On top of Doggo Bank
25:50It was a phenomenal
25:51Almost like
25:52Lunar landing
25:53Type of moment
25:54You know
25:55You felt you were seeing
25:56Something which no one
25:56Had ever seen before
25:57I think that was
25:58When all the jewels dropped
25:59And we realised
26:00The implications
26:00Of what we were looking at
26:02And was providing
26:03A doorway
26:03Into a lost world
26:04It was just
26:04A phenomenal realisation
26:06That all those questions
26:08That people had had before us
26:09Could be answered
26:10It was just as
26:13Briony Coles
26:14And Clement Reed
26:16Had suggested
26:16A hidden world
26:20Of rivers
26:21Lagoons
26:22And wetlands
26:24We could map
26:26Features in the landscape
26:27We've seen rivers
26:29We've seen lakes
26:30We've seen little hills
26:32We've seen everything
26:33In that landscape
26:34You'd expect
26:35In a normal country
26:36Except
26:36This is under the sea
26:38And it's preserved
26:39And it's caches
26:40Of material and archaeology
26:41Sitting out there
26:42Waiting for us
26:42To go and find it
26:43The Bradford team
26:46Had seen Doggerland
26:48For the first time
26:49But the mapping
26:53Still didn't answer
26:54The biggest question
26:55What happened
26:57To the peoples
26:58Who lived there
26:59To understand that
27:01Scientists had to investigate
27:03How the people
27:04Might have lived
27:06Human evolution
27:15Is heavily influenced
27:17By geography
27:17And climate
27:19So the first thing
27:21To establish
27:22Is roughly
27:23What kind of climate
27:24Doggerland
27:25Would have had
27:26This is done
27:28By looking at
27:29The position of Doggerland
27:30Geographically
27:31At the time
27:33We know
27:34We know that
27:35Immediately after
27:36The end of
27:36The last ice age
27:38It was frozen
27:39It was like
27:39The Siberian tundra
27:41But then
27:41Very rapidly
27:42Started to warm
27:44To thaw out
27:45And that enabled
27:46New species
27:47To start to
27:48Colonize this land
27:49Doggerland
27:51Would have grown
27:53Into a landscape
27:54That we would
27:55Recognize now
27:56The winters
27:58Were shorter
27:58And less harsh
27:59And the summers
28:00Were longer
28:01And warmer
28:01And plants
28:03Start to
28:03Colonize
28:04This land
28:05Trees start to
28:06Grow
28:06A lot of the
28:07Species that
28:08We're familiar
28:09With now
28:09So hazel
28:10Ash
28:11Oak
28:12Willow
28:13Animals start
28:15To colonize
28:15Because they're
28:16Following the food
28:17So you get
28:18Herds of horse
28:19And bison
28:20And elk
28:21But the question
28:23Remained
28:24Could Doggerland
28:26Support human
28:27Populations
28:27And if so
28:29What would those
28:30People have been
28:31Like
28:40A clue comes
28:42From Yorkshire
28:42In northern England
28:44In 1948
28:47Graham Clark
28:48The archaeologist
28:49Who had dated
28:50The harpoon
28:50From the North Sea
28:51Was told of a
28:53Discovery of
28:53Flint and bone
28:54At a place
28:55Called Star Car
28:5710,000 years ago
28:59It was on the edge
29:00Of a massive
29:01Paleo lake
29:02Because of the
29:04Nature of this
29:05Landscape
29:06And the water
29:06Logging
29:07In the modern
29:08Farmland
29:09It means
29:10That there's
29:11Been an incredible
29:12Level of preservation
29:13At Star Car
29:15For the next
29:18Three years
29:18Clark led the
29:19Dig at Star Car
29:20And his team
29:21Uncovered one of
29:22The best
29:22Mesolithic
29:23Settlements
29:24In Europe
29:25So we have
29:30Organic remains
29:31Animal bones
29:32There are
29:33Harpoon points
29:34Beautifully crafted
29:35From deer antlers
29:37By looking at
29:41Star Car
29:42Today
29:42We can build
29:43A picture
29:43Of what lives
29:44The people
29:45Of Doggerland
29:45Might have led
29:46The site
29:49Has been further
29:50Excavated
29:51By Professor
29:52Nikki Milner
29:52I think it's
29:54Very easy
29:55To sometimes
29:55Look at the past
29:56And think
29:57About 11,000
29:58Years
29:58And that people
29:59Must have
29:59Lived very
30:00Basic lives
30:01But the
30:02Evidence
30:02That we've
30:03Got from
30:03Star Car
30:04Is that
30:04They were
30:04Very good
30:05At making
30:06Things
30:06At crafting
30:07Things
30:07Star Car
30:09Shows many
30:10Tools
30:10Made from
30:11Animals
30:11And made
30:13To kill
30:13Animals
30:14Similar to
30:14The harpoon
30:15Lockwood
30:15Found in
30:161931
30:17We have
30:19All sorts
30:20Of animal
30:20Remains
30:21And plant
30:21Remains
30:22From the
30:22Site
30:22Which shows
30:23Us
30:24The types
30:25Of animals
30:26They're hunting
30:27And their
30:28Expertise
30:29In gathering
30:30And living
30:31Off the land
30:32They're hunter
30:34Gatherers
30:34And these
30:35Are bushcraft
30:36Experts
30:37They're
30:38Armed
30:39With a
30:40Whole range
30:40Of skills
30:41And expertise
30:43That means
30:44That they can
30:45Thrive in
30:45This landscape
30:46At Star Car
30:48Is also
30:49What's known
30:50As the
30:51Oldest house
30:51In Britain
30:52Dating
30:53From about
30:549000 years
30:55Ago
30:55So we found
30:57A number
30:57Of houses
30:58Which are
30:59The earliest
31:00Known houses
31:00In this country
31:01So that
31:02Told us
31:03That people
31:03Were able
31:04To build
31:05Structures
31:05Out of
31:06Wood
31:07We understand
31:07More about
31:08Their woodworking
31:09Skills
31:09And how
31:10Sophisticated
31:11Those must
31:11Have been
31:12And that
31:13They could
31:13Make structures
31:14And that
31:15Involves
31:15Teamwork
31:16Mesolithic
31:17People
31:18It appears
31:18Were hunter
31:19Gatherers
31:19They were
31:20Highly
31:20Mobile
31:20But they
31:21Were also
31:22Living together
31:23And growing
31:23Together
31:24As a
31:25Community
31:25If we're
31:26Now thinking
31:27About people
31:28Who have
31:29Places that
31:30They regularly
31:31Spend long
31:33Periods of
31:33Time at
31:34That they
31:34Invest their
31:35Resources in
31:35To build
31:36Houses
31:37No longer
31:38No longer
31:38Could we
31:39Write these
31:39People off
31:40As simple
31:41Knuckle
31:42Dragging
31:43Cave
31:44Dwellers
31:44Clad in
31:45Simple animal
31:46Skins
31:47Eking away
31:48And living
31:48At the edges
31:49Of the ice
31:49Age
31:50These were
31:51People who
31:52Shaped their
31:53Landscape
31:54One of the
31:57Most unusual
31:58Finds at
31:59Star Car
31:59Was shaped
32:00From the
32:01Skulls of
32:02Killed deer
32:03One of the
32:04Most iconic
32:05And remarkable
32:07Discoveries
32:08From Star Car
32:09Are the
32:09Antler
32:10Headdresses
32:11And they've
32:12Been shaped
32:13By human
32:14Hands
32:14Over hours
32:15And hours
32:15And hours
32:16Of labour
32:16The headdresses
32:18Are really
32:19Mysterious
32:20There are none
32:20Others known
32:21In this country
32:22And only few
32:22In the rest
32:23Of Europe
32:24They're made
32:24Of red deer
32:25Skulls
32:25With the antler
32:26Coming out
32:27Of them
32:27There are two
32:28Main theories
32:29One is that
32:30They might have
32:30Been used
32:31As disguises
32:32In hunting
32:32Practices
32:33And the other
32:34Is that they
32:35Might have
32:35Been used
32:35By shamans
32:36In some
32:37Kind of
32:37Ritual
32:37Practices
32:38The headdresses
32:39Offer clear
32:41Incontrovertible
32:43Evidence
32:43That these
32:44People had
32:45A sophisticated
32:46Culture
32:47To create
32:49These artefacts
32:50That have
32:50No functional
32:51Purpose
32:52But clearly
32:53Have a very
32:54Important
32:54Spiritual
32:55Purpose
32:56Star Car
32:58Helps build
32:59A picture
32:59Of how
33:00Sophisticated
33:01People might
33:02Have lived
33:02On Doggerland
33:03But who
33:05Were these
33:06People
33:06What did
33:08They look
33:09Like
33:09To see
33:16What a
33:16Mesolithic
33:17Person
33:17Might have
33:18Looked like
33:18We must
33:19Travel to
33:19The south
33:20Of England
33:20And the
33:22Cheddar Gorge
33:22It was
33:24Here
33:24That one
33:25Of Europe's
33:26Oldest
33:26Mesolithic
33:27Men
33:27Cheddar Man
33:28Was found
33:29Cheddar Man
33:31Is one of the
33:32Really important
33:32Discoveries in
33:33This country
33:34Cheddar Man
33:35Was found
33:35Over a hundred
33:36Years ago
33:37In Somerset
33:38And has been
33:40Studied a lot
33:41Ever since
33:42Because human
33:42Remains are
33:43Incredibly rare
33:44Particularly in
33:45This country
33:46For the
33:46Mesolithic
33:47Cheddar Man
33:49Is the
33:50Oldest
33:51British
33:51Most complete
33:52Human skeleton
33:53That we have
33:54It dates to
33:55Around 10,000
33:57Years old
33:58And in
33:592018
34:00A groundbreaking
34:01Analysis
34:02Was made
34:02Of Cheddar Man's
34:03DNA
34:04In an attempt
34:05For us to
34:06Meet our
34:07Ancestors
34:08Face to
34:09Face
34:09It gives us
34:14An insight
34:14Into what
34:15People look
34:16Like
34:16And what
34:17We know
34:18From Cheddar Man
34:18Is he was
34:19About five foot
34:19Five
34:20From the
34:20DNA
34:21We know
34:21He had
34:22Dark
34:22Curly hair
34:23Blue eyes
34:25And darker
34:26Skin
34:26Than we
34:27Imagined
34:28Certainly
34:28Darker
34:29Than
34:29European
34:30Skin
34:31Tends to
34:31Be today
34:32So although
34:33He looks
34:33Quite striking
34:34To us
34:35He would have
34:36Looked quite
34:36Normal then
34:37Now we could
34:39Finally see
34:40The faces
34:40Of the sort
34:41Of people
34:42That would
34:42Have lived
34:42At Star
34:43Car
34:43And Doggerland
34:44Despite
34:46Living thousands
34:47Of years ago
34:48It helps us
34:49Understand
34:50Who lived
34:50Here
34:51But it
34:52Still doesn't
34:52Answer the
34:53Big question
34:54How did
34:55People who
34:55Made Doggerland
34:56Their home
34:57Come to
34:58Disappear
34:59To understand
35:09Better what
35:10Might have
35:10Happened
35:11The Bradford
35:12Team decided
35:12To actually
35:13Dig
35:14Into Doggerland
35:15They did
35:18They did this
35:18By taking
35:19Core samples
35:20If you take
35:21If you take
35:21A giant pipe
35:23You ram it
35:24Into the seabed
35:25And then you
35:26Pull it out
35:27The column
35:29Of mud
35:30That you
35:31Pull out
35:32That's a core
35:33So when you
35:34Look at a core
35:35What you're
35:36Effectively looking
35:37At are slices
35:38Of time
35:39It's like
35:40A diary
35:40Of the deep
35:41Past
35:42They are hugely
35:43Important for our
35:44Understanding of how
35:45Our climate has
35:46Changed and
35:47Environmental conditions
35:48Have changed
35:48And they're also
35:50Crucial to our
35:51Understanding of the
35:52Archaeology of
35:53Doggerland
35:53And what
35:54Happened to the
35:54People
35:55What the Bradford
35:58Team saw
35:59Is how
35:59With the end
36:00Of the ice age
36:01The sea level
36:02Was rising
36:03At over a metre
36:04Every hundred years
36:06Those sediments
36:09Preserving them
36:10A record
36:11Of how
36:12Sea level
36:13Changes
36:14So
36:14At one particular
36:16Site
36:16It will show
36:17The history
36:17Of going from
36:18Dry land
36:18Through to the
36:19Area becoming
36:20Waterlogged
36:21And eventually
36:21Being submerged
36:22But the team
36:24Noticed
36:24That in one
36:25Particular time
36:26Period
36:27The sea levels
36:28Seem to rise
36:29Significantly
36:30If you look
36:32At the cause
36:33Taken from
36:33Doggerland
36:34When you get
36:35To 8,000 years
36:36Ago
36:36There's a huge
36:37Change
36:38But what
36:40Caused this
36:41Huge change
36:42And what
36:43Effect did it
36:44Have
36:44On Doggerland
36:45Around 8,000
36:51Years ago
36:52There is what
36:52Is called
36:53The 8.2
36:54Kilo
36:54Kilo
36:54Year
36:55Event
36:55Meaning
36:568.2
36:57Thousand
36:57Years
36:58From today
36:58Or roughly
36:596,250
37:01BCE
37:02Scientists
37:05Noticed
37:06That the planet's
37:07Sea levels
37:08Rose dramatically
37:09One explanation
37:11For this change
37:12Is with the
37:13Warming of the
37:14Planet
37:14After the
37:15Ice Age
37:15Came the
37:16Collapse
37:17Of a
37:17Colossal
37:18Ice Sheet
37:18Into the
37:19Atlantic Ocean
37:20The
37:22Laurentide Ice
37:23Sheet
37:23In what is
37:24Present day
37:25North America
37:25At its peak
37:27The Laurentide Ice
37:28Sheet
37:29Covered most of
37:30Canada
37:30And a fair
37:31Proportion of the
37:32Top of the
37:33United States
37:34Ice was over
37:35What is now
37:36New York
37:37And Chicago
37:38And St. Louis
37:39This was
37:40Millions
37:41And millions
37:42And millions
37:43Of tonnes
37:44Of water
37:44Locked up
37:45In ice
37:46This was
37:46The biggest
37:47Release of
37:48Freshwater
37:48Into the
37:49North Atlantic
37:49For 100,000
37:51Years
37:52So profound
37:53Was this
37:53Change
37:54That it
37:54Dropped the
37:55Sea
37:55Temperatures
37:56By a
37:57Degree
37:57Almost
37:58Overnight
37:59And that
38:00Changed the
38:01Gulf Stream
38:02Which changed
38:03The air
38:03Temperatures
38:04By up to
38:051.5
38:06Degrees
38:06Centigrade
38:07In a
38:08Generation
38:09As the
38:11Meltwater
38:12Filled the
38:13Oceans
38:13Global sea
38:14Levels
38:15Rose by
38:15As much
38:15As half
38:16A metre
38:16In a
38:17Few months
38:18Threatening
38:19Lowlands
38:20Like
38:20Doggerland
38:21All the
38:23Reasons
38:23That made
38:24Doggerland
38:25A fantastic
38:26Place to
38:27Live
38:27As a
38:27Hunter
38:27Gatherer
38:28Also
38:28Made it
38:29Particularly
38:29Vulnerable
38:30To sea
38:31Level
38:31Change
38:32It was
38:33Low-lying
38:33It was
38:34Cut through
38:35With rivers
38:36And streams
38:37And marshy
38:38Areas
38:38Which was
38:39Fantastic
38:40For fishing
38:40And fouling
38:41And gathering
38:42Those wild
38:43Resources
38:43But it also
38:44Meant that
38:45If the sea
38:46Levels
38:46Rose
38:46It would
38:47Be inundated
38:48And inundated
38:49Very rapidly
38:51The sea level
38:54Rise was
38:54So pronounced
38:55That it turned
38:56Doggerland
38:57Into islands
38:59Doggerland
39:00Would now
39:01Have been
39:01Cut off
39:02From continental
39:03Europe
39:03And the UK
39:04So what
39:06Does this
39:06Mean for
39:07The people
39:07On
39:08Doggerland
39:09After the
39:118.2
39:11Event
39:12The sea
39:12Levels
39:12Rose
39:13So
39:13Significantly
39:14That it
39:15Was
39:15Easily
39:16Within
39:16Generations
39:17Easily
39:18Within
39:18People's
39:18Lifetimes
39:19They could
39:20Easily
39:20See
39:21The effects
39:22Of sea
39:22Level
39:22Rise
39:23These people
39:23Had an
39:24Intimate
39:24Knowledge
39:25Of the
39:26Landscape
39:26Around
39:27Them
39:27And for
39:28That to
39:29Start changing
39:30Must have
39:30Been
39:30Extraordinarily
39:32Disorientating
39:33And confusing
39:34What would
39:36Have been
39:36Fertile
39:37River
39:37Valleys
39:38Suddenly
39:38Became
39:39Flood
39:39Valleys
39:40Huge
39:41Swathes
39:42Of low
39:42Lying
39:42Land
39:43Would have
39:43Been
39:43Lost
39:43Almost
39:44Immediately
39:44And that
39:45Destroys
39:46The animals
39:47You're
39:47Relying
39:47On
39:48That
39:48Destroys
39:48The
39:48Plants
39:49You're
39:49Relying
39:49On
39:50And so
39:51When
39:51All this
39:51Changes
39:52This
39:52Puts
39:52Huge
39:52Pressure
39:53On
39:53The
39:53People
39:54Living
39:54There
39:55And
39:55It
39:56Would
39:56Have
39:56Been
39:56Scary
39:56For
39:57Them
39:57The
39:58Hunter
39:59Gatherer
39:59Paradise
40:00Of
40:00Doggerland
40:01Was
40:01Slowly
40:01Sinking
40:02Beneath
40:02The
40:03Waves
40:03So
40:05What
40:05Could
40:06Mesolithic
40:06People
40:06Do
40:07If
40:09You're
40:09A
40:09Mesolithic
40:09Person
40:10And
40:11Your
40:11Land
40:11Gets
40:12Flooded
40:12Where
40:12Do
40:12You
40:13Go
40:13Well
40:13You
40:13Obviously
40:13Follow
40:15The
40:15Animals
40:15Follow
40:15The
40:16Herds
40:16That
40:16Is
40:16Where
40:17Your
40:17Food
40:17Source
40:17Goes
40:18So
40:18You're
40:18Going
40:18To
40:18Do
40:18That
40:18Because
40:19Some
40:19Of
40:19Them
40:19Would
40:20Have
40:20Gone
40:20To
40:20Britain
40:20And
40:21What
40:21Is
40:21Now
40:21Mainland
40:22Europe
40:22Some
40:23Of
40:23The
40:23People
40:24Would
40:24Have
40:24Relocated
40:25Into
40:25Other
40:25Parts
40:26Of
40:26Today's
40:26Europe
40:27Like
40:28Germany
40:28And
40:28The
40:28Netherlands
40:29And
40:29Others
40:30To
40:30Great
40:31Britain
40:31From
40:32The
40:32Archaeological
40:33Evidence
40:33We
40:34Have
40:34A
40:34Number
40:35Of
40:35Mesolithic
40:35Boats
40:36It's
40:37Exactly
40:37At
40:38This
40:38Point
40:38As
40:39The
40:39Sea
40:39Levels
40:40Arising
40:40That
40:40We
40:40Start
40:41To
40:41Get
40:41This
40:41Really
40:42Good
40:42Evidence
40:42For
40:43The
40:43Use
40:43Of
40:44Dug
40:44Out
40:44Canoes
40:44In
40:45Britain
40:45And
40:46North
40:46West
40:46Europe
40:47Hunter
40:47Gatherers
40:48Are
40:48Fantastic
40:48At
40:49Being
40:50Flexible
40:50And
40:51Maybe
40:51Even
40:51People
40:52Started
40:52Adapting
40:53To
40:53Being
40:54Much
40:54More
40:55Sea
40:55Dwelling
40:56But
40:58The
40:58Question
40:58Remained
40:59What
41:01Happened
41:01To
41:02The
41:02People
41:02Who
41:02Stayed
41:03On
41:03Doggerland
41:04As
41:12The
41:12Bradford
41:12Team
41:13Looked
41:13Further
41:13Into
41:14The
41:14Core
41:14Samples
41:15They
41:16Found
41:16Something
41:16That
41:17Would
41:17Have
41:17Been
41:17Terrifying
41:18They
41:20Found
41:20What
41:21Might
41:21Be
41:21The
41:21Key
41:22To
41:22The
41:22Apocalypse
41:23Of
41:23Doggerland
41:24In
41:27A
41:27Time
41:27Period
41:27Around
41:286000
41:28BCE
41:29The
41:30Core
41:30Samples
41:31Looked
41:31More
41:31Mixed
41:32Up
41:32Than
41:32Expected
41:33There
41:35Was
41:35A
41:35Series
41:35Of
41:36Sounds
41:36Shell
41:37Jumbled
41:37Up
41:38With
41:38Sequences
41:39Within
41:39Which
41:40Looked
41:40So
41:41Unusual
41:42So
41:42Different
41:43To
41:43Everything
41:43Else
41:43We
41:43Had
41:43Seen
41:44In
41:44Our
41:44Careers
41:44Except
41:45For
41:46The
41:46Few
41:46Samples
41:47We
41:47Seen
41:47Published
41:48In
41:48Literature
41:48Which
41:48Were
41:48Stone
41:49Army
41:49Samples
41:49This
41:51Mixing
41:51Up
41:52Of
41:52Sediment
41:52Suggested
41:53Huge
41:54Force
41:54A
41:55Great
41:56Wave
41:56Of
41:57Power
41:57A
41:59Tsunami
42:00But
42:02What
42:02Could
42:02Have
42:02Caused
42:03Such
42:03A
42:03Wave
42:04The
42:06Team
42:07Connects
42:07The
42:07Unusual
42:08Core
42:08Samples
42:09To
42:09An
42:09Event
42:10Called
42:10The
42:10Sterega
42:11Slide
42:11When
42:13Vast
42:13Areas
42:13Of
42:14The
42:14Norwegian
42:14Continental
42:15Shelf
42:15Slid
42:16Into
42:16The
42:17Sea
42:17The
42:18Sterega
42:18Slide
42:19Was
42:19A
42:19Huge
42:19Submarine
42:20Landslide
42:21That
42:21Occurred
42:21Off
42:22The
42:22Coast
42:22Of
42:22Norway
42:23The
42:23Slide
42:24Is
42:24Made
42:24Up
42:25Of
42:25Sediments
42:25Deposited
42:26From
42:26The
42:26Glacial
42:27Era
42:27So
42:28It's
42:28A
42:28Lot
42:28Of
42:28Fine
42:29Mud
42:29And
42:29Sands
42:30And
42:30Within
42:31It
42:31There
42:34Hold
42:34All
42:34That
42:34Sediment
42:35Together
42:35So
42:35They're
42:36Very
42:36Prone
42:36To
42:36Slipping
42:37So
42:37Any
42:38Trigger
42:38Like
42:39An
42:39Earthquake
42:39Is
42:40Enough
42:40To
42:40Set
42:40This
42:41Sediment
42:41In
42:41Motion
42:42And
42:42Move
42:42Down
42:43Slope
42:43And
42:44As
42:44It
42:44Does
42:44So
42:45It
42:45Will
42:45Generate
42:45A
42:46Wave
42:46Because
42:46It
42:46Will
42:46Disturb
42:47The
42:47Surface
42:47Of
42:47The
42:47Water
42:48A
42:51Tsunami
42:52Would
42:52Have
42:52Been
42:52Terrifying
42:53And
42:54Is
42:54Something
42:54That
42:55Our
42:55Modern
42:55Society
42:56Has
42:56Witnessed
42:56In
42:57Both
42:582011
42:59In
42:59Japan
42:59And
43:02Across
43:02Asia
43:03In
43:032004
43:04You
43:07Can
43:07See
43:08Here
43:08How
43:08The
43:092004
43:09Tsunami
43:10Spread
43:11Across
43:11Almost
43:12The
43:12Entire
43:12Globe
43:13So
43:14What
43:15Effect
43:15Would
43:15The
43:16Sturega
43:16Slide
43:16Tsunami
43:17Have
43:18Had
43:18On
43:18Dogger
43:18Land
43:19Dr.
43:23John
43:23Hill
43:24Of
43:24The
43:24University
43:24Of
43:25York
43:25Recreated
43:26How
43:26The
43:27Tsunami
43:27Might
43:27Have
43:27Hit
43:28Northern
43:28Europe
43:28In
43:29A
43:29Series
43:30Of
43:30Computer
43:30Simulations
43:31The
43:33Sturega
43:33Slide
43:33Involved
43:343000
43:35Cubic
43:36Kilometres
43:36Of
43:36Sediment
43:36And
43:37It
43:37Probably
43:37Moved
43:38In
43:38One
43:38Go
43:38Very
43:39Quickly
43:39So
43:39This
43:40Huge
43:40Slide
43:41Which
43:41Is
43:41Probably
43:41One
43:41Of
43:41The
43:42Biggest
43:42Landslides
43:43In
43:44The
43:44History
43:44Of
43:44The
43:44Earth
43:44Generated
43:45A
43:46Huge
43:46Tsunami
43:46Which
43:47Then
43:47Travelled
43:48Across
43:48The
43:48North
43:49Atlantic
43:49To
43:49Greenland
43:50And
43:50Down
43:51The
43:51North
43:51Sea
43:51With
43:52A
43:52Tsunami
43:52Of
43:5210
43:53To
43:54Six
43:58Accurate
43:59Simulation
44:00The
44:01Remaining
44:01Islands
44:02Of
44:02Doggerland
44:03Are
44:03Repeatedly
44:04Washed
44:04Over
44:05By
44:05The
44:05Elevated
44:06Red
44:06Waves
44:07The
44:10Core
44:11Samples
44:11Also
44:12Suggested
44:12That
44:13The
44:13Timing
44:13Of
44:13The
44:14Wave
44:14Was
44:14Critical
44:15For
44:15People
44:15On
44:16Doggerland
44:17So
44:18One
44:18Of
44:18The
44:18Things
44:18I
44:18Find
44:18Surprising
44:19Is
44:19Our
44:19Ability
44:20To
44:20Pinpoint
44:20The
44:20Time
44:21Of
44:21Year
44:21That
44:21Sturega
44:22Occurred
44:23So
44:23We
44:23Do
44:23This
44:24By
44:24Looking
44:24At
44:24The
44:24Sediments
44:25That
44:25Have
44:25Been
44:25Deposited
44:26And
44:26In
44:26Them
44:26We
44:27Find
44:27Bits
44:27Of
44:27Vegetation
44:28Like
44:28Mosses
44:29And
44:29Cherry
44:29Stones
44:30Where
44:30We
44:30Know
44:31That
44:31They
44:31Would
44:31Have
44:31Occurred
44:32In
44:32The
44:32Autumn
44:32And
44:33Hence
44:33We
44:33Can
44:33Find
44:33Out
44:34That
44:34The
44:34Sturega
44:35Slide
44:35Actually
44:35Happened
44:36In
44:36The
44:36Autumn
44:36It
44:38Is
44:38Believed
44:38That
44:39Mesolithic
44:39People
44:39In
44:40The
44:40Summer
44:40Went
44:41Inland
44:41To
44:42Hunt
44:42Deer
44:42But
44:43In
44:43The
44:43Autumn
44:44With
44:44Fewer
44:45Deer
44:45To
44:45Eat
44:45They
44:46Return
44:46To
44:46The
44:47Shoreline
44:47The
44:52Tsunami
44:52From
44:52The
44:52Sturega
44:53Slide
44:53Would
44:54Have
44:54Hit
44:54The
44:54Mesolithic
44:55People
44:55When
44:56They
44:56Were
44:56At
44:56Their
44:56Most
44:56Vulnerable
44:57Dogland
45:00Would
45:00Have
45:00Been
45:01Particularly
45:01Affected
45:02By
45:02This
45:02Because
45:02It
45:02Is
45:02So
45:03Low
45:03Lying
45:03Even
45:04Though
45:04It
45:04Was
45:04About
45:04130
45:05Kilometers
45:06Across
45:06And
45:06Perhaps
45:0680
45:07Kilometers
45:07North
45:08To
45:08South
45:08The
45:09Average
45:09Height
45:09Was
45:10Probably
45:10On
45:10The
45:11Order
45:11Of
45:11Metres
45:12Rather
45:12Than
45:12Tens
45:13Of
45:13Metres
45:13So
45:14If
45:14You
45:15Have
45:15A
45:17Inundate
45:18A
45:18Large
45:19Proportion
45:19Of
45:20That
45:20Land
45:20And
45:21If
45:21We
45:21Look
45:21To
45:21Modern
45:22Events
45:22Like
45:22The
45:22Japanese
45:232011
45:23Tsunami
45:24The
45:25Average
45:25Height
45:25There
45:25Is
45:26Around
45:265
45:26Metres
45:27The
45:27Wave
45:28Inundated
45:29Up
45:29To
45:294
45:29Kilometers
45:30In
45:30Land
45:30So
45:31If
45:31You
45:31Think
45:31Of
45:32That
45:32Kind
45:32Of
45:32Scale
45:33You
45:33Would
45:34Have
45:34Seen
45:34Something
45:34Similar
45:35Happening
45:36At
45:36Doggerland
45:36The
45:41Coastline
45:41Is
45:41Exactly
45:42Where
45:42We
45:42Would
45:43Have
45:43Seen
45:43The
45:44Major
45:44Of
45:44People
45:45The
45:46Tsunami
45:46Would
45:47Have
45:47Laid
45:48Waste
45:48To
45:49Homes
45:50Fish
45:50Traps
45:51Going
45:51Hunting
45:52Grounds
45:53Disappearing
45:54Whole
45:55Societies
45:56Were
45:57Perhaps
45:57Wiped
45:58Out
45:58In
45:58The
45:58Space
45:58Of
45:59A
45:59Few
45:59Hours
45:59For
46:02Doggerland
46:02It
46:03Could
46:03Have
46:03Been
46:03Cataclysmic
46:04Covering
46:05Most
46:05Of
46:05The
46:05Land
46:05In
46:06Its
46:06Fast
46:06Moving
46:07Water
46:07Many
46:09Of
46:09Those
46:09Doggerland
46:10People
46:10Could
46:10Have
46:10Been
46:11Washed
46:11Away
46:11Along
46:12With
46:12Their
46:13Homes
46:13From
46:17The
46:17Archaeological
46:17Record
46:18We
46:18Do
46:18Get
46:19A
46:19Sense
46:19That
46:19Actually
46:20The
46:21Tsunami
46:21Is
46:22The
46:22Beginning
46:22Of
46:22The
46:23End
46:23If
46:23Not
46:23The
46:23End
46:24Of
46:24Doggerland
46:25And
46:25Large
46:25Swathes
46:26Of
46:26It
46:26Are
46:26Already
46:26Under
46:27Water
46:27And
46:28What
46:28Remains
46:29Would
46:29Have
46:29Been
46:29Quite
46:30Significantly
46:30Devastated
46:31For
46:32Some
46:32Time
46:32Death
46:34As
46:35A
46:35Great
46:35Wave
46:36Swept
46:37Through
46:37Doggerland
46:38Doggerland
46:48Doggerland
46:48Still
46:49Occasionally
46:49Gives
46:50Up
46:50Its
46:50Human
46:51Evidence
46:51From
46:52Beneath
46:52The
46:52Seabed
46:53In
46:552019
46:56A
46:57Hammerstone
46:58Was
46:58Dredged
46:58Up
46:59From
46:59The
46:59Drowned
47:00Land
47:00But
47:02The
47:02Bradford
47:02Team
47:03Concluded
47:03That
47:03With
47:04Rising
47:04Sea
47:04Levels
47:05Doggerland
47:06The
47:07Land
47:07That
47:07Connected
47:07All
47:08Of
47:08Northern
47:08Europe
47:09Would
47:09Have
47:10Sunk
47:10Under
47:10The
47:10Sea
47:11Ending
47:13All
47:13Human
47:14Life
47:15The
47:17Storraga
47:18Tsunami
47:18Was
47:18A
47:18Difficult
47:19Period
47:19For
47:19The
47:19Masolithic
47:20People
47:20But
47:21The
47:21Land
47:21Did
47:21Recover
47:22However
47:23After
47:24That
47:24Period
47:24Sea
47:25Level
47:25Continued
47:26To
47:26Rise
47:26The
47:26Landscape
47:27Continued
47:27To
47:27Shrink
47:28And
47:28Break
47:28Up
47:28Into
47:29Different
47:29Islands
47:29So
47:29The
47:30Challenges
47:30Increased
47:30For
47:30People
47:31And
47:31So
47:31Really
47:32It
47:33Part
47:33Of
47:33The
47:33Beginning
47:34Of
47:34The
47:34End
47:34Eventually
47:35People
47:38Certain
47:38Places
47:38And
47:38Moved
47:39As
47:39Of
47:40Today
47:40Scientists
47:41Are
47:42Yet
47:42To
47:42Find
47:42Any
47:42Artifact
47:43From
47:43The
47:44Dogaland
47:44Area
47:44That
47:45Dates
47:45After
47:46The
47:46Tsunami
47:47We
47:47Don't
47:48Find
47:48Any
47:49Human
47:50Artifacts
47:50After
47:51This
47:51Way
47:52So
47:52There
47:52Is
47:52Absolutely
47:53Nothing
47:53That
47:53Dates
47:54From
47:55Younger
47:55Than
47:556100
47:57BC
47:57Which
47:58Just
47:58Shows
47:59The
47:59Devastation
48:00This
48:00Wave
48:00Probably
48:01Caused
48:01The
48:02Tsunami
48:03Devastation
48:04Seems
48:05Total
48:05Dogaland
48:14A
48:16Mesolithic
48:17Paradise
48:18That
48:18Supported
48:19Human
48:19Populations
48:20Animals
48:21Forests
48:23And
48:24Wetlands
48:25A
48:26Land
48:27That
48:27At
48:27One
48:27Point
48:28Is
48:28Estimated
48:29To
48:29Have
48:29Stretched
48:30From
48:30What
48:30Today
48:30Is
48:30Northern
48:31Europe
48:31To
48:32Scandinavia
48:33And
48:33The
48:33UK
48:34Covering
48:35Almost
48:3550,000
48:36Square
48:37Kilometres
48:37Hunter
48:40Gatherers
48:40Of
48:41The
48:41Time
48:41Could
48:42Have
48:42Walked
48:42From
48:42Present
48:43Day
48:43Berlin
48:43To
48:45Oslo
48:45To
48:47London
48:47To
48:48Paris
48:49A
48:55Region
48:55That
48:56In
48:56The
48:56Space
48:56Of
48:56Possibly
48:57Only
48:57A
48:57Few
48:58Hundred
48:58Years
48:58Was
48:59Completely
49:00Swallowed
49:01By
49:01The
49:01Sea
49:01Drowning
49:03Everything
49:03That
49:04Lived
49:04On
49:04It
49:05An
49:10Ancient
49:11Apocalypse
49:11Which
49:12Echoes
49:13Through
49:13Human
49:14History
49:14Through
49:15The
49:15Myths
49:16And
49:16Legends
49:16Of
49:17Great
49:17Floods
49:18And
49:20Still
49:20Touches
49:20Us
49:21Today
49:22Еще
49:36Another
49:37Day
49:38One
49:39One
49:39In
49:41One
49:42To
49:43One
49:44Two
49:44Two
49:45Two
49:45Two
49:46Two
49:46Two
49:47Three
49:47Two
49:47Three
49:48Transcription by CastingWords
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