Documentary, Dinosaur Britain - E1 Dinosaurs Roaming London 2015
#AncientEarth #Documentary #Dinosaurs #Prehistoric #Evolutionary
#AncientEarth #Documentary #Dinosaurs #Prehistoric #Evolutionary
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00:00ever since i was a child i've been fascinated by the idea of dinosaurs but i never really
00:14thought about them having a connection with britain and yet amazingly this country was
00:19once a paradise for dinosaurs with over 50 species discovered across the uk britain
00:26was a real life jurassic park
00:46britain used to be home to the world's most terrifying predators raptors tyrannosaurs and flying reptiles
00:56pterosaurs now i'm on an adventure millions of years in the making revealing the truth
01:05about how this country's dinosaurs lived fought ate and died
01:13in a time when britain was ruled by dinosaurs
01:30i'm starting my journey at london's world famous natural history museum
01:48the place where many of us came face to face with our very first dinosaur
02:05i first came here with my grandparents when i was six years old i can still recall the sense of wonder
02:14walking into this great hall and craning my neck to try and understand the size
02:20of dippy the diplodocus here even now i can still conjure up that sense of awe
02:28and the natural history museum doesn't just display these amazing dinosaurs they also
02:33further our understanding of these prehistoric creatures through cutting-edge research
02:50at the center of britain's dinosaur research paleontologists here face the challenge of
02:56unraveling jumbled masses of bone to build a picture of a living breathing dinosaur
03:0632 years ago an amateur fossil hunter found something extraordinary in a surrey clay pit
03:12that would become known as the find of the century and this is what he discovered
03:26nothing like this enormous claw had ever been seen in the world before scientists from the museum
03:32returned to the site and uncovered almost half a complete skeleton enough to fill three vans
03:38the creature had a curious long skull with ferocious teeth it was obviously some kind of new flesh-eating
03:49dinosaur the largest ever discovered in europe but what was it and why did it look so different from
03:56other meat eaters the first tangible clue was this tiny fossil found in the dinosaur's rib cage
04:04it sent shockwaves through the scientific community it was a fish scale and closer inspection revealed that it was
04:14partially corroded by acid stomach acid so this fearsome claw belonged to a 33 foot long killing machine the world's
04:27first fish-eating dinosaur baryonics baryonics stalked the swamps and rivers of what is now southern england 125 million years ago
04:44searching for clues on how baryonics hunted professor emily rayfield uses a ct scanner to x-ray its skull
04:51i was really interested in looking at the mechanics of the skull to see how it functions and how it
04:59captured its prey so one of the really good things about the ct scans is that it allows us to look
05:03inside the animal skull this is a ct scan of the front end of the snout the teeth that you can see
05:12have got really really deep roots and in the front of the snout they go almost up to the roof they're
05:17incredibly deep they're very long teeth and they're really embedded into the jaws
05:24the roots will basically all the way up to here um means that it will be a very secure
05:30tooth very good for grabbing and holding on to things very slippery wriggling fish indeed yeah
05:37it's estimated baryonyx needed to hunt down 60 pounds of fish a day in order to survive the equivalent of
05:45nearly a thousand fish fingers the fish they were hunting were sizable weren't they these were big
05:51fish yeah so they were up to like two meters or more so they were pretty substantial they're not the kind
05:55of tiddly little fish that you might think of living in rivers in the modern day surrey or whatever
06:00these were pretty big fish
06:01now this is a the thumb claw a baryonyx this claw was used like a hook a prey out of the water so fish
06:13for example in a similar way that you see things like grizzly bears in modern day environments actually
06:18do that with salmon fish wouldn't stand a chance against that would it it's incredible it really is
06:22mind-blowing to imagine such a ferocious predator at large in southern england when it was discovered
06:29there was really nothing else like it at all it really gave us an insight into a completely new
06:34group of dinosaurs that we knew nothing about prior to its discovery you can't forget that these were
06:38ones living breathing animals
07:08a baryonyx was a two-ton terminator always on the lookout for its next meal
07:38a hundred and twenty five million years ago baryonyx would have hunted in a very different
07:49environment to modern day london
07:54britain was much closer to the equator and the south was a steamy tropical wetland of rivers and lakes
08:02baryonyx wasn't a fussy eater alongside the fish scales found in its stomach were the remains of
08:08another dinosaur thought to be a baby iguanodon
08:27its long snout was lined with 96 serrated teeth more than the mighty t-rex
08:34like a crocodile baryonyx could breathe through its nostrils while its head was in the water
08:43just waiting to pounce on its prey
08:48this powerful predator used its enormous razor-sharp claws to sweep fish from the water
09:02in the rivers and lakes of dinosaur britain baryonyx was the ultimate hunter
09:17britain was once home to over 50 different species of dinosaur
09:22these prehistoric animals existed on earth 850 times longer than modern human beings
09:30a mind-boggling 165 million years
09:35there were three ages of dinosaur triassic
09:40jurassic and cretaceous
09:51but incredibly just 200 years ago no one even knew that dinosaurs once roamed the earth
09:58so how did we discover their existence
10:07i'm on my way to see where the very first bone in the world to be identified as a dinosaur
10:13was discovered
10:13and it was found right here in britain just north of oxford in a village called stonesfield
10:2540 feet underground
10:38it's incredible to think that something found down an old slate mine like this one
10:43would change our understanding of life on earth forever
10:54it's just looking really tight down there
11:00oh no
11:02didn't i tell you why it's claustrophobic
11:08it's not my natural territory
11:19oh i'm not enjoying this
11:20these marks were left by a miner down here some hundred years ago
11:33but back in the 1790s a miner that was chipping away at a similar face came across a piece of ancient bone
11:41it was clearly part of a large jaw because it was filled with vicious looking teeth
11:50but it was unlike anything that had ever been seen before anywhere on earth
11:55time to go
12:05next
12:07i come face to face with the prehistoric owner of the mysterious jawbone
12:16the mighty meat-eating megalosaurus the very first dinosaur to be discovered anywhere in the world
12:24in the world
12:35my fascination with dinosaurs began in my infant class of primary school and my love of wildlife has grown
12:41since then but i think because dinosaurs capture all our imaginations it's easy to forget that they
12:47were once living real animals i want to uncover the hidden stories of britain's dinosaur past
12:55how they lived how they fought what they ate and how they died
13:03the very first bone in the world to be identified as a dinosaur was discovered right here in britain
13:10it was a huge jawbone containing ferocious teeth
13:13after it was dug out of a mine 200 years ago it was moved to oxford where it still is today
13:25i'm meeting paleontologist and author dean lomax an authority on british dinosaurs to take a
13:32look at this groundbreaking specimen hey hello nice to meet you good to meet you yeah very good
13:38where's your white beard you're so much younger than i thought yeah yeah a lot of people say that
13:43a lot of people say that but i've been working in paleontology now for about eight years have you
13:47really yeah wow so you'll be the man to show me in here i will let's take a look all right so what's
13:52your story then about 2008 i went out to america and to fund that trip i sold my star wars collection
13:58it's my first professional dig out there digging up dinosaurs good for you
14:02the ancient jawbone is now housed in oxford university's museum of natural history
14:09back when it was discovered large fossilized bones had already been found in other parts of the world
14:15but no one had any idea what they were in china they gave rise to the myth of dragons in britain they
14:22were thought to belong to a race of giant humans well ellie if there is one dinosaur specimen to rule them
14:30more and this this is it that's quite a claim so how did they go from thinking that these were giant
14:37humans to discovering that they were dinosaurs there's a guy reverend william buckland he was a
14:43brilliant geologist and paleontologist and very well respected he started to study these teeth now if
14:48you look closely here you have this tooth coming through he recognized this as a replacement tooth
14:54he realized that reptiles continue to replace their teeth
14:56and he thought well instantly this must be some huge extinct reptile this was something completely
15:02new an extinct animal which has not been recorded in the bible that's controversial for a man at the
15:07cloth then this must have challenged quite a lot of ideas for him at the time because indeed this was
15:12something completely new in 1824 buckland named this find megalosaurus which means great lizard
15:20it's the world's first ever recorded account of a dinosaur however the term dinosaur had yet to be
15:28invented if i carefully move these around you see how big this animal is it's huge isn't it yeah put this
15:35huge skull together mm-hmm yeah that's a big good idea of the size of this beast yeah that's immense pretty
15:44fierce and predator and it's british too incredible and what did megalosaurus look like so we now know
15:53that megalosaurus is this big 30-foot long animal walks on its hind legs big muscular hind leg built for
16:00running this was a big predator and it would have been living in oxfordshire around about 167 million years ago
16:08and it would have been an amazing predator
16:26so
16:38Megalosaurus was the largest theropod or meat-eating dinosaur of its time.
16:54Megalosaurus may have run at over 20 miles an hour, as fast as a charging brown bear, but four times the size.
17:24Megalosaurus weighed over a ton, the same as a small car.
17:31In order to sustain its body size, it fed on large prey.
17:54Megalosaurus
18:24It is. Like any big predator, Megalosaurus would have been opportunistic, so if it had an opportunity to scavenge, it would have done so.
18:33So it could save time, save energy, and it's a quick and easy meal.
18:50Megalosaurus, the first dinosaur to be discovered in the world.
18:54And it lived right here in Oxford, 167 million years ago.
18:59The remains of dinosaurs have been discovered all over Britain.
19:10When they died, their flesh was either scavenged by other predators, or it rotted away, leaving just the skeleton.
19:20As time passed, layers of natural sediment covered the dinosaur.
19:24Over millions of years, the layers of earth around the skeleton hardened and turned to rock, encasing the dinosaur.
19:33I've returned to London's Natural History Museum to discover how modern techniques are being used to unlock the secrets hidden deep inside the rocks.
19:49Mark Graham is the museum's fossil preparator.
19:55So what's inside this?
19:59Well, this one is part of a collection of dinosaur material from Oxfordshire, and if we just look underneath here, Ellie, there is a dinosaur bone.
20:10That's fantastic. So when you opened that up, that was the first time it had been seen in how many millions of years?
20:16Well, this is about 165 million years old, so quite some time.
20:20And that's part of the thrill of this job, really. That's never been seen by any human ever before.
20:23That's such a moment. Do you still get that excitement?
20:26Yeah, every single time. It's fantastic.
20:27And very often, as was the case with this one, it's just a tiny little fragment of bone that's noticeable from the side.
20:33Then you very slowly work your way in using these tools, and you're praying that you don't do any damage, really.
20:37And then slowly the thing emerges, and it's a great thrill to see it.
20:41Incredible.
20:42Yeah.
20:49I sometimes feel like a dentist when I'm doing this.
20:52How have techniques changed since the days of the early fossil collectors?
20:56Well, we're still trying to get rock off of bones, so to that extent it hasn't changed very much at all.
21:01But the early ones would have spent hours and hours just by candlelight using chisels and hammers to remove the rocks.
21:08We're using tools these days which are power-driven, like these ones here.
21:11That's a compressed air chisel.
21:13But when it comes in a plaster jacket, as this one has, we have to remove the jacket,
21:16and we use things like this rotary drill that's diamond-encrusted.
21:21It can take hundreds or thousands of hours of work.
21:23Really?
21:24Especially if you've got a large skeleton to reveal.
21:26This block itself will probably take, I don't know, something like 50 or 60 hours.
21:31Just to reveal the bones that are inside of here.
21:33And all of this detailed work in revealing this fossil, I think it's taken for granted when we walk past these incredible specimens in the museum.
21:45The Natural History Museum has always had a close connection with dinosaurs.
21:51It was founded by Sir Richard Owen, the same man who invented the name dinosaur, which means terrible lizard.
22:01Celebrating the latest scientific knowledge of the time, these huge dinosaur sculptures were unveiled at Crystal Palace in South London in 1854.
22:14The Victorian public was captivated.
22:17I'm meeting Deborah Cadbury, historian and authority on Britain's first dinosaur hunters.
22:27Well, these are the first dinosaur sculptures ever built.
22:31Whose idea was it?
22:32Well, the man behind these sculptures was the eminent Victorian naturalist, Richard Owen, who was something of the scientific superstar of his day.
22:41And he was responsible for creating the sculptures and coining the term dinosaur.
22:46And, you know, it was magic.
22:47The idea just caught on in 1840s Victorian Britain.
22:51Incredible.
22:52So he was something of a showman then.
22:53He was really putting something on.
22:55He was an absolute showman.
22:56Dinomania just took off.
22:58The idea that there was an age of reptiles before the age of mammals and man, it really was staggering to the Victorians hearing about it for the first time.
23:11It opened people's eyes to this great abyss of prehistory.
23:16These sculptures were sort of best guesses, really, with the information they had.
23:20But we now know them to look slightly different to this.
23:22Slightly.
23:22I mean, they're terribly inaccurate.
23:24So these are the iguanodons, discovered by a country doctor called Gideon Mantell, and in a local quarry in West Sussex, he discovered a giant tooth.
23:36And he could see it was from a lizard.
23:38And such a creature wasn't supposed to exist.
23:44These are casts of the original teeth that Mantell studied.
23:49The first thing he noticed was their size.
23:51He knew there was no animal on the planet with teeth exactly like these.
23:56And he realized they look a lot like the teeth of an iguana, a tropical plant-eating lizard, only much, much bigger, around 20 times the size.
24:06The teeth belonged to a completely new animal, a giant plant-eating reptile long extinct, that he called iguanodon, meaning iguanatus.
24:17This strange spike, also found by Mantell, was much trickier to place.
24:25Running out of ideas, he thought that the spike belonged to iguanodon's snout, a little bit like a rhino horn.
24:31And that idea was copied by Owen here with these sculptures in Crystal Palace.
24:37But later, discoveries revealed that the spike had a very different, much deadlier purpose.
24:42Oh, wow.
24:57Oh, wow.
24:57And this is iguanodon, the second dinosaur in the world to be discovered right here in Britain.
25:22We now know iguanodon looked very different to the Victorian interpretation.
25:30This 35-foot herbivore had smaller forelimbs, and it could stand upright on its hind legs to feed from higher branches.
25:40The iguanodon lived around 125 million years ago.
25:51And there you can see that spike that Owen and Mantell puzzled over.
26:13It isn't a nose spike, as it is on these sculptures around here, but it's actually a thumb spike,
26:20which was used to manoeuvre branches and leaves into its mouth.
26:24There, it uses its thumb spike for defence as well.
26:49If that dinosaur was real, it would be feeling pretty sore right now.
26:54Iguanodon could run at 15 miles an hour, the same as the average human.
27:02125 million years ago, it was one of the biggest, strongest and best adapted plant eaters in Britain.
27:13Next, I come face to face with Britain's pack-hunting dinosaurs.
27:18Notorious and vicious predators that could take down prey twice their size.
27:31Raptors.
27:32I'm on a journey around Britain, finding evidence of this country's hidden dinosaur past.
27:47Since the first discovery 200 years ago, thousands more dinosaur bones have been uncovered across the country,
27:54each one furthering our knowledge of life in dinosaur Britain.
27:58I've come to see a remarkable specimen, from one of the most notorious and vicious dinosaurs ever to have walked the earth.
28:09A predator that hunted just a few miles south of these ancient stones.
28:14143 million years before this monument was constructed.
28:18Look at what you've got in your bag, your dinosaur bag.
28:24All right.
28:26Well, let me show you very carefully.
28:29Open this up.
28:31I'll pull it out.
28:31Now, this is a piece of jaw from a dinosaur.
28:36It's called an athetes destructor.
28:38Very, very cool name.
28:39Oh, what a lovely piece.
28:41Yeah, you see the detail of the teeth as well on there.
28:43Yeah.
28:43You see the serrations.
28:44And when it was first discovered, it was considered to be a lizard, then a crocodile, and even a mammal, and only very, very recently, a raptor.
28:53That was from here in Britain?
28:53That's it, the British raptor.
28:55Wow.
28:55Where does it come from?
28:56It comes from about an hour away from here.
28:58It's on the Isle of Purbeck, the Jurassic Coast.
29:01How could they tell from this just tiny piece of jawbone that it belonged to a raptor?
29:05Because we only have this fragment, and we also have a couple of isolated teeth, we have to look at more complete remains of raptors all found across the world.
29:12So, what springs to mind the most famous velociraptor, made famous by Jurassic Park.
29:17How like that velociraptor from the movie was this?
29:19The velociraptor would have been about probably three feet tall, about six and a half feet long, so nowhere near the size within Jurassic Park.
29:27And an athetes was probably about the size of a turkey.
29:30No!
29:31Yeah, yeah, pretty vicious turkey, though.
29:33Was it?
29:33Yeah, yeah, I'm sure it was.
29:35So, what do we know about how it looked and what it did?
29:37Athetes, much like the majority of raptors, would have been walked on its two hind legs, it would have had this sickle-shaped claw on its foot, a killing claw, it would have had three claws on its hands.
29:49Wow, that's a description.
30:04Wow.
30:05The athetes, pretty much all theropod meat-eating dinosaurs, would have been caught actually in feathers.
30:16You can see birds, modern living birds, you can hear around us at the moment, they're dinosaurs as well.
30:21They evolved from, like these, they evolved from theropod dinosaurs, about 160 million years ago.
30:28So what was the function of the feathers then?
30:30Probably for display courtship or warmth, or even brooding as well.
30:35Some fossils have been found where you have a skeleton laid over some eggs, but it's been brooding.
30:40Another indicator that they're linked to birds as well.
30:42What sort of things did they prey upon?
30:49Well, athetes would have preyed upon anything could get its claws into, really.
30:53So in the same beds there's been early mammals found where athetes was, various other reptiles, other dinosaurs, so anything big, big predators, really.
31:01There's evidence that raptors like athetes may have hunted together in packs.
31:22Cooperation could have allowed them to take down much larger prey.
31:52Oh, I think we lost it.
32:07Can we get in?
32:09No, don't worry.
32:10Raptors can't open door handles.
32:12It's not that drastic part, they have these bunny hands, their hands are facing downwards.
32:16No, the raptors have their claws, if you take a look there.
32:20Claws for grasping and clutching prey.
32:22Even if raptors couldn't cope with door handles, to survive they had to be much smarter than the dinosaurs they hunted, with a sharp sense of smell, keen eyesight and lightning reflexes.
32:52Just like their modern relatives, birds of prey, these fast, fierce predators would have made quick meals of their victims.
33:20Scientists believe that dinosaurs are buried in their homes.
33:50They're buried beneath our feet, all over Britain.
33:53But it's on our coastline where they're most likely to be found.
33:59Many of the dinosaurs that have been discovered here were found by amateur enthusiasts and ordinary families who happened upon a piece of bone or tooth or even a footprint while out on the beach.
34:10And I'm heading now to one of Britain's best dinosaur hunting hotspots.
34:17Stretching nearly 100 miles across Dorset and East Devon, the Jurassic Coast is England's first natural world heritage site.
34:25With exposed rock dating back 240 million years, severe storms and natural erosion can lead to the discovery of dinosaur bones that have been locked away for millions of years.
34:46Local fossil hunter, David Soule found something truly extraordinary right here on Charmouth Beach.
34:58Perhaps the most complete fossilised dinosaur ever found in Britain, Scalidosaurus.
35:05Hi David, nice to meet you.
35:10Hello, Ellie.
35:10How are you doing?
35:12So was it luck or judgement, would you say, your great find?
35:15Oh, there's absolutely no question at all.
35:17It's pure luck.
35:19December 2000, we'd had a really good wet stormy night.
35:23And as I came along here, I noticed some bits falling out of the cliff.
35:28There's really quite a cascade of stuff.
35:30So which layer did your find come from?
35:33It came from directly above us where we are now, but halfway up that last steep section.
35:39Right.
35:40There was a stone in front of me.
35:41It had just obviously toppled down with this fall and just lodged in the shingle at the base cliff there.
35:47And it just looked sort of different, odd.
35:49It was covered in mud, so I couldn't tell what was in it, but I thought, well, okay, it's worth giving it a tap with a hammer, which I did.
35:54I just knocked a corner off and found it was packed with bones.
35:58So, you know, wow.
36:00Was it a big moment, that?
36:01A very big moment, yes.
36:02So, yes, obviously it was a thrill.
36:04So in the next few days, I mean, I checked then religiously every day after the high tides.
36:09And I think it was just within three or four days, I found a piece that turned out to be the skull.
36:15And has Scalidosaurus been found anywhere else?
36:18Oh, well, that's another interesting thing.
36:19It's sort of known locally as the Charmed Dinosaur because to date, there's no certain record of it from anywhere else in the world.
36:27So it's unique to this area so far.
36:29How can you tell how old it is?
36:32These rocks here, they're early Jurassic, and they are dated roughly between 190 and 200 million years ago.
36:39They were formed on the seafloor, an accumulation of material that built up and built up hundreds and then thousands of feet thick.
36:46And somehow you've got a land-based animal, a dinosaur, that's arrived on a seafloor, maybe 100, 200 feet deep, who knows.
36:56How on earth has it happened?
36:58It's a fascinating idea.
36:59You can imagine all sorts of scenarios.
37:01How did it get there for a thing?
37:03Something went wrong in its life.
37:05Yes, what an incredible mystery.
37:06Scalidosaurus's death is unexplained.
37:11A land-based dinosaur found washed out to sea.
37:15With one of the most complete skeletons ever found in Britain, I'm hoping its bones will help solve a mystery almost 200 million years in the making.
37:25I'm on a journey round Britain, discovering the secrets of the towering herbivores and killer carnivores that once roamed this land.
37:49I've come face to face with the world's first dinosaur discovery, the mighty Megalosaurus, and learned that raptors were actually covered in feathers.
38:02But now I'm heading to Bristol Museum to try and solve a 195 million-year-old mystery.
38:10How a land-based dinosaur, Scalidosaurus, ended up dead on the sea floor and perfectly preserved.
38:17I'm meeting Professor of Palaeontology Mike Benton in search of answers.
38:24Wow! There's so much of it!
38:27It's the most fantastic specimen.
38:29It's most unusual to find a dinosaur as complete as this.
38:32But it turns out also it has another importance, that it's the very first armoured dinosaur that ever existed on the earth.
38:39And I think the most extraordinary thing is that all the bits are in the right places, you know, the head, the whole skeleton, the arms and the legs and so on.
38:49And most extraordinary of all, very unusual, is to find all of the armour plates more or less exactly as they would have been.
38:55Scalidosaurus was 13 feet long and a herbivore, with armour plates to protect it from predators.
39:06It lived around 195 million years ago in the early Jurassic period.
39:13Southern Britain would have looked very different from how it does today.
39:17The UK was closer to the equator and made up of a series of small islands.
39:23The weather was hot and unpredictable, with powerful storms and flash floods.
39:28The Skalidosaurus found by David's soul may have lived in a herd.
39:43At times they would have been forced to seek out new areas to graze.
39:51Do we know much about what it would have eaten?
39:53Yes, I think when you look at a dinosaur like Skalidosaurus, the first thing you do when you're interested in diet is look at the teeth.
40:00And the teeth here are small and somewhat sort of leaf-shaped.
40:06And they're clearly not the teeth of a predator, because the predatory teeth would be very sharp.
40:11So that tells us it's a plant eater.
40:12But this is even better, because it has some hint of stomach contents and even something in the throat that is probably some plant remains.
40:21Why would you have a lot of plant material in the throat?
40:24Either it was on the way down or on the way up.
40:26So one suggestion is this poor creature was even floating out live into the sea and was vomiting just as it died.
40:37So just what did happen to this Skalidosaurus?
40:40With short legs standing just over three feet tall and weighing around 50 stone, this land-based animal was not a strong swimmer
40:58and was vulnerable to extreme weather conditions and treacherous swollen rivers.
41:02This animal must have died, it must have floated out to sea quite quickly, within days really, no more than that.
41:28Because normally when an animal is afloat on the water, dead, the body will blow up with gases of decomposition
41:34and then eventually, after a few days, it explodes.
41:39It didn't do that.
41:40It didn't do that.
41:54Icthyosaurs, like this one, are extinct marine reptiles that resemble today's dolphins.
41:59They thrived in the warm Jurassic Seas and wouldn't have missed the opportunity to scavenge a fresh dinosaur carcass.
42:07While some Skalidosaurus were eaten, others drifted to the seafloor.
42:31Why is it then so well preserved? Why is there so much of it and in its rightful position?
42:36It sank to the bottom without blowing up, and then once it was on the bottom, it wasn't scavenged.
42:41That's the other thing that would normally happen.
42:44So we know this today when you look at the carcass of a dead whale, for example, lying on the bottom of the ocean.
42:52There's a whole fauna of sharks and other fishes and worms and all kinds of horrible creatures,
42:57and they munch their way through the whole thing.
42:59Look at this. None of that happened.
43:01And the only explanation we have for that is a special feature of the seabed,
43:05that there must have been no oxygen.
43:07So it must have been black, dark, and free of oxygen completely.
43:11Wow.
43:11And so none of these scavenging creatures could survive.
43:21Over millions of years, layers of sediment turned to stone,
43:25with the bones and teeth of the Skalidosaurus encased intact.
43:31As the skeleton was buried deeper over time,
43:34the original material began to be replaced with minerals from the surrounding sediments.
43:46These layers of rock eventually formed the cliffs of England's Jurassic Coast.
43:51Through natural erosion and a chance discovery,
43:57the fossilised skeleton of Skalidosaurus reappeared on Charmouth Beach
44:01195 million years after it died.
44:09I've been amazed at the sheer variety of dinosaurs that once roamed Britain,
44:14from the fearsome, meat-eating Megalosaurus
44:17to the Baryonyx, which once fished in prehistoric rivers and streams.
44:27The story of dinosaurs began right here in Britain,
44:31but my journey has only just begun.
44:36Next time, I meet one of Britain's smallest dinosaurs.
44:40And come face to face with Britain's very own Tyrannosaur.
44:56Tyrannosaur.
45:10LONE X
45:31英雅
45:33LENOX
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