Dr Ann's Secret Lives - Season 1 Episode 1 - Bull Sharks - video Dailymotion

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Transcript

00:00yeah you can give it a crack if you want oh it's it's kicking oh wow have i lost it

00:14i am trying my best to bring in a shark i never thought i would say those words

00:21oh it's got to be a fight in it

00:22yeah this should be a juvenile bull shark which is

00:34big enough to bite me

00:37nico lubitz is a shark scientist we're 10 kilometers up the horton river in queensland

00:43on a mission to study of all the things baby bull sharks this is a nursery so all the babies live

00:51here for first three or four years of their life and then they'll slowly start moving out to the

00:57open ocean and is that normal for sharks to be able to go from salt to fresh for bull sharks it is

01:02so most other shark species can't do that there is a special shark especially adapted to this kind of

01:08environment the colors are phenomenal yeah they're beautiful aren't they okay so i will try and get

01:15down there in the mud which is obviously if you could just crock spot me we're catching them to

01:20gather important biological data that will help tell their life story oh my goodness all right now

01:27we just want to make it quick all right if you want to put one hand here yep you're all right little

01:33one she's powerful i can feel her power straight away oh still down you can tell i'm not a oh that's

01:40fine they don't really bite like that what they do but

01:43in a moment like this they're less likely to actually why are you tagging babies um i'm actually

01:51collecting genetic samples from the babies to look at relationships within river systems

01:57so we can actually relate them back to the big adults we're tracking off the coast and see

02:00where the females go to pub do you have any suspicions about where they go i do

02:06whoop that's all right live a big long life yeah she'll hopefully be back here and have her own

02:15babies in about 10 15 years time i'm physically shaking and it's not from fear i think it's just

02:24the adrenaline of what just happened i don't know but i can feel it going through my body it's like i've

02:30had many many soft drinks you're stuck chaotic chaotic but it feels both soft there's another rock

02:47as a nature journalist i spend a lot of my time observing wildlife from behind my binoculars

02:53in this series i'm getting up close and personal oh my god no matter how deadly the animal brilliant

03:08that's fantastic and it's not just for fun seeing animals like this is absolutely incredible

03:17i'll be joining scientists on location as they try to gain a deeper understanding of animals

03:23one we all think we know it's so adorable and this time it's sharks oh my god what bull sharks

03:35they're known to be aggressive and deadly look at the bull shark are you kidding me

03:46but bold new attempts to track them are revealing there may be a whole lot more to them than their bite

03:53i'm dr ann jones and things are about to get wild

04:15to help me understand the secret lives of bull sharks nico has invited me to join him on a trip to ghoul body

04:22or or orpheus island on the great barrier reef

04:29the underwater ecosystem here is super fertile making it the perfect place for adult bull sharks

04:36to live and hunt after they leave the protection of river systems

04:41look at this place eh it's like a stereotypical island paradise all i'm missing are the palm trees

04:52and it's giving like science meets white lotus you know where you think you're in paradise but

04:59there's danger beneath the surface and here that's the sharks and i am hoping to meet them face to face

05:07look them in the eye but it's not going to happen today because i need to go get settled in

05:16the accommodation turns out to be a bit more science school camp than white lotus

05:21all right this is home for the next week or so top or bottom

05:33not bad there's no downtime for me though

05:39because i've got to meet a team of shark experts and researchers who along with nico want to give me

05:46the low down on what i've got myself into so this is going to be the plan we have five days to catch

05:53an adult bull shark and there's a couple of spots i have in mind where we've had really good luck in

05:57the past one of them is hazard bay there's two big drop-offs there and we get really big animals patrolling

06:02the edges because it goes from a coral flat into sort of like a sponge bed bull sharks are incredibly hard

06:08to observe in the wild so to study them you have to catch them so we're using big hooks and big bats

06:15that's you you can see that we catch sharks that snap these in half yep some sharks out there just too

06:22big to catch so all right so what happens if we do get one i will be controlling the head so i'll be

06:30pulling on the rope and i'll be getting the shark next to the boat and that's where the rest of the

06:34team will come in so we have a uh a tail rope it's like a lasso almost we'll tie it off and then we

06:39can flip it belly up they sort of go into like a little sleep state it's called tonic immobility

06:46so that helps me too we need to get hands on so nico can perform surgery to insert a tracker

06:54that will map their movements this is one of the tracking devices that will go into the shark this will

06:59give us data for at least 10 years i'll make the tiniest little incision just so it fits this tag

07:04into the into the cavity of the shark so far nico and the team are tracking 708 individual sharks

07:13from 27 species so you say there's a bit of chance like is it going to be hard to find sharks

07:20not for us we've got the gun team job so they say that shark research is basically 95 boredom

07:29and five percent absolute chaos holy moly this is going to be amazing

07:43the smell of fish bait has me up early to find shark wrangler megan and the rest of the crew loading

07:49up the boat morning good morning how are you good i'm excited what can i do to help do you want to

07:56roll up this tape right we've got the tags the most important part how are we looking ready to go

08:04yep all night some nice water

08:07starter sheets bolt cutters do we need the bolt cutters we do yes we'll need those ones that's how

08:12we uh free the sharks again with everything on board we've got a 20 minute commute out to our fishing

08:18grounds oh i love it here i'm gonna be sad to go home so we're off to put our drum lines which are

08:26sort of like like rod but for big sharks we're going to set six baited drum lines about 150 meters apart

08:37each one has a tasty mullet attached to the white float and if we get a bite we should see it get pulled under

08:53but just in case we check them every 10 minutes

08:56bull sharks leave their river nurseries around the age of five when they're 1.4 meters long

09:09but the adults we're trying to find could be as big as four meters

09:15oh yeah something is nibbling

09:20suddenly a float completely submerges and its action stations

09:26And it's time for me to get out of the way of the professionals.

09:36Tiger.

09:37We got a tiger!

09:39Woo!

09:40Big tiger!

09:47It looks big to me.

09:52Oh, my God.

09:53It might not be a bullshark, but tiger sharks are another key predatory species.

10:01They can reach five metres in length and weigh up to 600 kilograms,

10:06making them nearly as big as great whites and almost as dangerous,

10:12so definitely still worth studying.

10:15She's pretty beautiful.

10:17She's so beautiful.

10:18I want to assess where the hook sits.

10:21Yep. This process is uncomfortable to witness,

10:24but Nico tells me that tiger sharks are resilient animals.

10:28You're trying to get her into position so that we can then jump in

10:31and grab any sort of finion.

10:33Yep. Are you ready?

10:36Yep, that's...

10:37That's your tail.

10:38All right, beautiful.

10:43All right, beautiful.

10:44Isn't she gorgeous?

10:45Yep.

10:48When they're really young, it's way more distinct.

10:50And as they grow up, they lose that very distinct strength.

10:52She's like a little colourful.

10:55This one will have to slip her away from us.

10:57The team must work as quickly as possible.

11:00Oh, my God!

11:01Oh, no!

11:02She's gone.

11:03And to reduce stress,

11:04they turn the shark upside down to put it into a sleep-like state.

11:08Yep.

11:09And now hold her in tonic,

11:11because then she'll go to sleep.

11:12OK.

11:13Did you just pat her belly?

11:15Oh, my God, Nico!

11:16I love doing that.

11:18So, this is a tiger shark, OK?

11:20Yes, this is a tiger shark.

11:22It's not what we're after, but it's still a really cool animal.

11:27While it's thought that bull sharks travel up rivers to pup,

11:30nothing is known about how tiger sharks give birth.

11:34So, the team collects samples

11:36that may help with their scientific mysteries.

11:41And she gets ID'd.

11:42So, I'll show you. It looks kind of like a spaghetti.

11:45We always call them spaghetti tags.

11:47So, that's our number one nine seven five.

11:50And it's got our phone number on it.

11:51And so, someone can give us a ring

11:53if they manage to get this thing in.

11:56Sometimes we name our sharks.

11:57So, we're thinking maybe we can name this one Anne.

12:01I mean, a feisty tiger.

12:03That does sound like me, doesn't it?

12:04Yeah.

12:05Then this one's Anne.

12:07All right.

12:08Let's give her a little stand on it.

12:12That smells good.

12:13Wow.

12:14If you want to give her a pet,

12:16see how smooth she is when you go in this direction?

12:19Ah.

12:19You just don't want to go the other direction?

12:20Yeah, if you go the other, it's really rough.

12:22Oh.

12:23So, in one direction, she feels almost reptilian.

12:26Yeah.

12:27But in the other direction,

12:28she feels like the coarsest sandpaper there is.

12:32Yeah, she's awesome.

12:34She's a really cool animal.

12:35After a moderately frenzied ten minutes...

12:38Three, two, one...

12:41..it's time to release Anne.

12:43The shark.

12:44Not me.

12:45That was the first time I felt that real punch of fear.

12:56And I got a really good look at her teeth.

12:58The teeth they use for shredding.

12:59Those ones.

13:00Yeah.

13:01It's only through the skill of these scientists

13:04that they were able to keep her still enough

13:06to plant the tags, to get the samples, to do their job.

13:11We spend another four hours on the water.

13:15And while we catch everything from a scolet's hammerhead

13:19to a tawny nurse shark...

13:21Just watch, she's swimming towards the line.

13:23..there's still no sign of a bull shark.

13:26So, tomorrow, it's back out on the water.

13:29None of the work the team are doing here

13:42would be possible without newly affordable technology.

13:49And this morning, Bridget and Shana

13:51want to show me its possibilities.

13:55When they're not helping to catch bull sharks,

13:57they're studying their cousins.

13:59Juvenile stingrays and reef sharks.

14:04A lot of the data that we have on their species

14:07uses acoustic tags and satellite tracking,

14:10which is really great for telling us big, large-scale movements.

14:13But it means that you've got to actually tag those animals

14:16and you've got to capture them.

14:17So, another way to collect a whole lot of data

14:19at a really fine scale is to use drones.

14:23Ray-flicks, I like to call it.

14:24Ray-flicks?

14:25Yeah.

14:27Ooh-wee!

14:29Oh, that's so cool.

14:30It's like a flying bath mat.

14:31And so, what's really cool about this is we can, for my research,

14:36I want to see when they're feeding and how long they're feeding for,

14:39which, if you're tagging them, you don't get to see that.

14:42You can see where they're moving and when,

14:43but this allows you to see exactly when they're feeding.

14:47So, this guy here's a cow tail.

14:49So, they come along and they kind of hover over the surface

14:52and they use these sensors to kind of find out where the prey is,

14:55almost like a metal detector.

14:56All those little critters that they're wanting to eat,

14:58they go in the mouth.

14:59Oh, that is so cool.

15:00So, these rays are actually really important in nutrient cycling

15:03because of the way that they feed.

15:05So, they're ecosystem engineers?

15:06Absolutely.

15:07Ray-Flix is compelling viewing, but given I'm right here,

15:13I want to see them with my own eyes.

15:16They said they were just here.

15:23Looks like one of those stealth aircrafts,

15:25cos black and flat.

15:27I'm edging up on it sideways as if I'm going to have to, like,

15:30yah, or something.

15:34Hello.

15:37Oh, it's like...

15:40Whoa, they go really fast.

15:43Got scent of me or something and went...

15:45That is wild.

15:59I'm back out at the worryingly named Hazard Bay

16:03so that Nico can retrieve a part of his research toolkit

16:07Yeah, watch it out. Thank you.

16:08We are 300 metres away and being in the water soon.

16:13It's a receiver that's been recording the acoustic pings

16:17of bull sharks cruising by.

16:22Pretty close to it.

16:23Mm-hm.

16:23We've got nine metres off.

16:25And the float that we put in the water is about nine metres off too,

16:28so we should be pretty much on top of it.

16:30Rightio.

16:31And the scary bit is we have to collect this device by hand.

16:35Jump in, dive down, retrieve it, come back up, job done.

16:39You make it sound easy.

16:42It sometimes is.

16:43All right, well, he's hoping today's the day.

16:46Yes.

16:47All right.

16:55Conditions are, frankly, very sharky, with milky low visibility.

17:03And I have never felt more like a seal.

17:17Then, just as my nerves run out...

17:20There's a network of over 400 of these listening stations

17:38along the east coast,

17:40and it's revealing some curious behaviour

17:43in the 79 bull sharks that they're following.

17:45Niko has discovered they utilise their environment

17:53and resources in two different ways.

17:56So, what we've got here is two individuals

17:59that we've tagged roughly three and a half years ago.

18:02And this first one here is a large female.

18:06She's been what I would call a mover.

18:09Oh, wow, look at her go!

18:11Only about six months after we tagged her,

18:13she was in Sydney, where she spent the summer time.

18:15And then, when the water started getting colder again,

18:19she just sprinted back up the coast and ended up back here.

18:23She basically hugs the east coast of Australia,

18:26going back up and down and up and down.

18:29So, some bull sharks travel thousands of kilometres,

18:33but there are others that are way less adventurous.

18:36For the last three and a half years,

18:38all she's been doing has been moving between Townsville,

18:40Magnetic Island, the Palm Islands, Hinchinbrook and Mission Beach.

18:44Oh, wow, she's really local.

18:47To try and understand the reason why some sharks migrate

18:50and some stay put,

18:52Nico looked at the genetic samples taken from ocean-going adults

18:56and the babies upriver.

18:58So, we can actually genetically link them.

19:00And so far, it appears that animals that are born in Queensland

19:04and pup in Queensland, or northern Queensland, I should say,

19:07in the tropics here,

19:08that they are less mobile than animals that are born or originate

19:13from, like, central northern New South Wales, southern Queensland,

19:16where there's more climate variation or more temperature variation

19:19over the year, so summer versus winter.

19:21It seems that southern-born bull sharks travel north

19:27when the winter water temperatures drop below 19 degrees.

19:30It surprises me, sort of, how I can equate this to some human behaviour.

19:36Yeah. Because there's the grey nomads, right?

19:38Oh, yeah, they are.

19:40That, like, live in the southern parts of Australia,

19:42perhaps reproduce in the southern parts of Australia,

19:44but every single winter, they want to come up to the north

19:48to eat lots of bananas and pineapples and whatnot.

19:50Fair enough. They want to get a piece of paradise.

19:52They want to get a piece of paradise.

19:54But then there's people who are born, raised up here,

19:56never leave, never want to leave.

19:57They're going to fish here for the rest of their goddamn life.

20:00That's it.

20:02Understanding how bull sharks use our coastal waters

20:05can help us avoid run-ins with their toothy ends.

20:09What sort of other things can these tracking devices actually tell you?

20:14So, they can tell us residency times.

20:15When are they more likely to occur around beaches

20:18or other places that people use?

20:20What are areas that maybe should be avoided

20:22at certain times of the year in terms of swimming?

20:24Because there's more bull shark activity

20:26than at other times of the year.

20:29And this kind of knowledge is increasingly important

20:32as climate change warms the oceans.

20:35So, their thermal tolerance,

20:37as it's getting warmer and warmer further south,

20:39they're going further south.

20:41Yeah. So, they can potentially, in the future,

20:44explore new territories that they haven't in the past.

20:47For example, we know that the Hawkesbury River,

20:49just north of Sydney, never really used to have

20:52any juvenile bull sharks in it.

20:54But more and more, we see that there's juvenile bull sharks

20:56popping up in that river system.

20:58So, females actually go into the river and start popping in there.

21:01Yeah. And that's one of the reasons why they're of interest, right?

21:03Because they like to use the same habitat that we like to use.

21:07Yeah.

21:07And that means that we come into contact with each other.

21:10And sometimes that ends poorly for humans,

21:13and sometimes that ends poorly for sharks.

21:17So, acoustic trackers are proving to be a vital tool

21:21in both shark conservation and keeping us safe,

21:26which is why we're hoping to tag more bull sharks.

21:29if we ever catch one.

21:45Suddenly, we're on.

21:59Nice.

22:00Getting really wet.

22:07Oh, my goodness.

22:08Holy moly.

22:09That's a big bull shark.

22:11Oh.

22:12Whoa.

22:13Sorry.

22:14Oh, my God.

22:15My face just flashed a little bit.

22:18She's pretty angry.

22:19Yep.

22:20She's not happy.

22:21I think she's going to be a bit of a handful.

22:22Yep.

22:23I think she's going to be a bit of a handful.

22:24Yep.

22:25I think she's going to be a bit of a handful.

22:27Yep.

22:28Ready for you.

22:30That's it.

22:31That's it.

22:32Right there.

22:33Right there.

22:34Go.

22:35Go.

22:36Get it on.

22:37That's going to be your only chance.

22:38Get it on.

22:39No, I haven't got it.

22:40Quick.

22:41It's...

22:42Come on.

22:43Yeah.

22:44Let's just get around this.

22:45Pull tight.

22:46Yep.

22:47Tight.

22:48Go.

22:49Nice.

22:50Well done.

22:51OK.

22:52I'm going to hold her this way.

22:54OK?

22:55Yep.

22:56A blunt snout and white underbelly are a dead giveaway as the team flip this 200 kilograms

23:03of pure muscle.

23:04Yep.

23:05It's got to be a heavy one.

23:06I know.

23:07So please go fast.

23:08Yep.

23:09Scalpel.

23:10Yep.

23:11We have caught a huge female bull shark and it seems like she might be pregnant.

23:16She looks absolutely bulbous from this angle, doesn't she?

23:17Yeah.

23:18Yeah.

23:19Yeah, she does.

23:20And she feels.

23:21Oh.

23:22You're going to be a mum soon.

23:23Yeah.

23:24Probably not for the first time.

23:25You might have done that for a second.

23:26If she is expecting, that would make her at least 15 years old and ideal to track.

23:35Right.

23:36Making the incision.

23:37So, Nico gets to work performing surgery to insert the acoustic transmitter.

23:44All right.

23:46Mortis for her.

23:47She's not quite large enough.

23:49Yep.

23:50Threw up the tag.

23:52All right.

23:53Five, one, four.

23:54One, six.

23:55All right.

23:56Tag's going in.

23:57Beautiful.

23:58It's, like, super emotional to see the shark, but not for the reason you think it is.

24:07Like, you would think you would be scared, but actually, she looks so helpless right

24:12now.

24:13It makes me tear up.

24:17Yep.

24:18Yep.

24:19Yep.

24:20Okay, let go.

24:21Pull out.

24:22Nice.

24:23Better?

24:24Yep.

24:25To dig deeper into bull shark hunting habits, Nico has also tracked one of their favourite

24:28prey, giant trevally.

24:31And the interesting thing is that, at a specific reef, when we get the first detections, usually

24:37around October time, of the prey fish, because they all aggregate to spawn, bull sharks that

24:42were a month ago, a thousand kilometres to the south, they ping in on the exact same day as

24:47the first prey fish that we've tagged as well.

24:49So the sharks know exactly when to rock up at that particular reef on the day that the

24:54prey arrives.

24:55That's awesome.

24:56So they're using, like, all their amazing sensorial abilities to bring together the information

25:01to make strategic choices in terms of where they're going and why.

25:06Yep.

25:07So perhaps they're more than opportunistic killers.

25:13And that's not the only finding overturning our common understanding of bull sharks.

25:19Genetic samples have revealed possible family dynamics between an adult brother and sister.

25:26And when we looked at the tracking data afterwards, both of them were migrating thousands of

25:30kilometres, but we caught them within two weeks of each other in the same area.

25:34Which, it may have been a coincidence, but it's interesting that they're full siblings.

25:37And thinking about the whole East Coast and how many bull sharks there are, to actually

25:41catch full siblings is rather interesting.

25:44I mean, that sort of brings out a potential different side of a bull shark, right?

25:48It does, yes.

25:49Because, like, bull sharks have this sort of reputation as being bullish, literally, like

25:54being, you know, punching through the water and taking prey and being vicious.

25:58But this, like, says that they could be, like, elements of familial relationships that

26:03occur in a social way.

26:05Yeah.

26:06Yeah.

26:07It might be that they're sort of honing in on each other as siblings because it's a familiar

26:12individual.

26:13You were literally born with it at the same time, right?

26:15But, unfortunately, it's just a bit of a theory.

26:18Another one of the mysteries.

26:19That's it.

26:20Yeah!

26:21Hold!

26:22Hold!

26:23Got it.

26:24No, I got it.

26:25That's all right.

26:26Do you want to take her genetics out?

26:27Uh, okay.

26:28And that way we can try and figure out if she is related to any of the babies in the river

26:31system that we sampled before.

26:33You're going to do a snippy?

26:34Yeah, just hold onto it.

26:35Hold it.

26:36And then...

26:37Yep.

26:38Like that.

26:39Perfect.

26:40That's it.

26:41Oh, God.

26:42It's...

26:43It's hard.

26:44It's beautiful.

26:45The shark is showing signs of getting tired.

26:48The external tag number is 1-9-8-2.

26:50My arm is under the belt.

26:53So the team must work quickly to finish up.

26:56External tag.

26:57Pull it tight.

26:58Hold on.

26:59Yep.

27:00You guys do the measurements.

27:01I'll do the head.

27:02Push the fin down.

27:03Yep.

27:04There.

27:052-5-3.

27:06That is big.

27:0713 centimetres longer than the average female.

27:08Are you ready?

27:09I'm ready.

27:10Say 3-2-1, please.

27:113-2-1.

27:12Yes.

27:13Nice.

27:14There we go.

27:15There we go.

27:16There she is.

27:17There she is.

27:18Come on, please.

27:19I'm sorry.

27:20With our adrenaline subsiding, I'm curious about how this team feels.

27:47What was that like for you guys, in particular, like, who haven't done this as much like me?

27:52What was that like?

27:54Um, well, I feel like it's hard to predict the movements of the sharks.

28:00I mean, these two have done so many sharks now that they can kind of read the behaviour.

28:07I was just scared I was going to get a tail to the face the whole time.

28:11Yeah, she did look like she was going to flipper flapper you.

28:13Yes, yes.

28:14I think every single time we get a shark, you know, your heart just kind of starts to race.

28:18It's like, wow.

28:19Yeah.

28:20This is amazing.

28:21I think seeing them that close as well, you just get a new perspective on them.

28:24Because you think of like a shark, the perception is like this big menacing, man-eating thing.

28:30But to see them that close, you see they're actually, you know, like you said earlier, they are vulnerable.

28:35I've learned to see bull sharks in a whole new light.

28:47What a privilege it's been to experience their life journey from vulnerable river babies to huge monster mamas in just one week.

28:56I think the thing with these big adaptable animals is that we underestimate how complicated their lives actually are.

29:10OK, of course, they're called bull sharks, right?

29:13So they are really big and they are really robust.

29:17Their lives have more nuance than their name gives away.

29:22And sure, we may never be the best of mates.

29:26But I think that they deserve a relationship with more respect and less hyperbole.

29:32And the only way we are going to achieve that is by truly understanding the secret lives of sharks.

29:46She's huge.

29:47She is huge.

29:48Next time, it's sea snakes.

29:56And the Germans are the worst suffocating.

29:57In the history of Alice and the East.

29:58Yeah, you look at the啊 behöquis are like a boat, we hmm really?

30:00It's a huge disaster.

30:01It's nice.

30:02But it ain't as much o'clock when we come back toأ.

30:05If you will.

30:06Like our client at this point, we probably probably am I interested in establishingence that if we can help because of us as a bolster of laughing in Bows museums.

30:08Type 15 years ago.

30:09To see us at the sky.

30:10Keep it at this point in thealla dot.

30:12If you can look at this point in their feet too, it's worth the truth.

30:14We need to take our camels to come down there too.

30:15See what time isn't buying us.

30:16I meanuel вас being a in-mongross před.

30:17Unf update views awhile.

30:19waves always be real.

Dr Ann's Secret Lives - Season 1 Episode 1 - Bull Sharks

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