Létrehozhat-e az EU közös szabályokat a sperma- és petesejt-adományozás korlátozására?

euronews (magyarul)

Létrehozhat-e az EU közös szabályokat a sperma- és petesejt-adományozás korlátozására?  Európában egyre több a spermadonorral fogant gyermek születése, de az úgynevezett „szuperdonorokkal” kapcsolatos közelmúltbeli viták több uniós országot arra ösztönöztek, hogy egyértelmű szabályozást és nemzetközi korlátokat szorgalmazzon a sperma- és petesejt-adományozásra vonatkozóan.  BŐVEBBEN : http://hu.euronews.com/2025/07/15/letrehozhat-e-az-eu-kozos-szabalyokat-a-sperma-es-petesejt-adomanyozas-korlatozasara  Iratkozzon fel: Az Euronews elérhető 12 nyelven

Transcript

00:00Donor-conceived births are on the rise in Europe, and it's a cross-border business.

00:19Experts say it's because people want children when they're older, without a partner, and in same-sex couples.

00:26But recent controversies surrounding so-called super-donors have led some EU countries to call for common rules.

00:34We look at the medical and ethical challenges in this episode of EU Decoded.

00:39Each EU country sets a maximum number of children born from a single donor.

00:45This can range from 1 in Cyprus to 15 in Germany.

00:50Some member states prefer to limit the number of families that can use the same donor.

00:55Sweden and Belgium limit this to 6, but Denmark allows up to 12 families.

01:02There is no limit for international donations, however.

01:05There are commercial cryobanks that set voluntary limits, but as many as 75 children have been conceived by the same donor.

01:12These super-donors increase the risk of unwitting incest and the spread of genetic abnormalities.

01:20There is also concern about the psychological harm to children who could find out later in life that they have dozens of half-siblings.

01:29We asked Europeans if they shared these concerns.

01:32But it's good if you know who the person is, because you don't know what the other person brings.

01:38Charakterzüge, mental things, everything.

01:41For me, it's already an ethical question.

01:43What do people do with their herbivores?

01:46It's actually going to leave their life.

01:50And so I personally think that this is a art of medicine, but it's nothing that I advise.

02:01I think that, like all of the important aspects, it should be regulated in the best way possible, in a clear way.

02:09I think that it should be more regulated, in short, and that there is more information, especially in schools,

02:16since in Italy there is no point of talking about this.

02:19Euronews' reporter Amandine Hess is here with me now to help us delve deeper into this issue.

02:25Amandine, we've had reports recently of some very controversial cases of sperm donors, particularly in Europe.

02:33Tell us more about some of these cases.

02:35Well, a few weeks ago it has been reported that a Danish donor who was unknowingly carrying a rare genetic mutation

02:41that increases the risk of cancer had helped conceive at least 67 children in Europe,

02:47and 10 of them have been diagnosed with cancer.

02:50And then there is the issue of super donors, who help conceive dozens or even hundreds of children.

02:56And it raises concerns because it increases the risk of consanguineous relationships among donor-conceived individuals.

03:03And finally, 50% of egg donation treatments take place in Spain because it has more liberal assisted reproduction laws.

03:12So patients travel there for treatments.

03:14But there are some questions on the ethical implication of commercialised egg donation.

03:20There's also the question of anonymity of these donors.

03:23Tell us what the situation is on that across the European Union.

03:26And what are some of the ethical questions that arise from this?

03:30For instance, sperm donation is anonymous in Italy, but it's not the case in the Netherlands.

03:35And in some countries such as Austria, it's semi-anonymous,

03:38which means that sperm donation is anonymous only between the donor and the recipients.

03:43Now, because of DNA testing and social media, donors' anonymity can no longer be 100% guaranteed.

03:52So it's more and more common that children can get in touch with their half-siblings or their donor

03:57and can be challenging for them, but also for their families.

04:02Finally, we know that there's an increasing concern among many EU countries

04:07and that they're trying to propose solutions to this.

04:10What are some of the options on the table right now?

04:12Some member states limit the number of children per donor.

04:17Others prefer to limit the number of families per donor to allow them to have biological siblings,

04:22but there is no international limitations.

04:26So some commercialised sperm banks have their own voluntary limits,

04:30such as 75 families per donor, but others have not.

04:34So it's not uncommon that some children have more than 100 have siblings.

04:39So this is the kind of situation that this proposal would prevent.

04:43The human body and its parts cannot generate financial profit, according to the Obiedo Convention.

04:49Commercial cryobanks earn revenues based on services related to the handling, freezing and storage of sperm and eggs,

04:57as well as through tests to screen potential donors.

05:01Some companies have online catalogs that disclose basic donor details,

05:05such as ethnicity, eye and hair color, height, weight and occupation.

05:11Clients can pay a higher fee to access more complete profiles.

05:15Our invitation is Elena Nevado del Campo,

05:19eurodiputada of the EU and member of the European Commission of the Public Health Council.

05:24What point can the EU establishments for these donations,

05:31since health is, above all, a question of national jurisdiction?

05:34Tenemos un reglamento que se aprobó recientemente, en el 2024,

05:41sobre normas de calidad y seguridad de sustancias de origen humano

05:47destinadas a la aplicación precisamente en el ser humano.

05:51Y ese reglamento, que es de obligado cumplimiento para todos los Estados miembros,

05:56también recoge la donación y el esperma y los ovocitos para la reproducción humana.

06:03Por lo tanto, yo sí que creo que podemos establecer un marco más global

06:08con la prudencia que la propia Comisión Europea,

06:12a través de doña Sandra Galina, ha señalado.

06:15¿Ve usted útil la creación de registros nacionales

06:19que contribuían luego a un registro central europeo para donaciones transfronterizas?

06:26Muchas leyes a nivel nacional ya prevén el establecimiento de estos registros,

06:32pero realmente muchos no se han puesto en marcha.

06:37Iría más allá, casi que por una cuestión de ética,

06:42deberían establecerse registros de carácter internacional,

06:46puesto que estas donaciones traspasan las fronteras también de la propia Unión Europea.

06:52Las empresas que recolectan y comercializan esperma y óvulos

06:56afirman que faltan donantes.

06:58¿Cuál podría ser el impacto de establecer nuevos límites?

07:02Estamos hablando de la protección de la infancia

07:06y el derecho a saber si a través de estas respuestas,

07:11dada la baja natalidad que azota también a Europa,

07:16puede dar lugar a transmisión de algún tipo de enfermedades.

07:19Por lo tanto, frente a esta actitud de los bancos,

07:24tenemos que ir más allá y pensar que hay que establecer

07:28esas medidas de calidad y de seguridad

07:31para proteger la salud humana y la infancia.

07:34El negocio de los bancos, el negocio de los bancos y la infancia

07:37de la infancia, probablemente continúe a avanzar.

07:39Pero las preocupaciones médicas y éticas

07:41significan que nuevas reglas necesitan y rápidas.

07:44Pero no es tan claro lo que Brasil puede hacer.

07:47Por ahora, ocho países de Europa

07:49están llamando a Brasil

07:50a considerar una capa

07:52en el número de niños que puede ser concebida

07:54de un donor.

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