00:00Rules and Regulations Followed in Criminal Cases
00:03Understanding your rights during criminal proceedings is essential if you are accused in a criminal case.
00:09This video provides crucial guidance based on the Criminal Procedure Law, Federal Decree Law No. 38-2022 and its amendments.
00:17In general, the presence of the accused is mandatory in criminal cases,
00:21except when the expected sentence does not involve imprisonment or deportation and is limited to fines.
00:27The accused may also be exempted from attending subsequent hearings if they appeared at the first hearing,
00:32were informed of the charges by the public prosecution, and agreed to face the trial.
00:37However, the court has the discretion to request the personal attendance of the accused at any time.
00:42If the accused cannot attend a hearing due to valid and justifiable reasons,
00:47they have the right to appoint a lawyer or a family member to present these reasons to the court
00:51and request a postponement of the hearing,
00:53under the provisions of Article 195 of the Criminal Procedure Law.
00:58The court may accept the reason and reschedule the hearing at its discretion.
01:02When the accused does appear in court, they should not be handcuffed or shackled,
01:06but must still be under necessary observation.
01:09The accused is entitled to attend the hearing unless their behavior causes disruption or disturbance.
01:15In such cases, the court has the discretionary power to remove the accused from the hearing.
01:19However, the accused must be informed and notified of all events that took place during their absence.
01:25The presence of the public prosecution at all hearings is mandatory,
01:29and the court must consider and rule on its requests.
01:32Throughout the criminal court proceedings,
01:34maintaining order and adhering to procedures is essential.
01:38If anyone in the courtroom disturbs the order,
01:41the judges have the right to direct their removal from the hearing.
01:43If the individual refuses to comply,
01:47the court has the authority to detain them for up to 24 hours and impose a fine.
01:52Most hearings are conducted in public unless the court decides to hold a closed session
01:56to protect certain interests or individuals from attending.
02:00At the start of the hearing, the accused and their lawyer, if appointed,
02:03will be asked to appear before the judge.
02:05The court may inquire about the accused's name, profession, nationality,
02:10and the charges they are facing.
02:12The public prosecution will then present its case.
02:15If a civil claim is filed by the victim in the criminal court,
02:18they will be given the opportunity to present their request.
02:22The accused will then be asked to respond to the charges and state whether they admit to them.
02:26If the accused pleads guilty,
02:28the court has the discretion to issue a judgment without hearing witnesses,
02:32unless the potential sentence includes the death penalty,
02:35in which case the court must complete the investigation process.
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