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California is home to some of the most dangerous and notorious prisons in the United States. From high-security facilities housing the most violent criminals to prisons plagued by gang violence and inhumane conditions, this video explores the 10 worst prisons in the state. We’ll take a deep dive into Pelican Bay, Corcoran, Salinas Valley, High Desert, Kern Valley, New Folsom, San Quentin, Tehachapi, Folsom, and Calipatria, uncovering their brutal environments, infamous inmates, and deadly histories. Watch to learn what makes these prisons some of the most feared in the country.
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00:00California is home to some of the most dangerous and notorious prisons in the United States.
00:05From gang violence and overcrowding to harsh conditions and infamous inmates,
00:09these facilities have gained a reputation for being some of the toughest places to serve time.
00:14In this video, we'll take a deep dive into the 10 worst prisons in California,
00:18exploring what makes them so brutal and why they continue to be feared by inmates and corrections
00:23officers alike. Number 1. Pelican Bay State Prison. California's most notorious supermax facility.
00:30Pelican Bay State Prison, PBSP, located in Crescent City, California,
00:34stands as one of the state's most infamous correctional institutions. Established in 1989,
00:40this supermax prison was designed to house California's most dangerous and high-risk inmates.
00:45The 275-acre facility, situated near the Oregon border, comprises multiple security levels,
00:52including general population GP, level 2 dormitories, and the controversial security housing unit SHU.
00:58Known as Skeleton Bay for its harsh conditions, Pelican Bay has long been associated with extreme
01:03isolation, gang violence, and allegations of systemic abuse. Prison structure and security
01:09measures. PBSP accommodates a wide range of inmates, from level 1 minimum security offenders to level 4
01:16maximum security prisoners. The prison SHU, built to segregate gang leaders and violent offenders,
01:21contains approximately 1,056 solitary confinement cells in an X-shaped cluster. Each 8-by-10-foot cell
01:28is devoid of windows, equipped only with a concrete bed, a steel combination sink and toilet, and minimal
01:34furnishings. SHU inmates are confined for 22.5 to 23 hours a day, with their only break being 90 minutes
01:41in a small, enclosed concrete yard. Other units include the Restrictive Custody General Population
01:47RCGP, a 96-bed high security unit allowing slightly more inmate interaction, and a level 1 minimum
01:54support facility housing low-risk inmates in dormitory-style units. Additionally, the facility
01:59operates a firehouse staffed by eight full-time inmate firefighters. Extreme conditions and solitary
02:05confinement. Pelican Bay's SHU has been widely criticized for the severe psychological impact of
02:10long-term solitary confinement. Numerous inmates have spent decades in complete isolation, with over
02:16500 prisoners exceeding 10 years in solitary and some surpassing 20 years. One inmate was infamously
02:23held in solitary for 40 years. The gang validation system has contributed to prolonged SHU confinement,
02:29with inmates placed in isolation indefinitely based on tattoos, artwork, books, or even Christmas cards
02:35that officials deemed contained hidden gang symbols. These extreme conditions sparked widespread protests,
02:41culminating in massive hunger strikes in 2011 and 2013, where thousands of inmates refused meals to
02:47demand humane treatment. In 2015, a landmark legal settlement led to California reforming its
02:53indefinite isolation policies, resulting in thousands of prisoners being reintegrated into the general
02:58population. Gang Influence and Violence
03:01Despite reforms, Pelican Bay remains a battleground for gang rivalries. The facility has historically
03:07housed key figures from major criminal organizations, including the Mexican Mafia,
03:12Nuestra Familia, the Aryan Brotherhood, and the Black Guerrilla Family. Stabbings, riots, and racial
03:18conflicts are common occurrences. One high-profile case underscoring the prison's violence was the
03:23October 2020 murder of inmate Joshua Curley, who was found dead in his cell. His cellmate, Jesse Rippey,
03:29was later discovered injured in the recreation yard, raising speculation of a fatal altercation.
03:35Additionally, past reports have alleged that some prison staff orchestrated gladiator fights,
03:40deliberately allowing rival inmates to engage in brutal combat before using force to break them up.
03:46Cases of excessive force, prisoner abuse, and allegations of staff colluding with gangs have
03:50further tainted the facility's reputation. Brutality and Notorious Legal Cases
03:55Shortly after opening in 1989, PBSP developed a reputation for brutality. Reports emerged of
04:03guards subjecting inmates to excessive force, including staged fights, beatings, and inhumane
04:08treatment. One infamous case involved Von Dortch, a mentally ill inmate subjected to a scalding hot
04:14bath by prison staff, causing severe second- and third-degree burns. Such incidents drew national
04:19media attention, culminating in the landmark 1995 Madrid v. Gomez case, where federal district court
04:26Judge Spilton Henderson ruled that Pelican Bay's use of excessive force and inadequate mental health
04:30treatment was unconstitutional. This forced some policy changes, but issues of violence and abuse
04:36persist. Hunger Strikes and Legal Reforms
04:39In 2011 and 2013, large-scale hunger strikes brought national attention to the prison's extreme
04:45isolation practices. Over 6,000 inmates statewide, including many from Pelican Bay, protested against
04:52the inhumane shoe conditions. The strikers demanded better food, weekly phone calls, and the
04:57reconsideration of indefinite solitary confinement placements. A 2013 hunger strike, which lasted over
05:04two months and involved nearly 29,000 prisoners across California, pushed lawmakers to examine Pelican
05:09Bay's solitary confinement policies. The protest culminated in legal battles, ultimately leading to a
05:152015 court settlement that reformed California's solitary confinement policies and prompted the release
05:21of numerous shoe inmates back into general population. The future of Pelican Bay. Pelican Bay State Prison
05:27remains a symbol of the challenges within the American penal system. From its early years of unchecked
05:33brutality to its role in national prison reform movements, the facility's legacy is still being
05:37written. While some progress has been made, the prison remains a high-security fortress where gang
05:43influence, violence, and harsh conditions dictate much of daily life. Whether Pelican Bay continues to be
05:49a stronghold of punitive confinement or transitions into a more rehabilitative facility will depend on the
05:54state's commitment to meaningful prison reform. For now, it remains one of the most notorious
05:59correctional facilities in the United States. Its name synonymous with isolation, gang warfare,
06:05and the struggle between punishment and rehabilitation. Number 2. California State Prison.
06:10Corcoran. A deep dive into one of California's most notorious institutions.
06:15California State Prison. Corcoran CSPCOR stands as one of the most infamous correctional facilities in the
06:21state, housing some of the most dangerous individuals in the prison system. Located in Kings County,
06:27California, CSPCOR is a multi-mission prison that caters to various security levels and specialized
06:33programs. This deep dive explores the prison's structure, notorious events, and notable individuals
06:39who have walked its corridors. Institution Overview and Security Levels. CSPCOR operates several
06:46distinct facilities designed to accommodate inmates based on their classification scores and security risks.
06:51These include. Level 1 General Population. This facility houses 728 inmates, with approximately 95% assigned
07:00permanent jobs, such as administration porters, maintenance, warehouse operations, and dairy farming.
07:06Level 3 General Population and Sensitive Needs Yard. Facilities include 3A and 3B, designed for inmates with
07:12classification scores of 3659. These buildings support Mental Health Services Delivery Systems MHSDS
07:19programs, including the Enhanced Outpatient Programme EOP and Correctional Clinical Case Management System
07:25CCCMS. The 3A facility also has provisions for mobility-impaired inmates. Level 4 General Population.
07:33Facilities 3B and 3C are designated for inmates with classification scores of 60 and above.
07:39These buildings house inmates with severe security risks and extensive criminal backgrounds.
07:44Administrative Segregation Unit ASU created to house inmates who pose risks to others or the
07:49institution. This unit provides court-mandated exercise, medical, and mental health care
07:54services while maintaining maximum security. Security Housing Unit SHU and Protective Housing Unit
07:59PHU Facilities 4A and 4B serve as SHU facilities, offering maximum security housing for inmates involved
08:06in gang activity or those requiring protection. These buildings are also home to the Debriefing Processing
08:12Unit DPU, where validated gang members renounce their affiliations in exchange for safer housing.
08:17Notorious events and figures at CSPCOR. CSPCOR is infamous for housing high-profile inmates,
08:24many of whom are linked to criminal organizations, including prison gangs and street-level syndicates.
08:30Additionally, it has witnessed some of the most violent incidents within the California prison system.
08:35Gang Conflicts and Racial Tensions. One of the most talked-about aspects of Corcoran is its history of
08:40violent encounters between gang factions. Notably, fights between the asterisk Norteños Asterisk and
08:46asterisk Serenios Asterisk, as well as clashes involving the Aryan Brotherhood and asterisk Mexican
08:52Mafia Asterisk, have shaped its legacy. Multiple riots have broken out, leading to serious injuries
08:58and fatalities. Many of these conflicts were exacerbated by correctional officers allegedly orchestrating
09:04gladiator-style fights. Charles Manson's infamous stay, Charles Manson, the mastermind behind the
09:101969 Tate LaBianca murders, was among Corcoran's most famous inmates. Known for his delusions and
09:16influence over his followers, Manson was housed here in various capacities. Reports suggest that
09:22Manson often spoke about his beliefs regarding Helter Skelter Asterisk, dismissing it as a fabricated
09:27narrative pushed by law enforcement. His fascination with mind control, the occult, and secret societies,
09:34such as the Freemasons, added layers to his enigmatic personality. Gladiator fights and corruption
09:39allegations. Corcoran's reputation took a significant hit when reports surfaced about correctional officers
09:45allegedly staging fights between inmates for entertainment and gambling purposes. These so-called
09:50gladiator matches led to severe beatings and multiple inmate deaths. Whistleblower accounts and
09:56investigative journalism have revealed that some officers were complicit in these setups,
10:00further highlighting the institution's deep-rooted issues with corruption. Corcoran's ongoing legacy,
10:06CSPCOR, remains a symbol of both extreme punishment and limited rehabilitation. While it houses dangerous
10:12inmates and enforces strict disciplinary measures, its history is marred by controversy, violence,
10:18and claims of institutional misconduct. The legacy of infamous inmates, coupled with its role in
10:23California's prison system, ensures that Corcoran will continue to be discussed for years to come.
10:29As the prison continues to evolve, the focus remains on managing security risks while offering
10:34structured opportunities for inmates to reintegrate into society. However, for many housed within its
10:39walls, CSPCOR represents a final stop in a long journey through California's criminal justice system.
10:463. Salinas Valley State Prison
10:48A high-security facility with a dark reputation. Salinas Valley State Prison
10:53SVSP is a high-security correctional facility operated by the California Department of Corrections
10:59and Rehabilitation, CDCR. Located in Soledad, California, approximately 20 miles southeast of
11:06Salinas, the prison sits near the scenic central coast. Despite its surroundings, SVSP is known for its
11:12dangerous environment, housing some of the most violent offenders in the state.
11:16Overview and Mission
11:18SVSP spans 300 acres and was established in May 1996. As of January 31, 2023, the facility holds 2,934
11:28inmates, exceeding its intended capacity of 2,452 and operating at 119.7% capacity. The prison is
11:37managed by Warden Trent Allen and comprises multiple security levels, with Level 1, 3, and IB inmates housed
11:43across different facilities. A facility marked by violence. Despite these rehabilitative efforts,
11:50SVSP has a reputation as one of the most violent correctional institutions in California. With 637
11:56documented use of force incidents in a year, an average of 1.74 incidents per day, this facility
12:03stands out as a hotspot for inmate violence. In 2022, SVSP recorded 19 deaths, though not all were
12:10homicides. That same year, prison staff were also targets of violence. On June 27, 2022,
12:17two correctional officers were stabbed during a routine cell search. The suspect, Carlos Partomo,
12:23was serving a life sentence without parole for two counts of first-degree murder. The officers were
12:28transported to a hospital for treatment. Facilities and Inmate Housing
12:32Overcrowding, SVSP comprises five main facilities, A, B, C, D, and M. Facilities A, D, and M. House
12:40Sensitive Needs Yard, SNY, inmates. The surrounding housing units accommodate Level 3 and IB inmates,
12:47the highest security classifications in California's prison system. Facility M serves as a Level 1 yard,
12:53holding approximately 200 inmates. Overcrowding has been an ongoing issue at SVSP, forcing the repurposing
13:00of spaces. At one point, a gymnasium was converted into a dormitory due to high inmate population
13:06numbers, though it was later shut down in 2008 after population reductions. Notable inmates,
13:12SVSP has housed several high-profile criminals, including serial killers, gang members, and notorious
13:18figures from different backgrounds. Some of the most well-known inmates include Terry Childs,
13:23serial killer. Ariel Minor, convicted of murdering the wife of music executive Clarence Avant.
13:30Timothy McGee, notorious gang member and serial killer. Robert Pyrnick, engineer convicted of
13:36killing his wife. Hans Reiser, Linux kernel programmer convicted of murder. Efren Saldivar,
13:42former respiratory therapist turned serial killer. Antrin Singleton, American rap artist.
13:47Roy Charles Waller, serial rapist. SVSP remains a facility that balances stringent security measures
13:54with opportunities for rehabilitation. However, its high number of violent incidents,
13:58overcrowded conditions, and the presence of dangerous offenders solidify its status as one
14:03of California's most formidable prisons. Number 4. High Desert State Prison. A deep dive
14:09into California's notorious facility. Located in Susanville, California, High Desert State Prison,
14:15HDSP, is a high-security correctional facility managed by the California Department of Corrections and
14:21Rehabilitation, CDCR. Opened in 1995, HDSP has gained a formidable reputation due to its history,
14:29security measures, and troubling incidents. While the facility was designed to rehabilitate and house
14:34some of the most challenging inmates within the California prison system, reports of violence,
14:39high-profile inmates, and internal investigations have made HDSP a subject of ongoing discussion and
14:45scrutiny. Overview and structure. HDSP is situated in Levitt, Lassen County, approximately 8 miles east
14:52of Susanville and about 90 minutes northwest of Reno, Nevada. It shares its location with other
14:57correctional institutions, including the California Correctional Center, which closed in June 2023,
15:03and the federal correctional institution, Herlong. With a design capacity of 2,324 inmates,
15:10HDSP currently operates at approximately 89.6 percent capacity, housing 2,083 inmates as of
15:17January 2023. The prison's facilities are designed to accommodate different levels of incarceration
15:22security, including, Level 4 Maximum Security, housing high-risk inmates with violent histories,
15:30Level 3 Medium Security, inmates with fewer restrictions but still requiring a secure environment.
15:35Correctional Treatment Center, CTC, a 35-bed facility dedicated to inmates needing specialized
15:42health care and mental health treatment. Sensitive Needs Yard, SNY, a designated area for inmates
15:48requiring protective custody, including former gang members and individuals vulnerable to attacks
15:53from the general population. Electrified Perimeter Security, a fully electrified fence surrounds HDSP's
16:00level 3 and IV facilities, ensuring that escapes are virtually impossible. History and Development
16:06The concept of HDSP originated in the early 1990s when the CDC identified a need for additional high
16:13security inmate housing. The prison was constructed on the grounds of the California Correctional Center
16:18to take advantage of state-owned land and minimize infrastructure costs. Construction began on July 14,
16:241993, with a massive budget of $240 million. By 1995, HDSP opened, and its first inmates arrived in
16:33September of that year. In its early years, HDSP operated both Level 3 and Level 4 housing units.
16:40Over time, its classification system evolved to meet departmental needs. 1996. A 200-bed reception
16:48center was created but later converted into Level 3 General Population, GP, in 2012.
16:531997. A Level 3 270 design facility was converted into a Level 4 General Population yard.
17:012007. A Level 4 270 design GP facility was converted into a sensitive needs yard, SNY.
17:09The American Correctional Association granted HDSP accreditation in 2013. Despite this recognition,
17:16the prison has faced considerable challenges, from increasing violence to allegations of inmate abuse.
17:21Controversies and violence. HDSP is known for its history of violence and allegations of misconduct.
17:28In 2022, six homicides were recorded within the prison, an alarming statistic that highlighted the
17:34dangerous environment within its walls. The reputation of HDSP has been shaped by such incidents,
17:40contributing to its notoriety among California's prison facilities. In 2015, the Office of the Inspector
17:46General conducted a six-month investigation following complaints of misconduct by correctional officers
17:51and allegations of prisoner abuse. The report noted systemic issues, including improper housing
17:57placements that put inmates at risk. A lack of proper oversight, with staff reportedly discouraged
18:02from reporting misconduct. Frequent turnover in management, with seven wardens in eight years.
18:08The prison's isolation in Northern California has also led to an insular culture among prison staff,
18:13further complicating reform efforts. Notable inmates. HDSP has housed several high-profile criminals over
18:20the years, including Terry Peter Rasmussen, infamous serial killer, known as the Bear Brook killer,
18:26who died in the prison in 2010. Joe Sun, actor from Austin Powers and convicted rapist.
18:32Joseph Fiorella, convicted in the murder of Elise Poller. Kalon Walker, actor in the film Superfly,
18:38convicted of multiple sexual assault charges. Impact on Susanville and Lassen County.
18:44The economy of Susanville is deeply tied to the presence of HDSP and other correctional institutions.
18:50At one point, nearly half of the adult workforce in the town was employed in prison-related jobs,
18:55making the industry a cornerstone of the local economy. The 2007 documentary Prison Town,
19:01USA explored how the prison system affects the daily lives of Susanville residents.
19:05With the closure of the neighboring California Correctional Center, there is uncertainty about
19:10the future employment landscape in Lassen County. Despite this, HDSP remains operational,
19:17continuing to provide jobs while maintaining its role in California's correctional system.
19:21High Desert State Prison stands as one of California's most formidable correctional institutions,
19:27housing some of the state's most high-risk inmates. While it provides critical vocational,
19:31educational, and rehabilitative programs, the prison has also been marred by violence,
19:36controversy, and allegations of systemic abuse. Its remote location, history of high-profile
19:42criminal activity, and deep economic ties to the Susanville community make HDSP a complex and
19:48significant component of California's penal system. 5. Kern Valley State Prison, also known as New
19:54Delano. A high-security facility with a troubled history. Overview of Kern Valley State Prison,
20:00KBSP, Kern Valley State Prison, KBSP, is a maximum security facility located in Delano, California.
20:08Opened in June 2005, it is a level 4 institution housing some of the most high-risk inmates in the
20:14state. The prison spans 600 acres and includes four semi-autonomous high-security yards, two standalone
20:20administrative segregation units, ASU, and a level 1 minimum support facility. The facility is surrounded
20:27by a lethal electrified perimeter fence, underscoring its status as one of the most secure prisons in the
20:32California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, CDCR, system. KBSP has long been a focal point for
20:40discussions on prison security, gang violence, and correctional staff safety. It shares its location in
20:46Kern County with multiple other prison facilities, making the area one of the highest concentrated prison
20:51zones in the world. The facility was built to accommodate 2,448 inmates, but as of January 31,
20:582023, it operated at nearly 100% capacity, housing 2,431 inmates. However, in July 2022,
21:08KBSP's population had exceeded its designed limit, incarcerating 2,907 individuals, 118.7% of its
21:16capacity. The prison has an annual operating budget of $123 million and is managed by warden Christian
21:23Pfeiffer. Violence and security threats at KBSP. Despite its high security infrastructure, KBSP has
21:30been plagued by violent incidents, including deadly inmate altercations and attacks on correctional
21:35officers. In 2022 alone, 12 inmates lost their lives due to violent incidents at the facility.
21:41One such incident occurred on June 2022, when Hector Jimenez was attacked in the day room by
21:47inmates Adrian Garola and Esteban Seja. Armed with makeshift weapons, the attackers fatally
21:53wounded Jimenez at approximately 7.18pm. Despite immediate intervention, Jimenez was pronounced
21:59deceased by 7.27pm. Another case involved Abraham Morales, a 37-year-old inmate who was found
22:06unresponsive in his cell, which he shared with Charles Ramirez. The discovery was made during
22:11a routine security check, and despite life-saving efforts, Morales was pronounced dead an hour later.
22:17Similarly, prison officials were called to investigate the killing of Sidney Kong,
22:22a 31-year-old inmate who was fatally attacked in the recreational yard by Anthony Ramirez,
22:2740, and Michael Caldera, 35. The attack involved inmate manufactured weapons and is being treated as a
22:33homicide investigation. Violence at KVSP has also resulted in injuries and fatalities among
22:39correctional officers. One of the most brutal attacks occurred in April 2018, when Officer Armando
22:45Gallegos and another correctional officer were assaulted by 12 inmates inside a dormitory.
22:50Gallegos suffered severe injuries, including a broken vertebra, a concussion, and facial trauma.
22:56After months of battling these injuries under medical care, Gallegos tragically passed away,
23:01leaving behind his wife, Irma. Staff corruption and smuggling of contraband
23:06Beyond violence, KVSP has faced internal challenges, including staff misconduct.
23:12One notable case involved Shay Sampson, a former CDCR officer charged with three felonies and a
23:17misdemeanor for allegedly accepting bribes in exchange for smuggling contraband,
23:22including cell phones and illicit substances, into the prison. Her case highlights the persistent
23:27issue of corruption within the correctional system, as illicit items often exacerbate existing gang
23:32rivalries and violence. Historical Gang Conflicts
23:35Kern Valley has also been the scene of notorious gang conflicts. In 2009, a large-scale riot erupted
23:42between rival Hispanic gangs, the Nortinos and Sareños, leading to severe injuries and structural
23:47damages within the facility. Due to ongoing tensions, prison officials eventually made the decision to
23:53relocate all Nortino inmates, completing their transfer four years later in 2013. Since then,
23:59KVSP has managed to stabilize, though occasional conflicts still arise between different gang factions.
24:06Inmate Deaths and Investigations
24:08KVSP continues to experience frequent incidents that result in loss of life.
24:13For instance, Juan Mendoza, 26, was discovered unresponsive in his cell, where he was housed with
24:19Jorge L. Mendoza. The cause of death was ruled as homicide due to visible signs of injury.
24:25This marked yet another tragic event contributing to the prison's reputation as a dangerously violent
24:30institution. Notable inmates, several high-profile criminals are incarcerated at KVSP, including,
24:37Juan Manuel Alvarez, G33008, serving 11 life sentences without parole for his role in the 2005 Glendale train
24:45crash. Alvarez intentionally left his vehicle on the train tracks, leading to a derailment that
24:50resulted in the deaths of 11 individuals. Entrant Singleton, B24953, also known as Big Lurch,
24:58a former rapper serving a life sentence for a grisly crime involving the murder of his roommate.
25:04Future Outlook for Kern Valley State Prison
25:06KVSP remains one of California's most notorious and scrutinized correctional facilities.
25:11With continuous inmate violence, high-profile deaths, and security concerns, prison officials
25:17face an ongoing struggle to maintain order. While improvements in inmate management and stricter
25:22oversight of staff have been implemented, cases like Officer Gallego's death and corruption scandals
25:27reveal that much work is still needed. Efforts to curb violence include enhanced security measures,
25:33better surveillance systems, and more stringent protocols on inmate interactions. However,
25:38given the deep-rooted gang presence within KVSP, conflicts remain an ever-present risk. Additionally,
25:44the CDCR continues to face pressure to improve inmate conditions and prevent fatalities within its
25:50system. Kern Valley State Prison stands as a testament to the complexities of California's
25:55correctional system. It serves as both a maximum security institution housing the state's most dangerous
26:00inmates and a facility with persistent security risks. The ongoing violence, high-profile cases,
26:06and challenges in maintaining order illustrate the harsh realities within the prison walls.
26:11With continued oversight and reform efforts, the hope remains that KVSP can transition into a
26:16facility where security, safety, and rehabilitation co-exist more effectively.
26:226. California State Prison, Sacramento also known as New Folsom. A notorious high-security
26:28facility and its violent history. Overview and History of California State Prison, Sacramento.
26:34California State Prison, Sacramento, CSPSAC, commonly referred to as New Folsom,
26:39is one of the most high-security prisons in the state. Located adjacent to Folsom State Prison in
26:45Sacramento County, CSPSAC was originally opened in October 1986 as an extension of Folsom before
26:51becoming a separate facility in 1992. Today, it houses some of the most dangerous inmates in California,
26:58serving primarily as a Level 4 institution designed to manage individuals requiring heightened security
27:03measures, specialized mental health programs, and medical care for high-risk offenders.
27:08With a design capacity of 1,828 inmates, the prison currently operates at nearly full capacity,
27:14with a fluctuating population of around 1,585 inmates. The prison consists of 24 high-security
27:22housing units, a standalone administrative segregation unit, and a minimum support facility, MSF.
27:28It features multiple levels of security classifications, from dormitory-style minimum
27:33security housing to heavily fortified Level 4 housing blocks equipped with electronic security
27:37and an extensive armed guard presence. Notably, CSPSAC was the first California prison to be accredited by
27:44the American Correctional Association in 2012, earning a 98.6% score. A hotbed for violence and riots.
27:52Over the years, CSPSAC has developed a reputation for frequent violence, prison riots, and organized
27:58gang activity. Given the concentration of high-risk offenders, incidents involving large-scale fights,
28:04stabbings, and targeted attacks have occurred regularly. One such significant event was a major
28:09riot on May 20, 2011, where approximately 150 inmates engaged in a large-scale melee. Two prisoners
28:16suffered multiple stab wounds, requiring treatment at an outside hospital. Similarly, in August 2015,
28:23Hugo Penel, a member of the infamous San Quentin 6, was killed in yet another violent outbreak. Before that,
28:30a riot involving 150 inmates in September 1996 resulted in the death of one prisoner after 17 gunshots were
28:37fired by prison officers. These violent incidents underscore the level of tension and organized
28:42criminal activity that persists at CSPSAC. The murder of Michael Mosca Torres, a Mexican Mafia
28:49power struggle. One of the most high-profile murders at CSPSAC occurred on July 6, 2023, when Michael Mosca
28:56Torres, a key figure within the Mexican Mafia, was fatally stabbed inside the prison by fellow inmates Juan
29:02Martinez, 47, and Ray Cisco Martinez, 49. Although unrelated by blood, both assailants were believed
29:09to be connected to the same criminal organization, raising suspicions that the attacks stemmed from
29:14internal power struggles within the Mexican Mafia. Torres, aged 59 at the time of his death, was known as a
29:21significant moneymaker for the Mexican Mafia, controlling various operations including drug trafficking,
29:26fraud, robbery, and extortion inside and outside of the prison system. He had strong financial
29:32interests in the San Fernando Valley and had been linked to major drug distribution networks.
29:37In 2019, Torres was one of the few Mexican Mafia members indicted in a sweeping federal case that
29:42targeted both the Mexican Mafia and the Aryan Brotherhood. Prosecutors accused him of conspiring with
29:48the Aryan Brotherhood to distribute controlled substances inside prisons while also engaging in extensive
29:53criminal enterprises. Authorities believed his assassination was a strategic move by rival
29:58factions within the Mexican Mafia looking to take control of illicit operations. Court records indicate
30:04that Torres had previously fought against being placed in administrative segregation, filing multiple
30:09legal motions requesting his return to the general population. He argued that his restrictive
30:14housing impeded his ability to defend himself in legal battles, citing concerns over claustrophobia due to
30:20his windowless cell. However, federal prosecutors countered that Torres posed a severe risk to others,
30:26revealing that he had been caught with a handcuffed key and corresponded about illicit dealings in prison,
30:31particularly involving narcotics distribution. The attack on Torres, carried out in the prison yard
30:37during daylight hours, was swift and brutal. Officers responded immediately, but by the time Torres was
30:43extracted from the scene, he had sustained multiple fatal wounds. Authorities later confirmed that the
30:48attack involved gang-affiliated motivations and continued to investigate the broader implications within
30:53Mexican Mafia leadership circles. The 2025 murder of Mario Campbell
30:59Most recently, on January 15, 2025, another violent homicide rocked CSP SAC when Mario Campbell, 36,
31:07was attacked by inmates Cody R. Taylor and David M. Gomez in the main exercise yard. Prison staff responded
31:13promptly, deploying chemical agents to break up the altercation. Despite receiving immediate medical
31:19attention and being transported to an outside hospital, Campbell succumbed to his injuries at 6.27
31:24pm. Campbell had been incarcerated since 2009, serving a life sentence for multiple violent crimes,
31:31including first-degree burglary, first-degree robbery, assault with a firearm, sexual battery,
31:37and false imprisonment. Investigators later recovered three improvised weapons from the scene of the attack,
31:43underscoring the constant threat of violence inside the facility. Both attackers were placed
31:47in restricted housing as an investigation commenced. Authorities reported that they were examining whether
31:52the murder had links to prison gang politics or a personal dispute. Officials from the Office of the
31:58Inspector General and the Sacramento County Coroner were notified, as the case remains under review.
32:03Notable inmates at CSP SAC. Over the years, CSP SAC has housed several high-profile inmates,
32:10including, Eric Menendez, one half of the infamous Menendez brothers, were convicted of murdering their
32:15wealthy parents in 1989. John Lee Cowell, convicted of the 2018 murder of Nia Wilson. One L Goh,
32:23perpetrator of the 2012 Oikos University shooting. Spoon Jackson, convicted murderer and poet,
32:30known for his literary work while incarcerated. Joe Hunt, founder of the Billionaire Boys Club,
32:36serving a life sentence for the murder of Ron Levin. Ramon Escobar, serial killer responsible for
32:42multiple homicides. Roy Charles Waller, serial rapist convicted of attacking multiple victims.
32:48California State Prison. Sacramento remains one of the most volatile institutions within the state prison
32:53system, consistently making headlines due to high-profile criminal activity, brutal homicides,
32:58and internal gang warfare. As a facility designed to house some of the most dangerous criminals,
33:04CSP SAC operates in a constant state of heightened security, yet continues to struggle with outbreaks
33:09of extreme violence. Whether stemming from long-standing gang rivalries or individual disputes,
33:14the cycle of prison-related homicides and organized crime within CSP SAC showcases the relentless power
33:20struggles behind bars. Number 7. San Quentin State Prison. California's oldest and most notorious
33:26penitentiary. San Quentin Rehabilitation Center, formerly known as San Quentin State Prison, is one of
33:32California's most historic and controversial correctional facilities. Established in 1852, it has
33:39long been associated with severe overcrowding, violence, and capital punishment. However, recent reforms have
33:45begun transforming its identity into one centered on rehabilitation rather than punishment. Governor
33:50Gavin Newsom's 2023 announcement to repurpose the facility signals a shift towards preparing
33:55incarcerated individuals for successful reintegration into society. Founding and historical significance,
34:01San Quentin stands on land historically named Puenta de Quentin, after Native American Chief Quentin,
34:07Quentin. Originally, prisoners were confined aboard the ship Waban before the state secured land in Marin
34:13County for a permanent institution. Its construction commenced on October 12, 1852, cementing its place
34:20as California's oldest prison. Initially managed by private contractors, San Quentin became infamous for
34:26corruption, extreme disciplinary measures and harsh conditions. These abuses prompted the state to take
34:32control in 1858. Inmates suffered through areas of flogging, overcrowding, and labor exploitation. Wardens like
34:40J.P. Ames and James A. Johnston later introduced reforms, including the abolishment of corporal
34:45punishment, medical care expansion, and the founding of San Quentin News, an inmate-run newspaper providing
34:51prisoners a voice. Facility and Population
34:54The 432-acre facility sits just north of the Golden Gate Bridge. It consists of four primary housing units,
35:01west, south, north, and east blocks, alongside restricted housing in the adjustment center,
35:07a central healthcare services building, and dormitories for lower security individuals.
35:12With a design capacity of 3,084, it has often held thousands more, exacerbating tensions among the
35:18incarcerated population, which includes general inmates, enhanced outpatient participants, and those
35:24under CCCMS programs. Violence and Gang Politics
35:28San Quentin has housed some of the state's most dangerous figures and witnessed some of the most notorious
35:33gang conflicts. The prison's intricate internal politics are dominated by affiliations dictating
35:38respect codes and unwritten laws. Individuals refusing to abide by these rules often suffer
35:44grave consequences. Inmate Charles Smith, incarcerated for over three decades, described life inside,
35:50there's a layer of smoke in the air from people smoking, little papers floating around, and strings
35:55carrying contraband between cells. These circumstances illustrate the daily chaos, from gambling debts to
36:01sudden violent outbursts sparked by minor infractions. During its most violent decades in the 1960s and
36:081970s, the prison was a hotspot for riots and escape attempts. Native American inmates once refused to
36:14intervene in a racial dispute, understanding that such matters must be resolved among the involved parties.
36:20This dynamic remains a reality within the institution, where survival often hinges on strategic
36:25alliances and caution. San Quentin's role in capital punishment. For much of its history, San Quentin
36:32functioned as California's primary site for executions. The prison shifted from hangings to
36:37gas chamber executions before adopting lethal injection. High-profile inmates have faced their
36:42final sentences within these walls, contributing to the prison's reputation as the epicenter of capital
36:47punishment in the state. Though executions in California have been suspended, the facility still
36:52houses hundreds on death row, raising questions about its long-term viability in the age of criminal
36:58justice reform. San Quentin remains a controversial institution. While many see it as an inescapable
37:04relic of California's troubled carceral history, others view it as an opportunity for second chances.
37:09As rehabilitation takes center stage, the true test will be whether this ambitious vision leads to real
37:15change for those within its walls. In the end, San Quentin's legacy will depend not just on policy changes,
37:21but on the success of those who walk out its gates ready for a fresh start.
37:25Number 8 Inside California Correctional Institution CCI Tehachapi
37:29History, Facilities and Operations
37:32California Correctional Institution CCI, commonly referred to as Tehachapi Prison,
37:37is a supermax state prison located in Tehachapi, California. Managed by the California Department of
37:43Corrections and Rehabilitation CDCR, CCI serves as a critical part of the state's correctional system,
37:49housing a variety of security levels from minimum to supermax. A legacy of transformation,
37:54from women's prison to high security facility. CCI's origins trace back to 1932 when it opened
38:01as the California Institution for Women, marking the state's first correctional facility dedicated
38:06to incarcerated women. However, a devastating earthquake in 1952 rendered the facility structurally
38:12unsafe, leading to its closure. The following year, the women's prison was relocated to Corona,
38:18and in 1954, the site was repurposed to house male inmates under the newly established California
38:24Correctional Institution. Throughout the 1980s, significant expansion took place, with new maximum
38:30security and high-medium custody facilities built in 1985 and 1986. These additions were considered
38:36state-of-the-art at the time, however, the high costs and delays in construction led some to label it as
38:42a white elephant or a Cadillac of prisons. Despite the controversy, CCI became a pivotal institution
38:48in California's penal system. In 2021, adjustments were made to the facility's operations, leading to
38:54the deactivation of its original minimum security unit due to a statewide decline in minimum custody
38:59inmates. Facility overview, housing, security, and programs. Situated in the Cummings Valley region,
39:06CCI spans an impressive 1,650 acres, featuring multiple security levels tailored to the needs
39:13and classifications of its inmates. The facility includes, Level 1 housing. Open dormitories within
39:19a secure perimeter. Level 2 housing. Open dormitories with secure perimeter fencing and armed coverage.
39:26Level 3 housing. Individual cells, fenced perimeters, and armed security presence. Level 4 housing.
39:33The highest security level, featuring cells, heavily secured perimeters, advanced electronic security,
39:39and an increased staff presence both inside and outside the facility. Security housing unit SHU.
39:45The most secure area within Level 4, designed for inmates requiring maximum security restrictions.
39:51Reception center RC. Short-term housing where new inmates are classified and evaluated.
39:57As of January 31, 2023, CCI housed 2,611 inmates, exceeding its design capacity of 2,172, placing it at 120.2%
40:09occupancy. Historical significance and pop culture references. CCI has had a notable presence in history
40:16and pop culture. In its early years as a women's facility, it was referenced in classic films such as
40:22the Maltese Falcon and Double Indemnity, where characters spoke of being sent to Tehachapi.
40:27Additionally, in 2007, during the devastating California wildfires, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger
40:33deployed inmate firefighters, including those from CCI, to assist in fire suppression efforts,
40:39showcasing the facility's role beyond incarceration. The California Correctional Institution in Tehachapi
40:45stands as a multi-faceted correctional facility that has evolved significantly since its inception.
40:50From its roots as the first women's prison in California to its current status as a high-security
40:55men's institution, CCI continues to play a vital role in the state's prison system. Despite challenges
41:01such as overcrowding and evolving correctional policies, it remains committed to balancing security
41:06with rehabilitation, providing incarcerated individuals with opportunities for growth while
41:11maintaining public safety. 9. Folsom State Prison
41:14also known as Old Folsom, a legacy of incarceration, escape attempts, and cultural impact.
41:20The Origins and Construction of Folsom State Prison Folsom State Prison, FSP, located in Folsom,
41:27California, is the second oldest prison in the state and one of the most notorious correctional
41:32facilities in the United States. Established in 1880, it was designed to house California's most
41:38hardened criminals. Built on the site of the Stony Bar Mining Camp along the American River,
41:43Folsom was initially intended to hold 1,800 inmates, who were confined to four by eight-foot
41:48stone cells sealed by thick steel doors. These conditions left inmates in near-total darkness
41:54until the 1940s when small air holes were drilled into the doors to allow for ventilation.
41:59Folsom was also groundbreaking in infrastructure. It became the first prison in the world to have
42:04electric power, generated by California's first hydroelectric plant. Prisoners were forced into hard
42:10labor, particularly in the granite quarry, which provided materials for the foundation of the
42:14state capitol building and several early California roads. By 1947, Folsom became synonymous with
42:21manufacturing California's license plates, a tradition that continues today. Executions at Folsom
42:27Between 1895 and 1937, Folsom was one of California's two main execution sites, along with San Quentin.
42:34In total, 93 prisoners were executed by hanging at Folsom. The first was Chen Hain on December 13,
42:411895, for the alleged murder of Li Gong, a case that remained controversial due to conflicting
42:47testimonies. While many records list only 92 executions, official prison archives confirm that
42:53the correct number is 93. After 1937, all executions in California were moved to San Quentin's gas chamber,
43:01marking the end of Folsom's role as a death row facility. Overcrowding and the expansion of Folsom
43:06prison. As time passed, overcrowding became a persistent issue. By 2009, the prison population
43:13had skyrocketed to 4,427 inmates, well beyond its intended capacity. As of April 30, 2020, Folsom's
43:21men's facility was operating at 130.4% capacity, with 2,694 inmates. Additionally, the prison housed one of the
43:30largest inmate populations in the country within Unit 1, which alone held nearly 1,200 inmates in four
43:36five-tiered sections. Recognizing the need for additional space, Folsom opened a separate women's
43:42facility in 2013, making it the northernmost women's prison in California. The facility housed primarily
43:48low-risk female inmates and had a capacity for 403 prisoners, 25% of whom were Hispanic. However, during the
43:56COVID-19 pandemic, the facility was permanently closed, with inmates either transferred to other
44:01institutions or released. The Folsom Prison Cemetery. Located on a hillside near Folsom Dam, the Folsom
44:08Prison Cemetery serves as the final resting place for inmates who died while incarcerated. Originally,
44:14grave markers only displayed numbers instead of names, but in 2018, the El Dorado Hills Genealogical
44:20Society undertook an initiative to properly identify those buried there. Folsom's most daring escape
44:26attempts. As one of America's first maximum security prisons, Folsom has seen numerous escape attempts,
44:32some of which became legendary. 1920. The prison train escaped. Three convicts hijacked a prison train
44:39and smashed it through the gates in a dramatic but ultimately unsuccessful escape attempt. 1927.
44:44Thanksgiving Day riot. On November 24, a violent escape attempt left 14 people dead, including a
44:51prison guard and inmate George Baker. Roy the Rat Stokes, one of the escapees, was convicted of
44:57first-degree murder and executed on January 3, 1930. 1932. The dummy escape. Inmate Matthew Harris fooled
45:05guards by creating a lifelike dummy using his own hair and plaster of Paris. His escape was discovered
45:11only during the next headcount. 1932. The homemade diving suit attempt. Carl Rees attempted to swim
45:18to freedom using a makeshift diving suit made from a football bladder and a goggle lens. However,
45:23his breathing tube was too short, and he drowned in the mill pond. 1937. The warden assassination. On
45:31September 19, seven inmates attacked and fatally stabbed warden Clarence Larkin and officer Harry Martin.
45:361937. The leader of the attack was executed in December 1938 along with four other participants.
45:421937. The FBI's most wanted escape. Glenn Stewart Godwin, a convicted murderer, cut through a fence,
45:50crawled 750 feet through a storm drain, and floated down the American river on a raft. He was captured in
45:56Mexico in 1991 but later escaped from a Guadalajara prison and remains at large.
46:012010. The most recent escape. On October 19, 2010, Jeffrey William Howard and Garrett Daniel
46:08Summit escaped from Folsom's minimum security unit. They were recaptured soon after Folsom Prison's
46:15influence on popular culture. Johnny Cash and the iconic concert. Folsom State Prison gained
46:20worldwide recognition through Johnny Cash's 1955 song Folsom Prison Blues, which depicted a fictional
46:26outlaw lamenting his incarceration. The song became a defining piece of Cash's career.
46:31Culminating in his legendary live performance at Folsom on January 13, 1968. The concert,
46:38held in the prison cafeteria, was recorded as the album Asterisk at Folsom Prison Asterisk,
46:43featuring the hit single Folsom Prison Blues. The album topped the country music charts for
46:48four weeks and remained on the pop album charts for an astounding 122 weeks. Cash later reflected that
46:54the inmates at Folsom were the most enthusiastic audience I ever played for. A 40th anniversary
47:00tribute concert was planned for January 13, 2008, featuring Cash's original drummer, W.S. Fluke Holland,
47:06but was ultimately cancelled due to security concerns and media restrictions.
47:11Los Tigres del Norte, a new era of musical tribute. In 2018, to mark the 50th anniversary of Johnny Cash's
47:18historic performance, the legendary Norteño band Los Tigres del Norte performed for inmates at Folsom,
47:24including those in the now-closed women's facility. The concert was recorded for a Netflix special
47:29released in September 2019, ensuring that Folsom's place in music history remained intact.
47:35Folsom State Prison has endured as a symbol of both America's harsh penal system and the potential
47:40for rehabilitation. From its early days of stone cells and executions to its legendary escape attempts
47:46and musical legacy, the prison remains one of the most infamous correctional institutions in the United
47:51States. Despite its violent past, Folsom has also been a place of reform, with vocational programs,
47:57education initiatives, and historical significance that continue to shape its evolving legacy.
48:0310. Calipatria State Prison
48:05A complex institution of security and history. Calipatria State Prison, Cal, located in Calipatria,
48:12California, is a male-only state prison under the jurisdiction of the California Department of
48:16Corrections and Rehabilitation. The facility, situated 184 feet below sea level, the lowest
48:23elevation of any prison in the Western Hemisphere, houses both minimum and maximum security inmates.
48:29Opened in 1992, Calipatria remains a significant part of California's prison system,
48:34accommodating approximately 2,500 inmates despite a design capacity of 2,308. The prison spans 1,227.5
48:44acres, with the secure facility itself occupying 300 acres. With an annual budget of $123 million
48:51as of 2006, Calipatria employs over 1,000 personnel. It offers educational and vocational
48:57programs to inmates while maintaining one of the highest security levels in the state. Over 2,000 of
49:03its housing units are designated as level 4 maximum security, with the remainder classified as level 1
49:08minimum security. Security and incidents As a high-security institution, Calipatria has
49:14experienced numerous violent incidents over the years. The prison has been known for gang-related
49:19violence, overcrowding, and tensions among inmates and staff. One of the most notorious incidents occurred
49:25on July 10, 2016, when a riot broke out in Facility C's maximum security yard. 22 inmates engaged in
49:33simultaneous fights across two areas of the yard. Most inmates complied when correctional officers
49:38ordered them to stop, but two individuals continued attacking a third inmate with inmate-manufactured
49:43weapons. Officers recovered four such weapons after the altercation. The victim, a 54-year-old man
49:50serving a life sentence for first-degree murder and second-degree robbery from Los Angeles County,
49:55sustained multiple puncture wounds to his abdomen, chest, head, and back. He was transported to an
50:01outside hospital but succumbed to his injuries at 11 a.m. that same day. A second inmate,
50:06a 25-year-old admitted for attempted murder in 2015, also suffered puncture wounds but survived
50:12after being airlifted to a nearby hospital. No correctional officers were harmed in the riot.
50:18The prison's investigative services unit launched an inquiry into the incident, with assistance from
50:22the Imperial Valley District Attorney's Office. Another violent episode took place in August 2005,
50:28when Calipatria experienced one of its most severe riots. This uprising left 25 inmates
50:34and 25 staff members injured. The situation escalated to the point where a correctional officer
50:39was forced to use a Ruger Mini-14 semi-automatic rifle, fatally shooting an inmate to restore order.
50:46Officials later identified the conflict as involving gang-affiliated inmates, historical challenges and
50:51notable inmates. Since its opening, Calipatria has faced various issues, including double-selling,
50:57psychological stress among inmates, staffing shortages, and gang-related violence. In 1995,
51:04a brutal assault saw five inmates attacking eight correctional officers, marking one of the most severe
51:09attacks on prison staff in California at the time. Notable individuals incarcerated at Calipatria include
51:15Angelo Buono Jr., 1934-2002, one of the infamous, Hillside Stranglers, a serial killer who terrorized
51:23Los Angeles in the late 1970s. He died in Calipatria from a massive heart attack in 2002.
51:30James Fagon, accomplice of convicted murderer Larissa Schuster. Alexander Hernandez, convicted
51:36serial killer. Chaser Fernando Limas, convicted of a brutal triple homicide. Jose Luis Orozco, sentenced
51:44to death for the 2005 murder of Los Angeles Deputy Sheriff Jerry Ortiz. Herbert Peanut Tom, convicted for a
51:51fatal 1998 drive by shooting in Calexico, California. Environmental conditions and infrastructure.
51:57Calipatria's desert-like climate poses additional challenges. The summer months bring temperatures as
52:02high as 118 degrees Fahrenheit, and the area is pervaded by the strong odor of cow manure from nearby
52:08cattle feedlots. Despite these conditions, Calipatria remains one of California's primary maximum
52:14security facilities. Originally constructed with an electrified fence capable of instantaneously stopping
52:20escape attempts. The prison faced unforeseen complications when local wildlife, particularly
52:25birds, were electrocuted. An ornithologist was hired to help redesign the system to mitigate these
52:31unintended deaths. Calipatria State Prison remains a focal point in California's correctional system,
52:37balancing high security operations with rehabilitation efforts. While notorious for its history of violence,
52:43gang activity, and challenging conditions, it continues to function as a critical facility for housing and
52:49managing the state's most dangerous inmates. Through ongoing investigations, security enhancements,
52:54and operational improvements, Calipatria seeks to maintain order while upholding the state's broader
52:59correctional goals. That wraps up our list of the 10 worst prisons in California. But the truth is,
53:05any prison has the potential to erupt in violence at any time. Whether it's due to overcrowding,
53:11gang conflicts, or inhumane conditions, no facility is ever truly safe. Let us know in the comments which
53:17prison shocked you the most or if there's one you think should have made the list. Don't forget to
53:21like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell for more content like this. Thanks for watching,
53:27and we'll see you in the next one.
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