The_Titanic_For_Kids___Bedtime_History(360p)

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00:00Now close your eyes and imagine you're sitting in a small submarine descending far below the

00:13Atlantic Ocean. Out the window you see the deep dark blue water lit up by the spotlights from

00:19your submersible. You're going deeper and deeper, further down toward the bottom of the ocean.

00:25Your instruments show you're close to your destination, so you turn the cameras on. Suddenly

00:30you see something through the darkness of the sea lit up by the spotlights. It's the wreckage of a

00:36ship sunken deep into the sand. This is it. It's the one and only Titanic. It's been here for over

00:43a hundred years and covered in coral and sea life. You drive around the ship and through and around it

00:49and continue to film so others can see the remains of this amazing ship from history.

00:55Now let's go back to 1909 when two cruise liner companies, White Star Lines and Cunard,

01:05were under intense competition to build the best and largest cruise boats in the world.

01:10Cruise boats are designed to move passengers across the ocean and in addition are made for

01:15entertainment and luxury. This means the people on them are usually on vacation, want a nice room

01:21and plenty of things to do as they sail across the sea. It can make for a very relaxing trip.

01:27Some of the well-known cruise liners today are Royal Caribbean and Carnival. Disney also has its own

01:32cruise ships. In 1909, White Star Lines wanted to be the best cruise liner so they decided to build

01:39three new ships, which would be the biggest ships ever made, called the Titanic, the Olympic,

01:45and the Britannic. The name Titanic comes from the Titan of Greek mythology. The Titanic was constructed

01:53by the shipbuilders Harlan and Wolfe in Belfast, Ireland. Altogether 15,000 people worked on the

01:59Titanic. The ship was steam-powered, which means coal was burned to create the steam used to move the

02:06three gigantic propellers. Huge boilers were constructed to heat up the coal and produce the steam and 46,000

02:14horsepower. It took three years to build the Titanic and cost over seven million dollars. Three million

02:20rivets were used to attach the hull of the ship, made of iron and steel. The finished Titanic was 882

02:27feet long, which comes out to about three football fields if you can imagine that. This made it the

02:33largest cruise liner built up until that time. Because of the way it was designed, many said that the

02:39Titanic was unsinkable. The Titanic was a luxury cruise liner, which means that many of the rooms

02:46were very well decorated and comfortable for their occupants. It was made for 833 first-class passengers,

02:54this means the very nicest rooms, then 614 second-class passengers, and 1,006 third-class passengers,

03:02whose rooms were nice compared to most ships, but not as nice as the first class.

03:06A total of 2,453 passengers could fit on the Titanic. And then came the crew, the people who

03:13help take care of the ship and keep it sailing, which came to around 900. The inside of the ship

03:19was decorated like a hotel. It had elegant dining rooms, a saltwater swimming pool, a gymnasium,

03:25squash court, massage rooms, and hot tubs. Even though the third-class passengers didn't have access to

03:31many of these areas, their dining rooms and common area were pretty nice compared to most cruise liners.

03:36at the time. One of the Titanic's best-known features was the Grand Staircase, which connected

03:42decks E and F. The Titanic's maiden voyage, which means its first voyage, started on April 10, 1912,

03:51in Southampton, England. It first stopped in France, and then Ireland, and continued across

03:57the Atlantic Ocean headed for New York and the United States. White Star Line's managing director,

04:03J. Bruce Ismay, and one of the ship's designers, Thomas Andrews, were passengers along with many

04:09celebrities, such as John Jacob Astor IV, a wealthy heir to the owner of Macy's, Isidore Strauss and his

04:17wife Ida, Benjamin Guggenheim, and the heiress Margaret Molly Brown. Margaret Brown was born in

04:24the United States in Missouri, and while she had a difficult life growing up, ended up moving to

04:29Colorado, where her and her husband's mining business struck gold. Margaret used her wealth

04:35to do good, helping people in need and finding other ways to help the less fortunate. She often

04:40traveled around the world doing good, and happened to be in France when she found out her grandson

04:45was sick. This caused her to book passage on the Titanic and head back to see him. But unlike Margaret,

04:52most of the passengers on the ship were normal people. Traveling between Europe and the United States,

04:57the third-class passengers who paid less than $20 for the voyage.

05:03The first three days of the trip were fairly normal. The seas were calm and the skies were clear.

05:09On the night of April 14th, one of the crew members was on the lookout. He suddenly saw something

05:14through the fog. An iceberg. An iceberg is a huge piece of ice that floats in the water and is common in

05:21the North Atlantic. Other boats had reported seeing icebergs, but this one was very large and very

05:27unexpected. The crew member rang his bell and called the captain. Immediately, the engines were reversed

05:33and the gigantic ship tried to turn and miss the iceberg. And from above the water, it appeared as

05:38though they had missed the iceberg, but below the water, it struck the side of the ship and caused a

05:43300-foot tear in its side. When the captain and Thomas Andrews, who helped design the ship, went below decks

05:50to look at the damage, they could already see water pouring in through the gash. The ship had started to

05:55tilt and water was beginning to fill the different compartments. Andrews did a quick calculation and

06:01estimated they only had about an hour and a half before the ship would sink. Quickly, everyone started

06:07loading into the lifeboats, which had been added to the ship in case of emergency. Many women and

06:13children were allowed to get on the lifeboats first, but unfortunately, most lifeboats were put

06:18into the ocean too quickly and didn't get enough people on them. It was also unfortunate that the

06:24Titanic didn't have enough lifeboats. The people who built it didn't think it would be necessary

06:29and that lifeboats would take up too much room. Many brave people gave up their seats on lifeboats

06:36for others. The captain decided to go down with the ship along with its builder, Thomas Andrews.

06:42Margaret, or Molly Brown, was one of the celebrities who helped others onto the lifeboats

06:46and was finally forced onto one herself. While on the boat, she did everything she could to make sure

06:52the others were safe. She desperately wanted to go back and help more people, but the other passengers

06:58on her lifeboat wouldn't let her. Once she was rescued, she did everything she could to help the

07:03other survivors. As the families on lifeboats rode away from the ship, the Titanic slowly began to fill

07:09with water for three hours until it shifted and cracked in half and then dropped below the surface.

07:15In the end, 706 people survived the sinking of the Titanic, but more than 1,500 did not.

07:24Eventually, a ship nearby heard the radio calls for help and arrived to help the people in the

07:28lifeboats, but it was too late for the other passengers aboard the Titanic. Soon the news spread

07:34around the world that the Titanic had sunk, but no one could believe it. Truly, the sinking of the

07:40Titanic was one of the great tragedies of the 20th century. For many years after the sinking of the

07:46Titanic, many people wondered exactly where the wreckage ended up. They knew generally where the

07:52ship had gone down, but the water is extremely deep in the North Atlantic, and likely the wreck moved

07:57very far below the landing on the ocean floor. Many expeditions set out to use sonar to find the

08:04Titanic, but it wasn't until 1985 when a French-American team led by Jean-Louis Michel and Robert Ballard found

08:12the wreckage. After this, submersibles with cameras and later with people were sent down to film the

08:18wreckage. They sent remote-controlled cameras inside the ship and brought back video of the inside to

08:24examine what had happened to the ship and what it looked like now, the many years after it had sunk.

08:30Since this time, many books and movies have been made about the sinking of the Titanic.

08:36You can also watch documentaries about the history of the Titanic, the people on it, and the many

08:41voyages made down to its wreckage. Learning about these people and events remind us that even though

08:48we've come very far technologically, people and the things we create are still imperfect. It's important

08:54to design things with care and consider the people who are using them. Since the sinking of the

09:00Titanic, all boats are required to have life vests for everyone, and large cruise liners are required

09:05to have lifeboats for every passenger. When you get a chance, take some time to watch videos about

09:11the Titanic. Its history is fascinating. And always remember, educating yourself helps your brain grow,

09:18and learning history helps you better understand the past and the world around you.

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