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00:00Frozen for more than 5,000 years on a remote mountain pass, and now lying in a refrigerated tomb, the Iceman, a survivor from the Stone Age.
00:16A messenger from the past, bearing secrets of how humans lived nearly 1,000 years before the pyramids.
00:30He is also a mystery waiting to be solved.
00:35Who was he? And how did he die?
00:39Was it in battle?
00:43Or was he murdered?
00:48Now a risky autopsy overturns past theories.
00:54DNA, a copper axe, and a last meal surprise the experts.
01:02As they come closer to understanding our ancient past.
01:08And to solving the Iceman murder mystery.
01:19Some 3,000 years before the birth of Christ, on a remote mountainside high in the Alps, a man made his way through the thin mountain air.
01:31The man's life would end in mystery.
01:42Was he alone or on the run?
01:45What made him undertake his last journey?
01:49A puzzle for scientists.
02:02His body remained on the mountain for over 5,000 years.
02:07Until September 1991, when two hikers climbing in the Italian Alps wandered off the trail and stumbled across a gruesome sight.
02:24The head and shoulders of a man emerging from the ice.
02:28At first, the pathologist responding to the scene assumed this was simply the remains of an unfortunate hiker.
02:41One of many lost in the Alps over the years.
02:45But this body looks different.
02:48It shows almost no signs of decomposition.
02:53Its skin and flesh appear to have been freeze dried.
02:58Hands, feet, even eyeballs are still intact.
03:06The mountain air and ice have transformed this corpse into a mummy.
03:11As the recovery continued, some unusual items emerged.
03:21Bits of leather.
03:23Handmade rope.
03:24And a knife with a flint blade.
03:31This was no ordinary walker.
03:34Initial analysis of his gear suggested he was thousands of years old.
03:45The find caused a worldwide sensation.
03:48The press dubbed him the Iceman, or Örtsi, after the Örtsal Mountains where he was found.
03:55Eventually, carbon dating confirmed that Örtsi died 5,300 years ago.
04:07His are the oldest intact human remains ever recovered.
04:15What can they tell us about our own history?
04:18And the mystery of Örtsi's death?
04:21For some reason, his final journey took him up this ridge, along this valley, all the way up.
04:31He went from about 300 meters to over 3,000 meters.
04:38At first, scientists suspected he was lost in a storm.
04:42But mounting evidence began to suggest something else happened to the Iceman.
04:46Something more violent.
04:49The body was found close to today's border between Italy and Austria.
04:55The scene of death was not initially treated as suspicious.
04:59Now the Iceman's chief conservators visit the remote pass to reappraise the scene.
05:06It helps them appreciate the extraordinary circumstances that combine to preserve the body.
05:11Örtsi was discovered just 100 meters inside the present Italian border.
05:245,000 years ago, he had climbed a considerable distance to be later covered by a glacier.
05:30Here we are on the top of the mountain.
05:35And if you look down in the valley, we see that the distance is very, very long.
05:41There are more than 1,500 meters.
05:43So we can see here very well that here was the glacier, and the glacier tends to move down.
05:57And normally, that body would have been transported with the glacier down and destroyed completely.
06:01Most bodies lost in glaciers are carried along by the river of ice.
06:09They slowly glide down the mountain along with tons of rock and stone grinding together.
06:15Alpine glaciers typically move about 30 meters per year.
06:20After a few hundred years, most of the debris that gets caught up in them emerges at the bottom along the melting edge of ice.
06:29Not Örtsi.
06:33The circumstances of Örtsi's death appear extremely unlucky, but for archaeologists, he couldn't have fallen in a better spot.
06:41The sun and wind dried his body out completely.
06:51Rocks on either side of him formed a small trench.
06:58Three meters of snow and ice eventually filled this in, preventing the iceman's body from being swept into the river of ice that flowed all around it.
07:0715 meters to the left or right, his body would have been ground to bits and lost forever.
07:17The mountain created the iceman, and then it protected him over more than 50 centuries.
07:24In Bolzano, Italy, he's protected again.
07:35Just 30 miles from the spot where he died, in a specially created museum, Örtsi's mummified body is on display.
07:46Carefully frozen, in a custom crypt.
07:57Temperature, minus six and a half degrees centigrade.
08:01Relative humidity, 98%.
08:03Now, doctors in charge of the body are hoping to get a break in the cold case by conducting a rare and risky procedure.
08:20They are letting the iceman's body defrost.
08:23Scientists are flocking to Bolzano to get their hands and instruments on the five millennia-old corpse.
08:32They will be following fresh leads in the iceman's death, and also in his life at a turning point in human civilization.
08:39They will have just nine hours to complete their investigations, before the iceman must be refrozen.
08:51Pathologist, Eduard de Garter-Wiegel, the caretaker of the iceman for more than ten years, is leading an operation teeming with biological hazards.
09:01One risk is that scientists who enter the room bring their bacteria and germs with them.
09:12Another risk is that we have no way of knowing if there are still living organisms in the mummy itself,
09:19and if these would be reactivated in the defrosting.
09:23If the body is harmed by the defrosting, the loss to scientists would be profound.
09:29They are depending on this one corpse to shed light on a crucial time in human history.
09:38Erci is unique. He's from the end of the Stone Age, a time when humans still used stone tools,
09:46before they'd mastered the art of smelting metal.
09:49He provides a glimpse of what life was like in those times, with some surprising twists.
09:54This find, the man in the ice, opened up a whole new window on the ancient world.
10:015,000 years ago in Europe is a time before countries, before kings, even before the introduction of the wheel.
10:17In these Alpine valleys, increasing numbers are living in small settlements, beginning to grow crops like wheat and barley,
10:26and to raise goats, sheep and cattle.
10:30Others are nomadic hunters after wild game.
10:34Did growing competition between farmers and hunters lead to Erci's death?
10:44At least 1,000 years before writing comes to the area,
10:52Erci's extraordinarily well-preserved gear provides rare clues to prehistoric Alpine life.
11:01He was still wearing one of his shoes.
11:04In the Balzano Museum, Alpine archaeologist Patrick Hunt is joined by paleologist Ana Luisa Pedrotti to carefully examine each item,
11:18searching for clues, not only about his way of life, but about his final day.
11:23Why would he have been carrying these things with him at the time of his death?
11:36The shoe is one of the earliest examples of its kind, and surprisingly complex.
11:41You can just see here at least three different kinds of material.
11:48You see grass, you see skin, and you see cord.
11:56It's unlikely a man from a stone age would wear shoes all the time.
12:01But if he knew he was going to cross the rocky slopes and glaciers of the Alps,
12:06shoes like this would be important.
12:12The artefacts not only provide personal details about the man who carried them.
12:17They prove that stone age designs could be surprisingly sophisticated.
12:25His backpack, with its wooden frame, seems almost modern.
12:31A leather pouch was possibly a waist pack.
12:34Chunks of tree fungus, thought to have medicinal powers, served as a first aid kit.
12:44Maple leaves were used to carry hot embers for starting fires.
12:53Otsi's culture knew the use of every possible plant and stone and wood.
13:01They used the optimal material.
13:06But venturing into the mountains beyond his settlement could be dangerous.
13:11Wolves, wild boar and bears were common.
13:15Clashes between settlements and hunters were also possible.
13:19So Otsi carried weapons.
13:23Along with his knife, he had a bow and arrows.
13:28His quiver, the oldest ever found, accompanied carefully crafted wooden arrows,
13:37with flint arrowheads chipped to a razor's edge, glued on with pitch, made from the sap of a birch tree.
13:43The feathers on the shafts are also carefully stuck on to stabilize the arrow in flight.
13:54But for some mysterious reason, the bow and arrows were not ready for use.
13:59If you count the number of arrows here, easily over a dozen, most of the arrows are completely unusable at this time.
14:12Why do we have so many arrows unfinished?
14:15This is a huge mystery.
14:19He was found with equipment that was not fully prepared.
14:21It's as if he were walking in a wilderness with a gun that wasn't loaded.
14:29I would say that Otsi is going to be in trouble.
14:33This is a serious flaw in his plan for survival.
14:38But he wasn't completely unarmed.
14:42He was carrying a weapon far advanced for his time.
14:45The Iceman's Copper Axe surprised archaeologists, forcing them to revise the timeline of history.
14:56Before Otsi, scholars didn't think Alpine cultures learned to smelt and work copper until about 2000 BC.
15:05But carbon dating showed that the Iceman's Axe is far older than that.
15:10This meant his people already knew how to heat copper-rich rock up to 1100 degrees centigrade.
15:18Hot enough to extract the metal from the ore.
15:21And to design and create molds for fashioning tools.
15:27The discovery of the axe meant Otsi steps out of the age of stone tools a thousand years before experts thought possible.
15:36To be that far ahead, so far back, this is simply incredible.
15:46This is one find that changes forever what we think about the past.
15:52The mind that can create that copper axe is practically and for all purposes the same mind that can create a computer.
16:03A circuit board. In other words, Otsi is us.
16:09For years after the Iceman was discovered in 1991, scholars believed he had frozen to death in an Alpine storm.
16:19But how could someone so in tune with his environment get caught out by bad weather?
16:24Experts search for other clues to explain his death.
16:31The body was CT scanned and x-rayed.
16:34But all they saw was some broken bones. Nothing fatal.
16:38Then, ten years after the discovery of the Iceman, Dr. Paul Gossner, a Bolzano radiologist, was studying images from the Iceman when he noticed something strange.
16:53It's this little white spot here, but you could also confuse it with the rib. It's hard to see right away.
17:08As Gossner began to look again at the original x-rays, he saw something that didn't add up.
17:16So he had a CT scan taken.
17:24This time the image left no doubt.
17:27Lodged in the Iceman's back was an arrowhead made of stone.
17:32That was a great surprise. Since up until that time, we didn't know that he was shot.
17:51Did the arrow kill the Iceman?
17:54We know he was shot in the back, from slightly down below, with an arrow that penetrated his scapula, his shoulder blade.
18:09The scans revealed that the arrowhead had, in fact, struck a mortal blow.
18:14The arrowhead penetrated a subclavial artery, so that Otzi bled to death very, very quickly.
18:25But who killed the Iceman? And why?
18:29The desire to solve this ancient mystery drives researchers back to the body again.
18:34In the operating theatre at the Bolzano Museum, nearly two dozen international researchers assemble for the chance to examine the mummy.
18:48One of their first objectives is to see if they can get a closer look at the arrowhead.
18:54Over two decades, scientists have learned a great deal about Otzi.
19:01From his skeleton, they know he was about five foot two.
19:06Muscle development in his legs indicates frequent mountain walking.
19:12The softness of his hands suggests he wasn't a farmer working the earth, but perhaps a hunter or a shepherd.
19:20Study of his bones reveals that he died in his forties, an advanced age for his time.
19:32Identifying marks include over 50 enigmatic tattoos.
19:43Biological anthropologist Albert Zink is head of the Institute for Mummies and the Iceman.
19:48Together with Dr. Agata Weigel, Zink is leading the autopsy.
19:51We're all a little bit excited and also nervous because we have a lot to do.
20:05And we also have to be sure that the Iceman doesn't have any damage due to this investigation.
20:10After a night spent outside his freezer, Otzi is thawing nicely.
20:17As the mummy melts, he starts to sag.
20:21To prevent the body from falling apart, scientists place him in a special box.
20:27The box will allow them to move the body without damaging it and without altering the position of the limbs.
20:34You can see the mummy is well deproosed. Tissue is soft. So I think that we can start now with the investigations.
20:50Body parts that were frozen now move.
20:59The post-mortem must stick to a tight schedule.
21:14Each group has only a set time to conduct their particular investigations.
21:23In order to gain access to his left shoulder and the arrowhead, doctors move quickly to flip Otzi face down.
21:31They hope the arrowhead may provide a clue to help solve one of the main mysteries of Otzi's death.
21:45Was he killed in a skirmish with another settlement or in a fight with hunters over territory?
21:51Or was the arrowhead still in his back, shot there by one of his own?
22:01Perhaps a jealous rival from his clan?
22:04One clue supporting this theory is his copper axe.
22:09That axe is so advanced, some believe it marks Otzi out as a man of great importance in his community.
22:15Zink and Agata Wigel wonder whether the arrowhead might be able to provide other answers.
22:25So we really hope to get close to the arrowhead because the arrowhead is still inside the body and we never really saw the arrowhead.
22:33And so we really hope to get close to it and maybe even to see what's going on there.
22:37Guiding an endoscope, they are now within almost a centimeter of the actual arrowhead, but their route is blocked by tissue.
22:48This way in won't work.
22:52With minutes ticking by, Agata Wigel has to make a crucial decision.
22:57So far they have used existing access routes.
23:02If Agata Wigel gives the okay to cut the Iceman in a new spot, they will be able to gain access to the Stone Age arrowhead.
23:21But this creates a dilemma.
23:24While he wants to learn all he can about the mummy, he must keep it from harm.
23:28The Iceman's body is a kind of protected landscape, an archaeological site older than Stonehenge.
23:39So the Iceman is not just an extremely cold case.
23:45He's considered a cultural treasure.
23:48They cannot perform a standard destructive autopsy.
23:51Urtzi is a human time capsule, still intact after over 5,000 years.
23:58Can they avoid altering him forever?
24:10Urtzi is the world's oldest intact human being.
24:13Now the investigators have to decide whether to risk damaging him permanently.
24:22Though investigators have known for a decade that the Iceman was killed, no one has ever seen the actual murder weapon.
24:29It's the last piece of unexamined evidence remaining.
24:42The team going after the arrowhead is now tantalizingly close.
24:47But there is no way to penetrate the tissue without cutting it.
24:51The chief conservator decides to play it safe and move on without making a new incision.
25:10Though the arrowhead is critical, it's not the only evidence in the case.
25:13The theory that Urtzi was killed in a skirmish with a rival settlement, or band of hunters, seems to be supported by microscopic signs that he was on the run in the days leading up to his violent death.
25:30He's carrying tiny clues in his intestine.
25:36At different elevations, different trees release their pollen.
25:39In this region, a tree called hornbeam grows thickly lower down.
25:45Higher up the mountain, conifer forests cover the slopes.
25:50In Urtzi's intestine, scientists find a layer of hornbeam pollen.
25:56On top of that, a layer of conifer.
25:59It's a clear indication he's moving up the mountain.
26:03Oddly enough, we believe he came back down again because there's another layer of hornbeam pollen.
26:09On top of the conifer pollen, which means he went up, for some reason came back down, and then went back up again to his death.
26:19What possesses a man to make such a journey unless, for life-threatening reasons, he has to move?
26:27And there is more forensic evidence that the Iceman was being pursued in the days leading up to his death.
26:37On his right hand, a deep cut slices across the palm, possibly the result of hand-to-hand combat involving a knife.
26:46But this warlike scenario has one snag, and it has to do with what must have been the Iceman's most prized possession.
27:02His axe.
27:08Stone carvings found in the valley below where he died feature the same kind of axe prominently, suggesting that the weapon had great symbolic power.
27:17Why would the killers leave such a valuable object behind?
27:27It makes sense if Otzi is just a victim of a long-distance kill shot, where someone would shoot him, leave the arrow, leave the axe and run away.
27:38In the search for more clues about Otzi's killer, a new group has its turn with the body.
27:51This team are after blood, specifically in Otzi's brain.
27:59On scans of Otzi's skull, they can see clear signs of fracture.
28:04And in pictures of the shrunken but still intact brain, some areas appear darker than others, which could either be blood or rot.
28:15If it's blood, it's proof he suffered a blunt force trauma to the head just before dying.
28:24If you really could find an evidence for a bleeding, this would prove that this was an injury that happened during the process when he was dying.
28:31The bleeding just happens if you're still alive or maybe if you're in the process of dying.
28:39So was Otzi's skull fractured after he was struck by the arrow?
28:44Pincers threaded through holes drilled in Otzi's cranium years ago snipped samples of his brain.
28:51When analyzed, these dark clumps of brain matter test positive for blood.
29:03They confirm that Otzi suffered a blow to the head before he died.
29:07Either he was finished off by his killer at close quarters, or Otzi hit his head on a rock after being struck by the arrow.
29:20The investigation has lasted hours, and the body cannot remain defrosted much longer.
29:38The scientists switch the focus from aspects of Otzi's death to search for more clues about Otzi's life.
29:51The copper axe suggests he was a figure of some importance.
29:55But was he a farmer, a hunter, a shepherd? Was he on the run?
30:09The one vital organ that may offer answers to all these questions has been missing for 20 years.
30:15Now it has been found by the same radiologist who discovered the arrowhead.
30:24Over the years, Dr. Paul Gossner has seen thousands of images of the mummy's insides.
30:33One day, while scanning the familiar images, an unexpected shape seemed to emerge.
30:39Here, we have the oesophagus, lungs, and if you go further down, then you see an image that corresponds to that of an organ, a big, hollow organ.
31:03The big, hollow organ was something no one had noticed before.
31:11The Iceman's stomach.
31:16It seems impossible for everyone to have missed anything as basic as Otzi's stomach.
31:23But it was not where it should have been. The stomach had moved.
31:27When the Iceman was found, his body was draped, face down, over a rock.
31:37For 50 centuries, tons of ice bore down on him.
31:42Squashed between the ice above and the rock below, his body flattened.
31:46While the organs inside his body were preserved intact, some of them were squeezed out of place.
32:00The stomach usually sits in the upper abdomen.
32:06When a person stands, then the stomach moves down a bit.
32:10When a person lies on his stomach, then the stomach pushes up.
32:14When a person lies on his stomach and has a ton of ice on top of him, then the stomach is pushed up even further.
32:20You don't see the stomach with an endoscope because it's too far up.
32:30The team assembled to explore the stomach.
32:35First tries to reach it as usual, passing an endoscope in between Otzi's teeth through his mouth and down his throat.
32:41But the Iceman's body is too compressed.
32:55We cannot pass.
32:58We cannot pass.
33:02So the team takes a different route, through an existing incision in the abdomen.
33:07Here they find the stomach, almost in his chest, just where Dr. Gosner predicted it would be.
33:19I think this is the stomach here.
33:26The stomach is not only there, it is full of food.
33:31Grain, fat and meat.
33:37So much material from the stomach now.
33:40Initial analysis establishes the grain as a variety of wheat, called einkorn.
33:54Einkorn was one of the first grains cultivated by human beings.
33:58The meat is ibex, a kind of wild goat still roaming the Alps.
34:03This last meal confirms the Iceman lived at a turning point in history.
34:10He and his people were just beginning to farm, but they still depended on meat from wild game.
34:16Ertzi himself may have been a hunter, connected to a small farming community.
34:26However he made his living, he was well fed.
34:29After nine hours, Ertzi is sewn up again.
34:34Holes plugged, and flaps put back in place.
34:47This single day yields 149 biological samples.
34:53Enough material to keep scientists busy for years to come.
34:56The most important of all, could contain DNA.
35:09For a mummy as old as Ertzi, techniques of salvaging DNA have only recently improved enough to gain useful information.
35:16Testing the DNA of the Iceman is difficult on one hand, because he is a wet mummy, and wet mummies have a lot of humidity.
35:30This is very bad for the DNA preservation.
35:33On the other hand, he was frozen for more than 5,000 years.
35:37This turned out to be good, because the coldness preserves the DNA.
35:41If fragments of DNA can be reconstructed, scientists can learn a great deal more about Ertzi, his eye colour, medical history, and genetic mutations.
35:55But first, comes the struggle to obtain the DNA.
35:59To isolate the Iceman's DNA will require the joint efforts of several specialists.
36:12For Angela Grayfin, a researcher at Albert Zink's lab, helping to piece together Ertzi's genetic profile is the chance of a lifetime.
36:21I've always been very interested in mummies.
36:23When I got the chance to work on the Iceman, yeah, well, of course, I'd say everybody's dream to work on such a well-known sample as that.
36:31Days later, Angela's lab achieves the first stage, a mixture of clear water and golden-hued pure DNA.
36:39Ertzi's sample travels to a lab in the United States.
36:47They face a special challenge.
36:52Ancient DNA is very different from modern DNA for several reasons.
36:56One of the bigger issues with ancient DNA is contamination.
37:00Contamination occurs when the donor's DNA is mixed up with DNA from an outside source,
37:07whether from a microbe or another human being.
37:12Over the years, countless people have touched the mummy, leaving behind traces of their own DNA.
37:20So, Agata Vigol and Zink took samples from deep within Ertzi's bones.
37:26They counted on the outer bone providing a natural seal to protect the inner bone from contamination.
37:31Because the procedure was so meticulous, the DNA extracted is remarkably pure.
37:4097% is Ertzi's.
37:43But there is a mysterious 3% that doesn't belong to him.
37:49We found an interesting surprise when we looked at this contamination.
37:56A significant portion of the contamination was actually attributable to a microbe that causes Lyme disease.
38:04Lyme disease is caused by a bacteria spread to humans by ticks.
38:09Untreated, its symptoms can include muscle weakness, serious swelling of the joints and arthritis.
38:19While Lyme disease is common today, the microbial DNA contained within Ertzi's genes is proof that the disease is at least as old as the Stone Age.
38:30It's the oldest trace of Lyme disease ever identified.
38:37Ertzi's ancient DNA is a first.
38:41His DNA has an actual body connected to it.
38:48And there are more revelations to come.
38:50On the chromosomes of the genes that determine eye color, there's a marker showing that Ertzi had brown eyes.
39:06On another series of pairs, they found that Lyme disease is not the only ailment Ertzi shares with 21st century humans.
39:13Another surprising thing that we find in sequencing Ertzi's whole genome is that he had a marker for heart disease.
39:25And of course, one would ask, isn't that a modern disease? Why should he have those?
39:29And we know a bit about his lifestyle. He wasn't overweight. He wasn't lazy. He didn't sit on his sofa all day.
39:36So where could he have got those from?
39:38In the quest to trace the origins of disease, the Iceman's genome delivers a message from 5,000 years in the past.
39:50We still think that many of the diseases are very modern diseases, are civilization diseases that just occur maybe 100, 200 years ago.
39:59Now we see that these genetic modifications were already present much, much longer before.
40:04Despite a lifetime of exercise and an organic diet, Ertzi's arteries look like those of a typical 40-year-old male today.
40:18Perhaps that's not so surprising. Genetically, we're almost unchanged from Ertzi.
40:23We are in a big mistake because we believe that 5,000 years are a lot of time in the human being development.
40:42A few genes do adapt quickly to environmental and cultural factors.
40:47His genes indicate he was lactose intolerant. He couldn't digest milk as an adult.
41:02Many people think lactose intolerance is an illness, but you have to bear in mind it's not actually.
41:07It's the original state of humans. In the Stone Age all humans were lactose intolerant.
41:11Today, about 40% of adults worldwide are able to digest milk.
41:18And in the Alps, 85% can now digest dairy products.
41:24DNA analysis suggests Ertzi lived in a time of significant change,
41:30when settlements and farming were outweighing nomadic hunters.
41:40The post-mortem examination adds to what is known about the Iceman,
41:44and it will offer an answer as to whether he was on the run.
41:47Some puzzles remain.
42:01We still don't know exactly who the mystery man was,
42:05or what role he played in his culture.
42:08And until now, some experts have suggested he was being hotly pursued by enemies.
42:13But his violent end left two important clues, his axe, and the absence of the arrow that killed him.
42:27The shaft of the fatal arrow was never found, suggesting the attacker got close enough to pull it from the Iceman's back.
42:43Anyone getting that close to the body would have been within reach of Ertzi's copper axe.
42:51Why was the axe left by his body? A huge mystery.
42:57Surely people knew its value.
43:03Perhaps the killer left the axe, and took the arrow to avoid being discovered.
43:08If you took his axe, you'd be identified. If you left your arrow shaft, you could be identified.
43:14So to leave the axe and take the arrow says that someone is exercising great caution.
43:21They're thinking this through. Possibly they don't want to be identified as Ossi's killer.
43:28New key evidence emerges from the autopsy. It comes from Ertzi's stomach.
43:40Analysis of the extracted material reveals it's a balanced meal of meat and grain.
43:45But the most important pointer is the amount of food itself.
43:53During the autopsy, they removed nearly 200 grams of food, barely digested.
43:59They left more behind.
44:00Food remains in the human stomach for about an hour, proving Ertzi ate a large meal shortly before dying.
44:10This does not seem to be the behavior of a man running for his life, being pursued up and down the Alps by enemies.
44:16So I think now this completely changes the picture.
44:26So he really felt sure he wasn't fleeing for somebody, because otherwise I cannot imagine that somebody is sitting down having a big meal.
44:33This tells us something new about how Ertzi died.
44:41Weigh the evidence.
44:44The missing arrow.
44:50The bleeding from his brain.
44:54A valuable copper axe left behind.
44:57A full stomach.
44:58Zink and Akata Weigel think this final clue tips the balance.
45:06They are now convinced that the Iceman was killed by somebody he knew.
45:11Even a member of his own community.
45:14And he never saw it coming.
45:28With the procedures complete.
45:33The samples taken.
45:35The visiting scientists gone.
45:37Agata Weigel prepares the body to be refrozen.
45:45During this period I am alone with the mummy.
45:48And science is no longer the focus.
45:50But you think about how this was actually a person who lived 5000 years ago.
46:00What is his face telling me?
46:02What is the position of his body telling me?
46:06And well, I feel a real connection with him.
46:09Among the estimated 100 billion humans who have been born and passed from the earth.
46:21Ertzi has survived the ravages of time.
46:26Now Ertzi prepares to become the Iceman again.
46:30Until he is called on to give evidence once more.
46:34After next meeting.
46:51And tomorrow night two penguins together for 15 years.
46:55Please let there be a happy ending.
46:57The secret life of the zoo is at 8.
46:58Up next.