Crown Court - A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing (1977) - video Dailymotion

Jezza

Richard Wilson, Frances Cuka and Richard Pearson star in this episode of Crown Court. Francis Galway is charged with inciting members of the police force to commit breaches of discipline.

Transcript

00:00:00THE ELECTORAL REGISTER

00:00:06Francis Galway stands charged with inciting members of the police force

00:00:09to commit breaches of discipline contrary to Section 53 of the Police Act.

00:00:14The jury in this trial has been selected from members of the public

00:00:16who are eligible for jury service and whose names appear on the electoral register.

00:00:21You are Peter Ivan Vaughan of 21 Liddell, Foochester?

00:00:26Yes.

00:00:27And what is your profession?

00:00:28I am a member of the police force of this county.

00:00:30Yes, you are in fact his chief constable, are you not?

00:00:33Yes.

00:00:34His lordship has agreed to take your testimony first, chief constable.

00:00:37Thank you, my lord.

00:00:37Chief constable, are you acquainted with the defendant in this case?

00:00:40Yes.

00:00:41Yes.

00:00:41Will you tell the court how you became acquainted?

00:00:43Well, I happened to meet him in a pub on December the 24th last, by chance.

00:00:48Yes, the Windsor Castle in Meadows Street.

00:00:50Yes, although I knew him vaguely from before.

00:00:52Yes, I see.

00:00:53What happened subsequently?

00:00:54Well, we had a few jarred drinks, and then he asked me if I'd be willing to advise him

00:00:58on a series of articles he was planning.

00:01:00Yes, on what subject?

00:01:00Law and order.

00:01:01So we arranged to have a drink after the new year.

00:01:03Where?

00:01:04At my home.

00:01:06Why there?

00:01:06Well, because of what he represented himself to be, a serious journalist.

00:01:09And it was Christmas Eve, after all.

00:01:11Yes, I see.

00:01:12Please continue, chief constable.

00:01:13Well, Galway came over on January the 4th, in the early part of the evening.

00:01:17We didn't stay there long, because he insisted on buying me dinner at the falconry restaurant

00:01:21instead, which was the first sign I realised afterwards.

00:01:24What do you mean by that, chief constable?

00:01:25Well, it was out of his normal bracket financially.

00:01:29Not on this occasion, though.

00:01:31Anyway, we discussed his articles over the meal.

00:01:33He told me that he was researching into current attitudes to law enforcement.

00:01:38He said his own opinion was that not enough attention was paid to the opinions of those

00:01:42who actually had to enforce the law.

00:01:43The police?

00:01:44Yes.

00:01:45Yes, and what did you say?

00:01:46Well, I agreed with him at this stage.

00:01:48And then he said that his publishers might be willing to help in more ways than the printed

00:01:52word.

00:01:54At this stage, we were discussing the fact that our force is undermanned, seriously undermanned,

00:01:58and the reasons for it.

00:01:59Galway said that what we needed was publicity, not sympathy.

00:02:02Yes.

00:02:03Will you tell the court what he meant by publicity, chief constable?

00:02:06What the witness thought the accusement is pure conjecture, Mr. Parson.

00:02:11I apologise, my lord.

00:02:12What did he say, chief constable?

00:02:14Well, he said that what we, the police, needed was a voice.

00:02:18The kind of voice that the authorities couldn't afford to ignore.

00:02:21In so many words, if we were unable to get the tools we needed to do the job through normal

00:02:25channels...

00:02:27Yes, what tools were those, in his opinion?

00:02:30More massive recruitment, better pay to encourage recruitment, and freedom from petty interference

00:02:36by, well, by the professional sociologists, especially the last.

00:02:40Yes.

00:02:40And if you couldn't get them through those channels...

00:02:43Then our negotiating body would have to make way for others.

00:02:46People prepared to use different methods.

00:02:47What sort of methods?

00:02:49Radical ones.

00:02:49Yes.

00:02:50How radical?

00:02:51Methods that hadn't been tried before.

00:02:53Such as strikes?

00:02:54Yes.

00:02:54Refrain from leading your witness to use, Mr. Parson.

00:02:56I apologise, my lord.

00:02:58Chief constable, did the accusement mention any method in particular?

00:03:02Yes.

00:03:02Strike action.

00:03:04He said it could paralyse the country faster than any tuppenny, hapenny miners' stoppage.

00:03:08But it was important to avoid what the miners couldn't.

00:03:11Public resentment.

00:03:13Galway suggested to me that if enough feeling were created, a strike might be unnecessary.

00:03:17But if it should come to the crunch, then the government would get the blame and not

00:03:20the police, which is where he could help.

00:03:22How?

00:03:23Well, he said his sponsors were willing to publicise the police's case where it mattered

00:03:27most, in the media, via articles, books, even lectures and seminars.

00:03:32Yes.

00:03:32Was that all?

00:03:33No.

00:03:34He could also put funds into our hands, provided they were the right hands, for our own use.

00:03:39Yes.

00:03:39What use would that have been?

00:03:40Well, entertaining, mostly.

00:03:42He said that was essential if we were to lobby people of influence.

00:03:46He said that I was a case in point.

00:03:49Of course, he was a little drunk at the time.

00:03:51Yes.

00:03:52Was any actual figure mentioned?

00:03:54Oh, yes, several.

00:03:55One in the hundreds, one in the thousands.

00:03:58But as I say, he was...

00:03:59A little drunk at the time, yes.

00:04:00Now, this Christmas present, or rather this New Year's present, came without strings attached?

00:04:06Not quite.

00:04:07In return, I was invited to supply him with the names of any senior police officers I knew

00:04:13who might support militant action of the kind he had in mind.

00:04:17Galway claimed to have proof that there was already a silent majority who would.

00:04:21Yes.

00:04:21And how did you react to that?

00:04:22I told him I knew of no senior police officers who fitted that description.

00:04:26Yes, I see.

00:04:27So, that was an end to the matter?

00:04:29No.

00:04:30He had another suggestion.

00:04:31What was that?

00:04:32That I should keep him informed of, or better still, give him access to, any top-level home

00:04:38office directives I might receive, especially those concerning public order.

00:04:41Yes.

00:04:41Now, professionally speaking, would that constitute a breach of police regulations?

00:04:45If it occurred, it would, yes.

00:04:46Did you agree?

00:04:47No.

00:04:48I asked him if he'd already had any access to top-level home office directives.

00:04:52He quoted me an example of what it took to be current home office thinking on the immigrant

00:04:57communities, which was quite inaccurate.

00:04:59Yes.

00:04:59What was that example?

00:05:01I don't think it would serve any purpose to repeat it.

00:05:04Yes, I see.

00:05:04As you choose.

00:05:06Please continue, Chief Constable.

00:05:07Well, I then asked him if he could give me the names of any of his silent majority,

00:05:12those willing to strike for a better deal.

00:05:14Galway just winked as if we were old friends and said, need to know.

00:05:19Need to know?

00:05:20Yes.

00:05:20Might I be in on the joke?

00:05:23Oh, I'm sorry, my lord.

00:05:24It's a common phrase among the espionage community, meaning you never let your contact know more

00:05:30than he needs to know to fulfil the job you require from him.

00:05:34Oh, sounds like something out of James Bond.

00:05:37Yes, well, as I say, he was...

00:05:39At the time.

00:05:40Yes.

00:05:42Nevertheless, it is a common practice, my lord.

00:05:45My lord.

00:05:47So, what took place subsequently, Chief Constable?

00:05:49Oh, something of a silence.

00:05:51Then he, Galway, got very chatty on the subject of cricket.

00:05:54Cricket?

00:05:55Yes, the Australian fast bowlers in particular.

00:05:57I don't suppose you want to hear his views on them?

00:06:00Ah, no.

00:06:00No, Mr. Galway will have a chance to testify on his own behalf.

00:06:04So, the evening ended quite merrily, as it were.

00:06:07Well, no, not quite.

00:06:09Just as we were getting up from the table, he said that there was no hurry if I wished to think over his proposal more calmly.

00:06:15And to show good faith, he was willing to leave me a little bonus, free of charge.

00:06:19And he passed it across the table.

00:06:20Yes.

00:06:21May the witness be shown in Exhibit 1, please.

00:06:23Is this what the defendant gave you, Chief Constable?

00:06:29Yes.

00:06:31Now, his lordship and members of the jury do have copies of it.

00:06:34Will you tell the court what this document is?

00:06:37Ah, my lord.

00:06:37I'm sorry, I'll rephrase the question.

00:06:40At the time, what did you take it to be?

00:06:43Well, as its heading suggests, it's a pamphlet put out by WAG, the workers' activist group.

00:06:48Yes.

00:06:48Is this organisation known to you?

00:06:50Oh, very well.

00:06:50It's a radical left splinter movement.

00:06:53I'm not an expert in this field, but you could describe its ideals as Trotskyist.

00:06:57Yes, I see.

00:06:58Now, Chief Constable, could you please read out for us paragraph 3, it's marked there.

00:07:03The dispute at Garvey and Tomlin is precisely one of those battles that must be won if we are to bring down the present Labour administration.

00:07:12Otherwise, capitalism will stagger on with the weight of its crisis born on the backs of the working class.

00:07:18But the bosses are not going to reveal their empty hand voluntarily.

00:07:21They and their police dogs must be provoked into it by all means available, by any means, including the violence they themselves employ.

00:07:29Yes. Now, did the name Garvey and Tomlin have any special relevance for you?

00:07:33Well, at the time, there was a dispute there concerning redundancies involving pickets.

00:07:38You don't need me to say anything about the unemployment rate in Fulchester.

00:07:42No, no.

00:07:43Well, as you know, it was a long-standing dispute with a certain element of violence.

00:07:48And WAG had given it their total support.

00:07:50Including the violence, you mean?

00:07:51Yes, apparently.

00:07:52In other words, on the basis of this leaflet, there were grounds for prosecuting several of its members.

00:07:57Was this done?

00:07:58Well, no.

00:07:58Why not?

00:07:59Well, I couldn't be sure of the authenticity of this document.

00:08:02Yes, I see.

00:08:03So, what happened after that, Chief Constable?

00:08:05Oh, then we both left.

00:08:07Did you meet again, subsequently?

00:08:09I put the whole incident in the hands of the CID.

00:08:11I never saw him again until today.

00:08:14Thank you, Mr. Paul.

00:08:17Miss Denham?

00:08:18Oh, yes.

00:08:23Do you normally suspect people who buy you dinner?

00:08:27Of course not.

00:08:28Only in the case of my client, apparently.

00:08:31Well, as I said, he wasn't normally in a position to afford it.

00:08:34Plus the fact that he was unusually well-dressed.

00:08:37Oh, I see.

00:08:37Uh, I notice that you don't happen to be in uniform today, Chief Constable.

00:08:42Is that relevant?

00:08:44Not if you say so.

00:08:45And nevertheless, your suspicions weren't so strong as to prevent you from enjoying Mr. Galway's hospitality.

00:08:51Well, it seemed to matter to him.

00:08:53You were doing him a favor, in other words.

00:08:55I'm not a rude person.

00:08:57No.

00:08:58They serve a very nice dinner at the falconry, wouldn't you say?

00:09:02Oh, you must have been there yourself.

00:09:03Once or twice.

00:09:05Now, have you any idea what the bill came to?

00:09:07Oh, none at all.

00:09:08In fact, I offered to pay half, but the waiter told me that that had already been taken care of.

00:09:12That was generous, don't you think?

00:09:14Not really.

00:09:15I think he thought we were in America.

00:09:18How do you mean?

00:09:19That corruption in this country started from the top downwards.

00:09:23Well, if, as you suggest, he truly believed that,

00:09:27the logical inferences that he sought you out in particular because he had some reason to think you corrupt.

00:09:32No, it was because we knew each other.

00:09:34Yes, my point exactly.

00:09:36It was a lively, pleasant, even animated dinner between two men of equal intelligence and education.

00:09:42It wasn't that.

00:09:43How long had you known each other?

00:09:46Oh, we were acquaintances in the army just after the war in Libya.

00:09:49Oh, not friends?

00:09:51No.

00:09:52Um, didn't the defendant lend you some money to help you through during the time you were getting demobbed?

00:09:58Twenty pounds, which were repaid.

00:10:01Oh.

00:10:02Now, at what stage did you begin to discuss police affairs?

00:10:06Oh, we were having a brandy by then.

00:10:08After the meal?

00:10:09Yes.

00:10:09Which was accompanied by wine, I take it.

00:10:12Two bottles.

00:10:13And conversation.

00:10:15Oh, yes.

00:10:15Mr. Galway got quite, um, quite eloquent.

00:10:18Yes, you've already said that several times.

00:10:21In fact, you said he was drunk.

00:10:23Well, it's the same thing.

00:10:24Was my client or was he not drunk?

00:10:27Well, if you prefer the word, yes, he was.

00:10:29By which I presume you wish us to understand that you were in full control of your faculties.

00:10:34Well, my lord, this line of questioning is taking us nowhere, apart from being rather insulting, to this witness.

00:10:39What exactly do you intend to demonstrate, Mr. Enneman?

00:10:42Since the case against my client depends on what may or may not have been said on a particular occasion, that he was misunderstood then and is being misrepresented here today, I would be grateful if the witness would be permitted to answer, my lord.

00:10:56Very well.

00:10:58Thank you, my lord.

00:10:59Um, Chief Constable...

00:11:00The answer is yes.

00:11:02I think you'll find that the, uh, police can hold their alcohol better than most.

00:11:06Yes, I'm sorry to keep you any longer than is necessary.

00:11:10You see, I'm not trying to, uh, say that your memory is, is anyway at fault.

00:11:15It's just in one or two details.

00:11:18For example?

00:11:19Well, for example, the, um, first topic that seems to have upset you, militancy within your own force.

00:11:25Now, you don't deny that it exists.

00:11:26No.

00:11:27What is your own attitude?

00:11:28Well, if you want to know, I think the value of the police is always underestimated by society.

00:11:33In what way just now?

00:11:34Well, let's just say that the average police officer gets paid less than the minimum union rate for a go-go dancer.

00:11:42Uh, some members of the force are in favour of affiliation to the TUC, I believe.

00:11:46Yes, but that doesn't alter the fact that we're under a statutory obligation not to strike.

00:11:51Yeah, precisely.

00:11:51Now, I've put it to you that what my client actually said was that strike action could only be undertaken under different circumstances.

00:11:59Yes, he also said those circumstances had arrived.

00:12:02Yes, of course you warned him that he was breaking the law by saying that.

00:12:06Of course.

00:12:07Then why did you fail to mention that in your previous evidence?

00:12:11I should have thought that was obvious.

00:12:13Yes, I suggest that you had forgotten the fact.

00:12:15No.

00:12:16Very well, in that case, if inciting the police to strike is a crime, will you tell us why you remained at the table?

00:12:24Well, not all Dixons of Doc Green, you know.

00:12:27How do you mean?

00:12:29Well, I was interested to find out how the mind of a man like that worked.

00:12:33Investigation, you might say.

00:12:34You seem to find that hard to understand.

00:12:36On the contrary, I find that very easy to understand.

00:12:38You see, that is why Mr. Galway wanted to talk to you.

00:12:42What is?

00:12:43Investigation.

00:12:44He never said so.

00:12:45Did you tell him what was going on in your mind?

00:12:47Not entirely, no.

00:12:49Well, at the risk of repeating myself, there we have it.

00:12:52Two men of equal intelligence and education having a discussion.

00:12:56No, your client wanted more than discussion and said so.

00:13:00Depending upon the accuracy of your memory.

00:13:03I'm trained to depend on it.

00:13:05I see.

00:13:07Now, may we now turn to this leaflet, which, so it is alleged, was given you to be used as forged evidence against the workers' activist group.

00:13:16I suggest that it was nothing of the sort, that it was merely a simple example of what the extreme left of this country are capable of, and nothing more.

00:13:24It would be no use to man nor beast.

00:13:27At what stage did you decide that Mr. Galway had committed a criminal offence?

00:13:34As soon as he offered to give me concrete help to organise a police strike.

00:13:38In other words, from the word go?

00:13:39More or less.

00:13:40And you remained sitting at the table?

00:13:42Now, this conversation took place on the 4th of January.

00:13:48When did you first report it to another officer?

00:13:52I'm sorry.

00:13:54If you think that your rank merits special treatment...

00:13:57Several days later.

00:13:58Yeah, how many days?

00:13:59Four or five.

00:13:59Why the delay?

00:14:01I suggest to...

00:14:02I suggest to you that it was that you were not convinced of his guilt.

00:14:06Then you are mistaken.

00:14:07The police do not waste a taxpayer's money chasing up every harmless crank they come across.

00:14:13The question is to decide whether he is harmless.

00:14:15Yes, we are in agreement.

00:14:16Fortunately, the jury are here to decide that.

00:14:20The point is that you were in two minds.

00:14:23Yes, about what action to take.

00:14:26In any case, I did have other matters to attend to at the same time.

00:14:28Oh, yes.

00:14:30Now, is it a fact that you were originally not prepared to appear as a witness in this trial?

00:14:36I don't know where you get your information from.

00:14:38Are you going to bring any evidence to support that, Miss Denham?

00:14:41No, my lord, but I do think that it is a legitimate question.

00:14:47Chief Constable?

00:14:49Yes, I'll answer it.

00:14:50No, it is not a fact.

00:14:51Isn't it true that you only did so because you were afraid your name might be dragged into it,

00:14:55possibly even to testify on behalf of Mr Galway?

00:14:58I will answer that too.

00:14:59No, it is not true.

00:15:01So in your mind, there was never any doubt as to his guilt?

00:15:04I'm sorry?

00:15:07No, none.

00:15:09And after four or five days, what action did you instruct your CID to take?

00:15:15To investigate him.

00:15:17Ah, how were they able to do that?

00:15:20By the telephone number he'd left me.

00:15:22Oh, he left you his telephone number.

00:15:25You didn't mention that previously either.

00:15:27I wasn't asked.

00:15:30But professionally speaking, wouldn't you say that that was the act of an innocent man?

00:15:36Well, I thought it was an act of a fool.

00:15:38I read this brief of, um, The Galway and Simpsons.

00:15:55And you are a detective inspector at Fooster City CID?

00:15:59Yes, sir.

00:15:59Now, Detective Inspector Branigan, do you recall any particular duty you were asked to perform on January the 10th last?

00:16:06Yes, sir. Acting on information received from my chief constable, I interviewed a Francis John Galway, the Raven guesthouse outside Birmingham.

00:16:12Yes, will you tell the court what you found there?

00:16:14You may use your notes, if you please.

00:16:16Thank you, sir. I called first in the morning.

00:16:19They said he'd be back for lunch.

00:16:20When I returned around two o'clock, he was in the bar.

00:16:22Yes, sir. Do you recognize the man you saw?

00:16:25Yes, sir. The person sitting in the dock.

00:16:27I then said I would like to have a word about the strike at Garvey and Tomlin.

00:16:30He invited me for a drink in his room.

00:16:33When we were up there, I declined to drink.

00:16:36We then discussed the situation with Garvey and Tomlin.

00:16:41Galway said it was undesirable.

00:16:43I agreed, and I asked him if he was in a position to provide me with evidence

00:16:46that would link the workers' activist group with any violence that had taken place there.

00:16:51Yes, did you say what kind of evidence?

00:16:53Oh, I was going to mention that, sir.

00:16:54I specifically said fate or otherwise.

00:16:57He then asked me if I knew Chief Constable Vaughan, and I said I did,

00:17:00and then he, well, relaxed and said I should have said so in the first place.

00:17:03What do you mean by relaxed, Detective Inspector?

00:17:06Well, I think he took me for a sympathizer, sir, because he said

00:17:08that would all depend on whether Mr. Vaughan had thought any more about his offer,

00:17:12on whether we could cooperate in organizing a real police strike.

00:17:16And I asked him of what he said to Mr. Vaughan was true,

00:17:19that he was ready to back it financially.

00:17:21And he said his sponsor would.

00:17:22And I tried to find out who that was, but he wouldn't tell me.

00:17:25He said it wasn't my problem.

00:17:26I offered me a whiskey.

00:17:27And then I asked his permission to search his room.

00:17:29Yes.

00:17:30How did Mr. Galway react to that?

00:17:32A surprise, but he agreed.

00:17:34Yes.

00:17:34And what did you find there?

00:17:36Now, there was a quantity of literature about mostly of an intellectual kind,

00:17:40but I found in her chest of drawers several hundred copies

00:17:44of a leaflet called Why Garvey and Tomlin Matters.

00:17:48Yes.

00:17:48Would you look at exhibit one, please?

00:17:51Now, is this one of those leaflets that you found, Detective Inspector?

00:17:55No, sir.

00:17:55This copy was shown to me by Mr. Vaughan.

00:17:57It has his mark.

00:17:58Otherwise, it's identical to the ones I found.

00:18:00Yes, I see.

00:18:01Please continue, Detective Inspector.

00:18:03I then asked the defendant who its publishers were.

00:18:06He wouldn't answer that.

00:18:06He asked to go to the toilet.

00:18:07The toilet?

00:18:08Oh, yes, sir.

00:18:09It was just along the corridor, and I kept the door of his room open.

00:18:12And after about five minutes with at least that,

00:18:14I knocked on the door of the toilet, and he came out.

00:18:16Yes.

00:18:16And when I went inside, the window frame appeared to have been broken open.

00:18:19And what floor is Mr. Galway's room?

00:18:22The first floor, sir.

00:18:23Yes, I see.

00:18:24I then invited him to accompany me to a police station to answer further questions,

00:18:27and told him I'd be taking several copies of the Garvey and Tomlin leave it with me.

00:18:32He said I had no right to do so, and I explained the law to him.

00:18:34Yes.

00:18:35Shall I go on, sir?

00:18:36Yes, if you will.

00:18:37He then accompanied me to West Rocksail station, and he asked C.G. Constable Vaughan.

00:18:43Miss Vaughan was out at the time.

00:18:44He then asked, and was allowed to telephone, Inspector Fleming, who was also unavailable.

00:18:48Yes.

00:18:48Inspector Fleming will be giving evidence later, members of the jury.

00:18:52Please continue, Detective Inspector.

00:18:53In the presence of other officers, I then searched the accused with his permission,

00:18:58and found in his possession several visiting cards belonging to an organisation called the

00:19:04Institute for Democratic Solidarity in London.

00:19:07When questioned, Mr. Galway said he was employed by them as a journalist,

00:19:10and after that he refused to answer further questions.

00:19:13Later he was charged with offences against the police act.

00:19:15Yes.

00:19:15Was there any attempt made to investigate whether he had word for this organisation?

00:19:19There was.

00:19:20They said they'd never heard of any, Mr. Galway.

00:19:22So you concluded he was lying?

00:19:24No, sir.

00:19:25On the contrary.

00:19:26Yes, I see.

00:19:27Thank you, Detective Inspector.

00:19:29Miss Denham?

00:19:33You've been admirably brisk so far, Detective Inspector Branigan.

00:19:37I hope to be equally so.

00:19:41Now, my client actually invited you to his room.

00:19:45He did?

00:19:45Where you asked him if he could furnish you with evidence that would implicate the workers'

00:19:49activist group in illegal activities.

00:19:51Yes.

00:19:52You misled him as to your intentions, didn't you?

00:19:56At the time, yes.

00:19:57Now, isn't that considered a dirty practice for the police to follow nowadays?

00:20:01Only in some cases.

00:20:03Now, did my client offer any objection to your searching his room?

00:20:07No.

00:20:08Now, this leaflet that you found so carefully hidden away in a chest of drawers...

00:20:13Why, Garvey and Tomlin matters?

00:20:14That one.

00:20:14Now, did Mr. Galway himself ever use the word faked?

00:20:19He said it expressed in print what the Trotskyists were achieving, in fact.

00:20:22Did he use the word faked?

00:20:25No, madam.

00:20:28Now, as you said, it was intellectual literature, really, wasn't it?

00:20:32Meant for discussion.

00:20:33Not that.

00:20:34If you look at the bottom, it was signed WAG, W-A-G.

00:20:36It was meant for distribution, madam.

00:20:37Have you any evidence that it was, in fact, distributed?

00:20:40No, madam.

00:20:41When he came out of the lavatory, you say, that the window showed signs of having been

00:20:46broken open.

00:20:47Now, did you think that he had tried to escape?

00:20:50It crossed my mind, yes, madam.

00:20:51You didn't smell anything in particular when you went in.

00:20:55I beg your pardon?

00:20:56I'm sorry to offend your sensitivity, but you didn't detect the smell of vomit.

00:21:03Well, yes.

00:21:04Would it surprise you to learn that the accused is a man of equal, if not greater, sensitivity?

00:21:10In the physical sense, I mean.

00:21:11I'm not with you, madam.

00:21:12It never crossed your mind that he had gone there, because of his nerves, to be sick?

00:21:18No.

00:21:18And that was why the window was open.

00:21:21Now, the fact that the Institute for Democratic Solidarity said they had never heard of Mr.

00:21:26Galway seemed to suggest a sinister connection to you.

00:21:29Am I right?

00:21:30I consider it possible, yes.

00:21:32Well, have you any idea of the number of freelance researchers they employ?

00:21:36No, their answer didn't surprise me, that's all.

00:21:39Why?

00:21:39Well, it fits into a certain pattern.

00:21:40You sound as if you're an expert on such organisations, Inspector.

00:21:45I've had four years' experience with the special branch, madam.

00:21:48Yes, I see.

00:21:50And are you aware that the said Institute is a long-subscribing member of BSL?

00:21:57You have heard of it?

00:21:58British Society for Liberty, I'm aware of that, madam.

00:22:00Yes.

00:22:01And are you aware that BSL contains many highly respected members of our community,

00:22:05including some of our own members of Parliament?

00:22:07Yes.

00:22:07And are you seriously suggesting that such people would allow themselves to be connected

00:22:12with an organisation that was in any way suspicious?

00:22:15It's not my job to suggest.

00:22:18I mean, you haven't been exactly straight with us yourself, have you?

00:22:22I don't follow you, madam.

00:22:23I mean, when you investigated the Institute for Democratic Solidarity,

00:22:26you were not on your own, were you?

00:22:28No.

00:22:28Who was with you?

00:22:29I was accompanied by a member of a special branch.

00:22:32Who will not be giving evidence here today, I believe.

00:22:35It's not the usual practice, madam.

00:22:36And now, can you tell me whether the Institute for Democratic Solidarity has been investigated further?

00:22:43I've read I couldn't say.

00:22:47Now, you said in your evidence-in-chief that Mr. Galway was later charged.

00:22:52Now, will you perhaps say why it is that, although you interviewed him on January the 10th,

00:22:57he was not charged until four weeks later?

00:22:59The documents went to the Director of Public Prosecution this first.

00:23:03Yes, that's a convenient reason.

00:23:04I disagree.

00:23:06You or your superiors?

00:23:08It's obligatory when an offence like this is involved.

00:23:11Now, isn't it a fact that the police have recently come under fire for being too right-wing?

00:23:16I wouldn't know about that.

00:23:17Now, I suggest to you that this present case is no more than a public relations tactic on behalf of your force.

00:23:24I wouldn't know about that either.

00:23:25And I suggest that you and your superiors thought twice before proceeding against Mr. Galway with this charge.

00:23:31Uh, Detective Inspector Branigan.

00:23:33Yes, that's true.

00:23:34We could have always had him under the Official Secrets Act or for conspiring to pervert the course of justice.

00:23:39You can take your pick, madam.

00:24:03The cases in Fortress are fictitious.

00:24:06Join us again tomorrow when the Queen against Galway will be resumed in the Crown Court.

00:24:25Francis John Galway has been charged with inciting members of the police force to commit breaches of discipline contrary to the Police Act.

00:24:32The jury in this trial has been selected from members of the public who are eligible for jury service and whose names appeared on the electoral register.

00:24:39Yesterday, the court heard from Chief Constable Vaughan how Galway had offered him forged evidence aimed against a left-wing organisation called the Workers' Activist Group,

00:24:48plus financial backing in the event of a police strike for better conditions.

00:24:52Today is the second day of the prosecution.

00:24:53Now, Inspector Plow, when you met the accused in the Dreamland Club, did he mention his own job?

00:25:04He told me he was a lecturer in sociology and that he was in the midst of preparing a series of lectures about the comparative police methods in different countries.

00:25:11That's why he enjoyed talking to me.

00:25:13And he asked if I'd be interested in providing additional material of the sort he couldn't get through the usual research.

00:25:18Yes.

00:25:18Did he say what sort of material he had in mind?

00:25:21He said he might sound like an intellectual, but what he was really interested in was the feelings of the ordinary policeman about his job,

00:25:27about how the country was being run.

00:25:28He said he'd pay for any help.

00:25:30Yes, sir.

00:25:31How did you react to that?

00:25:33Well, I was flattered, but I told him I wouldn't take any money.

00:25:35Yes.

00:25:36Continue, Inspector, please.

00:25:38Well, we arranged to meet at my house about a week later.

00:25:41And when he came, the defendant spent about two hours with me.

00:25:44We talked mainly about the problem of our image, the police's.

00:25:48I mean the fact that our job is twice as dangerous as a fireman's, but we don't get half the public respect.

00:25:52They do.

00:25:53Mr. Galway is very sympathetic.

00:25:55Yes.

00:25:55Now, can you recall any particular question that he asked you?

00:26:00Yes.

00:26:00He asked me whether there were any circumstances where I'd be prepared to take a firm line against certain offences where it was in my power to do so.

00:26:08Yes.

00:26:08What sort of offences?

00:26:11Picketings, demonstrations, muggings.

00:26:15I thought it was a strange question and I told him that the police already did take a firm line, providing the law had been broken.

00:26:21Mr. Galway just laughed and he said it was a hypothetical question.

00:26:25And on the way out he offered me some money for the interview.

00:26:28Yes.

00:26:28How much?

00:26:29Well, I never got to that because I refused.

00:26:32But he insisted on leaving me with an inflatable duck.

00:26:37An inflatable duck?

00:26:40Yes, it was for my daughter.

00:26:42We'd been talking about her in the Dreamland Club.

00:26:44Oh, yes.

00:26:45I see.

00:26:46And was that the last time you saw one another?

00:26:49No.

00:26:50Sometime later I received a telephone call.

00:26:53Mr. Galway asked me if I fancied a free holiday in Italy.

00:26:56Go on, if you don't mind, Inspector.

00:27:00Well, it seemed there was a law and order conference being held there and he'd been invited to bring a guest.

00:27:05Now I asked him in what capacity I'd be going along and he said, just as an observer.

00:27:10If I was called upon to say a few words, it'd be only good manners to my host to do so.

00:27:14Yes, and what did you reply?

00:27:18Agreed.

00:27:19Yes, and you traveled to Milan on November the 8th, I think.

00:27:23Yes.

00:27:24So, what happened there?

00:27:25Well, we arrived the night before the conference and Mr. Galway took me on a tour of the red light district.

00:27:33He seemed to know it pretty well.

00:27:35Anyway, while we were there, he produced a document which he said he'd like me to read at the conference.

00:27:39Yes.

00:27:40May the witness be shown exhibit two, please.

00:27:42My lord, I don't see what purpose this document will serve.

00:27:45As I understand it, any breach of police discipline arises, not from what may or not have happened in Milan,

00:27:53but from Inspector Fleming's having attended the conference in the first place.

00:27:57Yes, I agree, my lord, but the document also goes as to the extent of the breach.

00:28:01Yes.

00:28:02Yes, I think it is perfectly permissible.

00:28:04As your lordship directs.

00:28:05Thank you, my lord.

00:28:07Now, Inspector Fleming, do you recognize this document?

00:28:12Yes, it's the one I was given.

00:28:13Yes, did you agree to read it at this conference?

00:28:17Yes.

00:28:18Would you please read it to the court?

00:28:22Manifesto for modern Britain.

00:28:24Our nation is rapidly approaching the moment in its history when a government of national emergency will become necessary,

00:28:28which means a government of national unity be a young party or class.

00:28:32Are those of us prepared to follow such an ideal that I wear it?

00:28:37Do you want me to go on?

00:28:38Yes, that's fine.

00:28:39Sir, you read this in front of a gathering of how many people were present?

00:28:42It was about 50 or 60.

00:28:44But the point is that being Italian, I didn't think they understood a word.

00:28:47Yes, did they?

00:28:49Well, it turned out there was an interpreter present.

00:28:51I mean, there were people from the French and Spanish police there.

00:28:54I wasn't the only one.

00:28:54I see.

00:28:55Did the accused speak at all?

00:28:57He just introduced me in Italian, but apart from that, nothing.

00:29:00Yes.

00:29:01Please continue, Inspector.

00:29:03Well, when the manifesto was translated, there was a great deal of applause.

00:29:09And then I was asked some questions through the interpreter.

00:29:11Yes.

00:29:11Do you recall any of them?

00:29:13Only one.

00:29:14I was asked whether the police in Britain were organised politically.

00:29:17Politically?

00:29:18Yes, whether we had any way of protecting our interests the way they do in some of the other countries.

00:29:22And I told them that the police in Britain were non-political by tradition.

00:29:27Well, that brought about a certain amount of amusement, but Galway seemed well pleased.

00:29:32And he invited a few of us to have dinner with him in the old city.

00:29:35Turned out some local bigwig was paying.

00:29:37Yes.

00:29:37Was this a normal dinner?

00:29:40Well, it started out like that.

00:29:42It was a great deal of hospitality.

00:29:45A lot of toast, a friendship, that sort of thing.

00:29:48Then one of them got up and he said in English that he thought the war had all been one big mistake.

00:29:53If only Britain and Italy had fought on the same side, we'd still be running the Mediterranean.

00:29:58And that we were learning the facts of life the hard way in Ulster now.

00:30:02Anyway, I wanted to buy some wine to return the hospitality, but the man at the head of the table, the host,

00:30:09he told me that it was his organisation that had sponsored the conference.

00:30:13And as the official representative of the British police, I was his guest.

00:30:18Now, that was the first time I heard anything about that.

00:30:20Yes, the accused had never suggested to you that you were attending this conference as an official spokesman for the British police force.

00:30:26Never.

00:30:27And when I said that to him, he just laughed and he said no harm had been done.

00:30:32Possibly even good.

00:30:33Yes, did he explain what he meant?

00:30:34Well, he said that was among friends and it was the sort of thing that could lead to promotion.

00:30:37To promotion, yes.

00:30:39Now, did you by any chance, Inspector, find out what organisation was paying for all this?

00:30:45Yes, I made sure of that.

00:30:46A host told me it was the Movimento Italiano Socialista.

00:30:50Is you quite certain of that?

00:30:52Oh, yes, I made a note of that when I got back to the hotel.

00:30:54Yes, I don't think my Leonard friend would dispute that as a known fascist party in Italy.

00:30:59Yes, please go on, Inspector.

00:31:02Well, then our host asked me what I made of Mr. Galway and I told him I hardly knew the man.

00:31:10And then he said that they'd both been together in the...

00:31:12My Lord, this is hearsay evidence.

00:31:14Well, it was said in the presence of the accused, my Lord.

00:31:16Yes, I realise that.

00:31:18Inspector Fleming, did the accused hear what was said?

00:31:22I'm not sure, my Lord.

00:31:23Well, did he have a chance to confirm or deny it?

00:31:26Well, not with all that noise going on.

00:31:27Oh, well, this is clearly inadmissible.

00:31:30I'm grateful for your Lordship's guidance.

00:31:33Please continue, Inspector.

00:31:35Well, it was getting pretty late by then, and then this gentleman, the host, he suggested calling up some women if I felt like one.

00:31:44Yes, and did you?

00:31:46My wife was back at the hotel.

00:31:48Ah, her trip had been paid for too.

00:31:50That's right.

00:31:52Yes.

00:31:52Anyway, we flew back the next day.

00:31:53Now, let me get this quite straight, Inspector Fleming.

00:31:57You attended a law and order conference in Milan without prior permission from your superiors.

00:32:03Yes.

00:32:04Yes, was that a breach of police discipline?

00:32:06Yes.

00:32:07And when the accused represented you as an official spokesman for the British police, you didn't deny it?

00:32:12Well, I denied it to him.

00:32:14But not to your hosts.

00:32:15It was too late by then.

00:32:16Yes, I see.

00:32:18Now, after returning to England, did you have any subsequent contact with the accused?

00:32:23Yes, twice.

00:32:25Sometime in December, he telephoned me and asked if I'd write an article on the Milan conference for a magazine he worked for.

00:32:30He said that he'd help and there'd be a fee.

00:32:33I told him I wanted nothing further to do with him.

00:32:36And then on January the 10th, I received a telephone call at work, and I told the desk sergeant to say that I was out.

00:32:41Yes, that was the day that Mr. Galway was arrested.

00:32:44That's why he tried to telephone me.

00:32:45Yes.

00:32:45Anyway, the following day, Detective Inspector Brannigan, an officer from the special branch, visited me at home, and I told them everything I knew.

00:32:51Yes, and you also furnished them with Exhibit 2, I believe, a manifesto for a modern Briton.

00:32:57Yes, I'd written the menu of that dinner on the back of it for my wife.

00:33:01I mean, the whole thing seemed a bit of a laugh at the time.

00:33:04Yes, thank you, Inspector Fleming.

00:33:06Miss Denham.

00:33:07What's your opinion of my client?

00:33:14Well, if you pardon the expression, I think he's a right bastard.

00:33:17Do you mean a right-wing bastard?

00:33:20Yes, he's that too.

00:33:21Well, I mean, by and large, you two seem to have got on rather well together, wouldn't you say?

00:33:25I mean, you seem to have found plenty to talk about.

00:33:28What are your politics, Inspector?

00:33:31I don't have any.

00:33:31Oh, that is refreshing.

00:33:33A police officer without views.

00:33:35Now, while we're at it, spare us yours, Miss Denham.

00:33:38Yes, of course, my lord.

00:33:40You see, I can't help thinking that you're not being entirely honest with us.

00:33:44I mean, don't you have any attitude to your own job?

00:33:48I mean, do you think you get the backing you deserve and need to do it properly?

00:33:52No.

00:33:53Ah.

00:33:55In what way?

00:33:57Well, we get no thanks, either financially or otherwise, for taking care of the world's

00:34:01dirty linen for them, that's for sure.

00:34:02Oh, you feel strongly on the subject.

00:34:04I do.

00:34:05Would you consider yourself a militant?

00:34:07Definitely not.

00:34:08Oh, but you wouldn't ever be, uh, you wouldn't describe yourself as someone who would be prepared

00:34:14to do anything about it?

00:34:16Like what?

00:34:17Like attend a conference on law and order.

00:34:20I told you it was a holiday.

00:34:22I'm not political.

00:34:23No.

00:34:24No more than the accused is.

00:34:27Now, do you speak Italian?

00:34:29No, madam.

00:34:30So you have no idea of what was said at this conference at all?

00:34:34I know it was organized by the MSI.

00:34:36A Movimento Socialista Italiano.

00:34:39Are you aware that Socialista means socialist?

00:34:41Oh, I think my learned friend is trying to confuse this witness.

00:34:45It's a well-known fact that the Nazis call themselves national socialists.

00:34:50I really don't think you'll help your case with terminology, Miss Stirling.

00:34:54Your Lordship suggests.

00:34:56Now, do you recall the name of your host at this dinner in Milan?

00:35:00Yes, it was a senior friend.

00:35:02Farina.

00:35:03Farina, yes.

00:35:04And are you aware that Signor Farina is a senator in the Italian Parliament?

00:35:08I'm not acquainted with Italian politics.

00:35:10Well, nor am I, but the whole thing seems to be perfectly respectable, doesn't it?

00:35:15I mean, after all, your wife was invited, too.

00:35:18Oh, yes.

00:35:19And if it did strike you in any way suspicious,

00:35:22why didn't you inform your superiors of your trip on your return?

00:35:29Apparently, you even retained possession of the Manifesto for Modern Britain

00:35:33because you had written a menu on the back of it.

00:35:37I told you, it all seemed like a laugh at the time.

00:35:40Then why didn't you get permission from your superiors in the first place?

00:35:46Because I was tricked.

00:35:48How long have you held your present rank, Inspector?

00:35:52Six years.

00:35:52Six years?

00:35:54And you were trying to tell us that my client tricked you?

00:35:58Yes.

00:35:58You see, Mr. Galway feels that it was you who misled him,

00:36:04and he will testify to that.

00:36:06Me?

00:36:06Well, he naturally assumed, well, perhaps mistakenly,

00:36:09that a responsible officer such as yourself

00:36:12would normally seek official approval before attending any conference.

00:36:16I told him at the dinner.

00:36:18What did you tell him?

00:36:19That a responsible officer who considers himself underpaid

00:36:24took the chance of a free holiday?

00:36:26Something like that.

00:36:27Well, it seems that you both misunderstood each other.

00:36:30Fortunately, no harm has been done except to my client.

00:36:33You haven't been suspended from duty, I gather, Inspector.

00:36:36The expression is relieved of duty.

00:36:39Oh, I'm sorry.

00:36:41I've been reprimanded.

00:36:42That's all.

00:36:42It just means that I'll stay in this rank until the day I retire.

00:36:56Read aloud the words on this card.

00:36:58I swear by Almighty God that the evidence I shall give

00:37:01shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.

00:37:03What is your name?

00:37:07Francis John Galway.

00:37:09And your last address was the Raven Guesthouse, Forest Road, Birmingham.

00:37:13That's right.

00:37:14What is your job?

00:37:15I'm a sociological researcher.

00:37:17Now, what was the last piece of research that you were engaged on?

00:37:20A law and order study based on Fulchester.

00:37:22Now, why did you choose Fulchester?

00:37:24Well, it's an ordinary town that gives you a cross-section, unlike Manchester, say.

00:37:29Also, I was brought up here.

00:37:32Now, I'd like to take the allegations that have been made against you in this court one by one.

00:37:37Now, during the...

00:37:37Chief Constable Vaughan and I have been friends in the army.

00:37:41Or rather, I thought we had.

00:37:43Now, during...

00:37:43That was another reason.

00:37:45During your dinner together on January the 4th,

00:37:47it is claimed that you offered to provide the police with financial backing to organise strike action.

00:37:53Now, is this correct?

00:37:54No.

00:37:54I and my employers...

00:37:56The Institute for Democratic Solidarity.

00:37:58Correct.

00:37:59Now, we offered concrete backing to help the police publicise their case for a fairer deal through the media.

00:38:06Now, did you mention to Chief Constable Vaughan a figure somewhere in the thousands?

00:38:10Well, I merely remarked that that was what a properly organised campaign would take.

00:38:13Now, did you claim that there is already a silent majority of police officers

00:38:18who would be willing to support strike action?

00:38:21No.

00:38:22You don't, in fact, know one, do you?

00:38:24Oh, yes, several.

00:38:26Well, that was one of my areas of research.

00:38:29Did you also ask Chief Constable Vaughan, in return for this support,

00:38:34to be allowed access to privileged home office directives?

00:38:38Absolutely not.

00:38:39Well, I mean, that would have cost him his job.

00:38:41What? No, what I wanted was news of what people were thinking

00:38:45without getting it filtered through newspapers.

00:38:47That was all.

00:38:48And now, this leaflet you gave him, Exhibit 1,

00:38:52now, was this, as has been alleged,

00:38:54a forgery which you encouraged him to use to prosecute a Trotskyist organisation?

00:38:58Well, hardly, since I was the author of it.

00:39:00You yourself?

00:39:01Yes, I mean, it was a...

00:39:03...for literature among the workers' activist group.

00:39:08I mean, Vaughan knew it wasn't meant to be genuine.

00:39:09Well, it is signed, WAG.

00:39:12Authenticity.

00:39:13See, I wrote it for my lectures.

00:39:15I thought he might be able to use it for training.

00:39:18It's amazing the reactions one gets.

00:39:20Now, Detective Inspector Branigan found 200 copies in your room.

00:39:25Well, I was hoping for 200 interested students.

00:39:27I mean, subversive organisations were another area of research.

00:39:31Now, how do you account for Mr. Vaughan's having misinterpreted you?

00:39:37Well, we talked about a great many things that evening.

00:39:40The obvious is retained only one or two of them.

00:39:43You see, when he said that I was a little drunk,

00:39:45I returned the compliment.

00:39:47I mean, I even left my telephone number with him.

00:39:50Now, may we turn to Inspector Fleming's evidence.

00:39:53Was your meeting in the Dreamland Club accidental?

00:39:56Pure coincidence.

00:39:58Now, he and his wife subsequently flew with you

00:40:01to a law and order conference in Milan.

00:40:04Now, under what arrangement?

00:40:06Well, he was under no obligation, except that of any guest.

00:40:10I mean, I expected him to have obtained his superior's permission,

00:40:13but quite honestly, I think the snob value of a trip with all expenses paid

00:40:17got the better of him.

00:40:18Now, when later that night he told you that he had not, in fact, done so,

00:40:23you apparently told him that it was the kind of thing

00:40:27that could lead to promotion.

00:40:29Now, what did you mean by that?

00:40:30I'm afraid Inspector Fleming doesn't have much of a sense of humour.

00:40:33He is also more than a little vicious.

00:40:36Now, on the 10th of January,

00:40:37you were visited at your lodging by Detective Inspector Brannigan.

00:40:41Now, what was your initial reaction?

00:40:43I thought he was an acquaintance of Chief Constable Vaughan's.

00:40:47He was friendly, seemed interested,

00:40:50offering him a whisky.

00:40:51Now, how long did this interest of his last?

00:40:54I suppose as long as it took him to search my room.

00:40:57You asked him if you could go to the toilet, I believe.

00:41:00Yes.

00:41:00Now, was that, as has been alleged, in order to escape?

00:41:04No.

00:41:05What did you do there?

00:41:07I was sick.

00:41:09After you were taken to West Rockstale Station,

00:41:11apparently you tried to telephone Chief Constable Vaughan

00:41:13and then Inspector Fleming.

00:41:15I thought there had been a mistake.

00:41:17Who were both of them unavailable?

00:41:19Yes.

00:41:20Never expected to be treated like that.

00:41:22Now, this research was undertaken

00:41:25on behalf of the Institute for Democratic Solidarity.

00:41:28Now, will you tell the court

00:41:29how you came to be commissioned by that organisation?

00:41:32It was Libya, really.

00:41:33Yeah.

00:41:34I'm sorry?

00:41:35I was stationed there just after the war,

00:41:39with Mr. Vaughan.

00:41:40You see, I'd studied Italian,

00:41:42so when we took over the place from Italy,

00:41:43it came in quite useful.

00:41:45Then we were demobbed,

00:41:47and after they got their independence in 1948,

00:41:50I went back there to teach English.

00:41:51Yes.

00:41:52Of course, it wasn't real independence,

00:41:53just the Foreign Office variety.

00:41:55Mr. Gawrway...

00:41:55Yes, I'm coming to that in a minute.

00:41:58The day Colonel Gaddafi made his revolution,

00:42:00most of us out there were in favour.

00:42:02Now, there's a man.

00:42:03I mean, he got rid of the parasite class forever.

00:42:06Unfortunately, I left round about the same time.

00:42:08It was then that I was introduced to the IDS.

00:42:12How?

00:42:13Through a mutual concern for wider issues.

00:42:16Now, will you tell the court

00:42:16what your relationship with them is?

00:42:19Yes, I was commissioned on a freelance basis

00:42:21to do research for a series of articles they had in mind.

00:42:25On what subject?

00:42:26The collapse of Western democracy.

00:42:28Now, you are the author of two recent books, are you not?

00:42:31Aspects of Contemporary Morality

00:42:34and South Africa, The Truth.

00:42:36You've been misled.

00:42:38The first was a collection of articles.

00:42:41But equally academic,

00:42:42not to say harmless in its aims.

00:42:44Excuse me, but what I write is not harmless.

00:42:47I despise that.

00:42:48It's not harmless to want a society

00:42:50based on something better than statistics,

00:42:52something people can trust.

00:42:53But in fact...

00:42:54Now, you have to understand

00:42:55there's very little of it left.

00:42:57If two little boys are playing in the street

00:42:59and one gives the other an apple,

00:43:00all the communists say is

00:43:02this is an example of relative relationship.

00:43:06Now, Mr. Galway, look, please.

00:43:08When you came to Forchester,

00:43:10what was your purpose?

00:43:12To investigate democracy.

00:43:15To identify the rotten apples.

00:43:17Not create them.

00:43:18Now, do you consider that Chief Constable Vaughan

00:43:20and Inspector Fleming understood that purpose?

00:43:24No.

00:43:26No, I have no hard feelings.

00:43:29In fact, I'm genuinely sorry

00:43:30for what happened to Inspector Fleming.

00:43:33But if Britain's future's

00:43:34in the hands of people like them,

00:43:36God help it.

00:43:43You seem to be a much misunderstood man,

00:43:46Mr. Galway.

00:43:48Oh, are you a member of the Dreamland Club?

00:43:52No.

00:43:52How did you gain admittance?

00:43:53I mean, you realise it's for members only.

00:43:58Yes.

00:43:59I can't remember now.

00:44:01I see.

00:44:02When did you leave Libya?

00:44:041971.

00:44:06Yes.

00:44:06And you said that is when

00:44:07you were first introduced

00:44:08to the Institute for Democratic Solidarity.

00:44:11I don't believe so.

00:44:16Oh, yes, you did.

00:44:18Don't believe so.

00:44:20That's your thoughts.

00:44:21Have you ever noticed this?

00:44:22Oh, um...

00:44:24No, I'm afraid not.

00:44:26I suggest we consult

00:44:28the shorthand record.

00:44:29Could you just look back

00:44:30and see if you...

00:44:31Yes, ma'am.

00:44:31Be about a...

00:44:35Same time.

00:44:36That was when I was introduced

00:44:37to the IDS.

00:44:39Oh, thanks.

00:44:39Sorry, my fault.

00:44:42In fact, you weren't employed

00:44:44by them until 1975.

00:44:46Not employed, no.

00:44:47No.

00:44:47What were you doing

00:44:48in the intervening period?

00:44:50I was looking around

00:44:51for something new.

00:44:52I still had a little

00:44:53of the indispensable,

00:44:54save for my teaching.

00:44:55Yes, you prefer that word

00:44:56to money.

00:44:58Sorry?

00:44:58You prefer euphemisms?

00:45:00Why should I?

00:45:01Well, I suppose

00:45:01because they're only

00:45:02halfway to being lies.

00:45:04Actually, you were doing

00:45:05what actors call resting.

00:45:07Don't follow?

00:45:08Well, you were on the dough.

00:45:10Ah, very good.

00:45:13Yes.

00:45:15Now, how much were you paid

00:45:17by the IDS

00:45:18for this series

00:45:20on Western democracy?

00:45:21Oh, I need a moment

00:45:22to work that out.

00:45:24Yes, I'm sure you would.

00:45:25My lord, my learned friend

00:45:26is insinuating, yet again,

00:45:28without saying what he means.

00:45:29Yes, I apologise, my lord.

00:45:30I withdraw the question.

00:45:31How much were you paid

00:45:33for taking Inspector Fleming

00:45:34to Milan?

00:45:35I wasn't.

00:45:36I would have answered

00:45:37your first question, too.

00:45:41Now, according to

00:45:42Chief Constable Vaughan,

00:45:43you promised him

00:45:44the kind of voice

00:45:46the authorities

00:45:46couldn't afford to ignore,

00:45:48which could paralyze

00:45:49this nation

00:45:50faster than any

00:45:51tuppany-havenny

00:45:52miners' stoppage.

00:45:53I didn't promise anything.

00:45:55But you employed those words.

00:45:57It's possible.

00:45:58Yes.

00:45:58Now, what did you mean?

00:46:00I wanted him to realise

00:46:01the police aren't just

00:46:02another service.

00:46:03What are they?

00:46:04They're like nurses.

00:46:06They're used.

00:46:07Now, are you aware

00:46:08that it's illegal

00:46:09for the police force

00:46:10to go on strike?

00:46:11Yes, of course.

00:46:12But I put it to you

00:46:13that you were persuading

00:46:15Chief Constable Vaughan

00:46:16to support a strike.

00:46:18You can put it to me

00:46:19by all means,

00:46:20but you know that

00:46:20I'm against industrial action.

00:46:22Otherwise, I wouldn't have

00:46:23opposed the pickets

00:46:24of Garvey and Tomlin.

00:46:26Yes.

00:46:27Could the witness be shown

00:46:28Exhibit 1, please?

00:46:33Now, is this the document

00:46:35that you gave

00:46:36to Chief Constable Vaughan,

00:46:38Mr. Boyer?

00:46:39On Trotsky's organisations?

00:46:41Yes.

00:46:42Now, will you read for us,

00:46:43please, paragraph 5?

00:46:47Until the dispute

00:46:48we are engaged in

00:46:49at Garvey and Tomlin

00:46:50is repeated

00:46:50and won nationwide,

00:46:52there can be no

00:46:53workers' democracy here

00:46:54as has flourished

00:46:55for 60 years

00:46:56in the Soviet Union.

00:46:57Yes.

00:46:58You see, you're not even

00:46:58really a very good liar,

00:47:00are you, Mr. Corway?

00:47:01It's fairly well known

00:47:02that there's one system

00:47:03that Trotsky hates

00:47:04almost as much as capitalism.

00:47:06It's Soviet-style communism.

00:47:07And organisations

00:47:09such as the

00:47:10Workers' Activist Group

00:47:11can't normally afford

00:47:13the sort of printing

00:47:14we see here.

00:47:15I put it to you

00:47:16that you gave

00:47:16this forged document

00:47:18to Chief Constable Vaughan

00:47:20in order to induce him

00:47:21to initiate

00:47:22a false accusation

00:47:24against the

00:47:25Workers' Activist Group.

00:47:26It was just meant

00:47:27for students.

00:47:27I've mentioned that before.

00:47:28Yes.

00:47:29I seem to remember

00:47:30you saying

00:47:31you were expecting

00:47:32several hundred of them.

00:47:33At the time, I was.

00:47:35From where?

00:47:37Look, I've never been anti-left.

00:47:41Good gracious, I...

00:47:43I mean, that's what

00:47:44Mr. Vaughan couldn't understand.

00:47:46I even asked him

00:47:46whether he'd work

00:47:48under a Marxist government

00:47:49if the time came.

00:47:50I suppose you're going to tell us

00:47:51that's what you meant

00:47:52by a government

00:47:55of national emergency

00:47:57in your manifesto, are you?

00:47:58Don't you listen?

00:47:59I said beyond party or class.

00:48:01I mean, look at Gaddafi.

00:48:03Look at...

00:48:04Have you ever read any classics?

00:48:06I'm afraid not.

00:48:08Well, read about the collapse

00:48:09of the Roman Empire

00:48:12and then look around you.

00:48:15What are you trying to say?

00:48:17Let me put it another way.

00:48:19If you ever get the chance,

00:48:21watch a shoal of fish in the sea.

00:48:23All free,

00:48:24all reacting as one,

00:48:25and then open a sardine tin.

00:48:28All reacting as one.

00:48:30That's the choice.

00:48:33Yes, well...

00:48:35Most right-wing philosophers

00:48:37tend to rely on pure emotion,

00:48:39Mr. Galway.

00:48:41Now, let me be quite clear about this.

00:48:43You told Chief Constable Vaughan

00:48:44that you were a freelance journalist

00:48:45doing a series on law and order.

00:48:47Is that correct?

00:48:48Yes.

00:48:49And you gave Inspector Fleming

00:48:50to understand

00:48:51that you were a sociology lecturer

00:48:53who was investigating

00:48:54comparative police methods

00:48:56in different countries.

00:48:57They might never have spoken

00:48:58to me otherwise.

00:48:59Surely that's reasonable.

00:49:00Yes.

00:49:01Now, subversive organizations

00:49:02were another area of research,

00:49:04I think you said.

00:49:05Yes.

00:49:06Now, can you tell us

00:49:07which of these projected articles,

00:49:09books or lectures

00:49:10in fact materialized?

00:49:12None.

00:49:13They were dropped.

00:49:14which is why I couldn't tell you

00:49:15exactly how much I was paid.

00:49:17Just like that,

00:49:18they were dropped.

00:49:19Yes.

00:49:20Do you know why?

00:49:21My lord,

00:49:22I will be calling a representative

00:49:23of the Institute for Democratic Solidarity

00:49:26tomorrow

00:49:26and my learned friend

00:49:28can ask him that question then.

00:49:30I can tell you

00:49:31because we've been turned

00:49:32into a scapegoat,

00:49:34a scarecrow

00:49:34for the benefit

00:49:35of police-public relations.

00:49:37If you want a farce,

00:49:38you have it.

00:49:38What farce, Mr. Gourway?

00:49:40This trial,

00:49:41this exercise in promoting

00:49:42a more liberal image

00:49:43for your copper.

00:49:44I mean,

00:49:44there never has been

00:49:45a fascist conspiracy

00:49:46in this country

00:49:47and there isn't now.

00:49:48The idea's just ludicrous.

00:49:51Well,

00:49:51if that were true,

00:49:53why were you going to bother

00:49:54researching the subject

00:49:55in the first place?

00:50:08The cases in Fulchester

00:50:24are fictitious.

00:50:26Join us again tomorrow

00:50:27when the Queen against Galway

00:50:28will be concluded

00:50:29in the Crown Court.

00:50:38Francis Galway is charged

00:50:48with offences

00:50:49under the Police Act.

00:50:50He is alleged to have

00:50:51incited members of the force

00:50:52to commit breaches of discipline,

00:50:54acting on behalf

00:50:55of an organisation

00:50:55known as the Institute

00:50:57for Democratic Solidarity.

00:50:59The jury in this trial

00:51:00has been selected

00:51:00from members of the public

00:51:01who are eligible

00:51:02for jury service

00:51:03and whose names appear

00:51:04on the electoral register.

00:51:08You are Mary Ann Holt

00:51:11and you live at

00:51:1142 Aston Crescent, Birmingham.

00:51:14Yes.

00:51:14Are you acquainted

00:51:15with the defendant

00:51:16in this case?

00:51:17Yes.

00:51:17How?

00:51:18He was my husband.

00:51:19What is your profession?

00:51:21I'm a lecturer

00:51:21in sociology.

00:51:23At Birmingham University,

00:51:24I believe.

00:51:25Yes.

00:51:26Now, Mrs. Holt,

00:51:27would you please tell the court

00:51:28in your own words

00:51:29what you know

00:51:30about the defendant?

00:51:31Yes.

00:51:32I first met Frank,

00:51:33the defendant,

00:51:35in Libya.

00:51:36That was in 1954.

00:51:37He was teaching English there

00:51:39and I was doing a job

00:51:41for the British Council

00:51:42in several of the Arab countries.

00:51:44Is that the sort

00:51:45of information you want?

00:51:46Oh, yes.

00:51:47Please proceed.

00:51:48We were married

00:51:49the following year.

00:51:50Frank was in love

00:51:51with the place

00:51:52he had been from the start.

00:51:54When he first arrived there,

00:51:55there was only

00:51:56a small population

00:51:57of about 500,000 people,

00:51:59most of them Bedouin.

00:52:00We both of us despised

00:52:02what the British

00:52:02and Americans were doing.

00:52:03Mrs. Holt,

00:52:04perhaps if we could...

00:52:05I thought you wanted

00:52:06my own words.

00:52:06Yes, I apologise.

00:52:08Well, it was a wonderful country,

00:52:10but overall,

00:52:11it was miserable.

00:52:13Frank felt that.

00:52:14He never charged

00:52:15too much for his lessons,

00:52:16but there was so much

00:52:17corruption there

00:52:18that he lost up

00:52:19with the European community

00:52:20as well in the end.

00:52:22Then in 1969,

00:52:24the colonel came along.

00:52:25Gaddafi?

00:52:26Yes.

00:52:27I don't suppose

00:52:27Frank would like

00:52:28to admit this now,

00:52:29but he idolised the man,

00:52:32except, of course,

00:52:32for his ban on alcohol.

00:52:34Anyway, Gaddafi

00:52:35cleaned things up

00:52:36and he nationalised

00:52:38all the big

00:52:38foreign corporations.

00:52:40Unfortunately,

00:52:41Frank's firm

00:52:41was one of them

00:52:42and he lost his job.

00:52:44He was the classic...

00:52:45Yes?

00:52:46Well, he was the classic

00:52:47fly that gets squashed.

00:52:50After that,

00:52:50he finished with Libya

00:52:51and we separated

00:52:53about the same time.

00:52:55Have you met subsequently?

00:52:56Oh, yes,

00:52:57on various occasions.

00:52:58And when was the last time?

00:53:00It was January of this year.

00:53:02I went to a room

00:53:03in a guest house

00:53:05just outside Birmingham.

00:53:06Now, did you form

00:53:07any impression of him

00:53:09at that time?

00:53:09Of what he was thinking?

00:53:11Thinking and doing.

00:53:12Oh, yes.

00:53:13He told me that he thought

00:53:14all countries

00:53:15ought to set their own houses

00:53:16in order

00:53:16before they started on others.

00:53:18And he said he was glad

00:53:19he hadn't stayed in Libya

00:53:20because he'd found

00:53:21a worthwhile job here at last.

00:53:23What was that?

00:53:24Research.

00:53:25Well, you only had

00:53:26to look at the room.

00:53:27Well, apart from

00:53:28a few tins of baked beans,

00:53:30it was just a mass of books.

00:53:31Books and old magazine articles

00:53:34with his notes in the margins.

00:53:36There were practically

00:53:36no personal possessions at all.

00:53:39Yes.

00:53:40Now, Mrs. Holt,

00:53:42in your experience

00:53:43of the accused

00:53:44and bearing in mind

00:53:45your professional qualifications,

00:53:47now, would you say...

00:53:48I think my learned friend

00:53:50is trying to persuade us

00:53:51that this is an expert testimony.

00:53:53I merely wanted to remind the jury

00:53:55that the witness

00:53:56is a trained sociologist.

00:53:58Yes, and you'd also want

00:53:59to remind them

00:54:00that sociology

00:54:00is an inexact science

00:54:03and the accused

00:54:04was her husband.

00:54:05Oh, of course, my lord.

00:54:07Mrs. Holt,

00:54:08how would you describe

00:54:10Mr. Galway?

00:54:11As a person

00:54:12that hates corruption.

00:54:14Yes, could you be

00:54:15more specific?

00:54:17A dreamer.

00:54:18Frank's not dangerous.

00:54:19He has no desire to be.

00:54:21Well, I should know.

00:54:22I lived with him

00:54:23for 15 years.

00:54:24Yes.

00:54:24Could you please...

00:54:33Yes, could you give the court

00:54:34an example of what you mean

00:54:35by not dangerous?

00:54:37Yes.

00:54:37Take the guest house

00:54:39where he was staying.

00:54:41If he'd had any intention

00:54:42of committing these so-called crimes

00:54:44with which he's been charged,

00:54:46you've only got to look at that room.

00:54:47I mean, it was an open invitation

00:54:50for anyone,

00:54:50not only me,

00:54:51but anyone,

00:54:52to walk in and read

00:54:53the whole story of his life,

00:54:54past, present, and future.

00:54:57Now, did he say anything

00:54:59to you on that occasion?

00:55:01Yes, I don't really like

00:55:02to repeat that sort of thing,

00:55:04but it is important...

00:55:05My lord,

00:55:06will your lordship

00:55:07allow me to say something?

00:55:08No, not while the witness

00:55:09is being examined.

00:55:11Your counsel

00:55:11could always recall you,

00:55:13if you wish.

00:55:13That's the point.

00:55:15I resent her attempt

00:55:16to present me to the jury

00:55:17as some sort of harmless eccentric.

00:55:19I don't want their pity.

00:55:20No.

00:55:20And I don't want

00:55:22her private life

00:55:23put in front of them,

00:55:24especially that.

00:55:25Now, Miss Durham,

00:55:26I think perhaps you'd better

00:55:27take further instructions

00:55:28from your client.

00:55:28Yes, my lord.

00:55:32Do you think you're going

00:55:33to need an adjournment,

00:55:35Miss Durham?

00:55:37No, my lord.

00:55:38Yes, it's all right.

00:55:40Mrs. Holt,

00:55:45from your knowledge

00:55:45of your ex-husband,

00:55:47would you describe him

00:55:49as a person having

00:55:50any propensity

00:55:51towards political action

00:55:53of any kind?

00:55:54In one word?

00:55:55Yes.

00:55:56Mr. Galway is incapable

00:55:57of any of the kind

00:55:59of action

00:55:59that you all have in mind.

00:56:01He always was.

00:56:06Mrs. Holt,

00:56:07you've described

00:56:07my landed friend's client

00:56:08as a dreamer.

00:56:09Let's see how much

00:56:10of a dreamer he is.

00:56:13Is that a question?

00:56:15Oh, no, not yet.

00:56:18How long is it, in fact,

00:56:19since you and your husband

00:56:21were actually living together?

00:56:24Uh, six years.

00:56:26Yes.

00:56:26And how often have you

00:56:26seen each other

00:56:27in that time?

00:56:28Oh, every few months.

00:56:30Yes, sir.

00:56:30You can't be quite sure,

00:56:31really,

00:56:32what he was actually doing.

00:56:33On the contrary,

00:56:34I have every knowledge

00:56:35of what he was doing.

00:56:36What was that?

00:56:37Well, a variety of things.

00:56:38He was, uh...

00:56:39Hey, did you know

00:56:39that he was on the dole?

00:56:40Well, he wasn't.

00:56:42He was on Social Security.

00:56:44Well, oh,

00:56:45we won't quibble over a word.

00:56:47Just let's say

00:56:47that your husband

00:56:48stayed out of work

00:56:49for rather a long time.

00:56:51Just as he'll stay out of work

00:56:53after this trial is over.

00:56:54Win or lose.

00:56:56Yes, I can imagine.

00:56:57Now, Mr. Parsons,

00:56:58we've managed to keep

00:56:58personal feelings

00:56:59out of this so far.

00:57:01Now, let's keep it that way.

00:57:02My lord.

00:57:04Now, this last meeting,

00:57:05Mrs. Holt,

00:57:06at the Raven Guest House,

00:57:08did you discuss

00:57:09with Mr. Galway

00:57:10who his employers were?

00:57:11No.

00:57:12Now, I wonder why not.

00:57:13Because I didn't ask him.

00:57:15Why not?

00:57:16Well, since you're wondering,

00:57:17because I wanted to feel

00:57:18that he was standing

00:57:19on his own two feet

00:57:20for once.

00:57:21You still seem to retain

00:57:22a certain amount of affection

00:57:23for the accused,

00:57:24Mrs. Holt.

00:57:25Is that another question?

00:57:27If you wish.

00:57:28I do, yes.

00:57:29Yes.

00:57:30I think it's affecting

00:57:31your testimony.

00:57:32Well, you may think so,

00:57:33but I assure you

00:57:34that it isn't.

00:57:35I mean, you never seriously

00:57:36believed the story

00:57:37of being contracted

00:57:37to do research work,

00:57:39did you?

00:57:39Frank believed he was.

00:57:41Yes, that's the question,

00:57:43isn't it?

00:57:44I mean, according to you,

00:57:45he said,

00:57:47every country had to set

00:57:48its house in order

00:57:49before starting another.

00:57:51Yes.

00:57:51I mean, didn't it surprise

00:57:52you to learn

00:57:53that he was responsible

00:57:54for one of our senior

00:57:55police officers

00:57:56going to a conference

00:57:57in Milan

00:57:57organized by fascists?

00:57:59Well, that's really

00:58:00rather a stupid question.

00:58:02Well, perhaps it is.

00:58:04Will you answer it?

00:58:05No, it doesn't surprise me

00:58:07because it doesn't alter

00:58:08the fact that personally

00:58:09he's harmless.

00:58:11Well, for a harmless man,

00:58:12Mr. Corway

00:58:13had rather a lot of money

00:58:14at his disposal

00:58:15quite suddenly.

00:58:16Well, if I were you,

00:58:17I would concentrate more

00:58:18on the people

00:58:18who put it at his disposal.

00:58:20He and Inspector Fleming

00:58:21are not big fish.

00:58:23Yes.

00:58:24Well, I think you may be

00:58:25underestimating your husband,

00:58:27Mrs. Holt.

00:58:30You may leave

00:58:31the witness box.

00:58:37I call Stephen Marcus Rabinowitz.

00:58:42Stephen Marcus Rabinowitz.

00:58:43Stephen Marcus Rabinowitz.

00:58:43What is your religion?

00:58:54Protestant.

00:58:55Will you take the Bible

00:58:55in your right hand

00:58:56and read aloud

00:58:57the words on the card?

00:58:59I swear by almighty God

00:59:00that the evidence

00:59:01I shall give

00:59:01shall be the truth,

00:59:02the whole truth,

00:59:03and nothing but the truth.

00:59:06Please tell the court

00:59:07your name and address.

00:59:08In England?

00:59:09If you please.

00:59:10Stephen Rabinowitz,

00:59:1127 River Edge Gardens,

00:59:13London SW6.

00:59:14And you are a member

00:59:15of the Institute

00:59:15for Democratic Solidarity?

00:59:17I'm its organizing secretary

00:59:19in this country.

00:59:20Now, could you tell us

00:59:21in a word

00:59:22what your organization represents?

00:59:25In a word,

00:59:25it represents anyone

00:59:26who feels the need

00:59:27for moral leadership

00:59:28in our age.

00:59:30You're acquainted

00:59:31with my client,

00:59:32I believe.

00:59:33Yes.

00:59:34Now, will you tell this court

00:59:35the circumstances

00:59:36under which you

00:59:36became acquainted?

00:59:38Certainly.

00:59:39One of our members

00:59:40met him at a series

00:59:40of lectures in 1975

00:59:42and recommended him to me.

00:59:44As what?

00:59:46A sensitive person

00:59:47with experience.

00:59:48Yes, apart from that,

00:59:49how did he strike you?

00:59:51Depressed.

00:59:52He'd just spent some time

00:59:53with a divine light mission,

00:59:55unsuccessfully

00:59:56to judge by his state.

00:59:58Anyway, we both agreed

00:59:59that idealism was useless

01:00:01unless you can channel it.

01:00:02What result

01:00:03did your conversation have?

01:00:05Mr. Galway was invited

01:00:07to undertake

01:00:07the odd piece

01:00:08of freelance research.

01:00:10My information

01:00:11is that he wrote

01:00:12two books

01:00:13for a publishing house

01:00:14connected with you

01:00:15known as

01:00:15Free Franchise Features.

01:00:18I believe so.

01:00:19And following that,

01:00:20there was another contract,

01:00:21I understand.

01:00:22Now, what did this consist of?

01:00:25It was verbal.

01:00:27Yes, I understand that.

01:00:28But what were its contents?

01:00:30They were of a sensitive nature.

01:00:32Yes, I'm sure.

01:00:33Just as you have described

01:00:35my client,

01:00:36whose arrest

01:00:36they directly affected.

01:00:38Pardon me.

01:00:39It's not that

01:00:40I'm thinking of right now.

01:00:41It's just that

01:00:41it wouldn't be

01:00:42in the public's interest

01:00:43to discuss them.

01:00:44Some people might get

01:00:45the wrong idea

01:00:45about our motives

01:00:46and that wouldn't help

01:00:47your client.

01:00:48With the greatest respect.

01:00:50That is my concern.

01:00:52Mr. Rabinowitz,

01:00:53you seem to believe

01:00:54that you enjoy

01:00:54some special privilege

01:00:56in this court.

01:00:58I'll leave that

01:00:58to your honor's good judgment.

01:00:59The only public interest

01:01:01which operates here

01:01:02is that of the law.

01:01:03You see,

01:01:04if you continue

01:01:05to refuse

01:01:05to answer counsel's questions,

01:01:07I can,

01:01:08if I wish,

01:01:09rule you a hostile witness.

01:01:11I really don't think

01:01:13that'll be necessary.

01:01:14See,

01:01:14what does that mean?

01:01:15It means you'll be able

01:01:16to cross-examine you,

01:01:17to ask you leading questions.

01:01:20I'll answer it.

01:01:22Oh,

01:01:22and you call me my lord.

01:01:24I'm sorry.

01:01:25That's all right.

01:01:26Miss Dillon?

01:01:27Now,

01:01:27what were the contents

01:01:29of your contract?

01:01:31Mr. Galway was invited

01:01:32to research

01:01:33the breakdown of democracy

01:01:34in this country.

01:01:36I told you

01:01:36you wouldn't find it

01:01:37pleasant listening.

01:01:38In what area?

01:01:39The forces,

01:01:40starting with the police.

01:01:42Oh,

01:01:43excuse me,

01:01:43I should have said

01:01:44the possibilities

01:01:45of a breakdown

01:01:45of democracy.

01:01:47Now,

01:01:48this next question

01:01:49is rather important.

01:01:51How was Mr. Galway

01:01:53to go about

01:01:54this research?

01:01:56He was given

01:01:57a free hand.

01:01:57Results were what counted.

01:01:58How free?

01:01:59Completely.

01:02:00When you give a man a job,

01:02:01you trust him,

01:02:02don't you?

01:02:02Now,

01:02:03did that free hand

01:02:04include offering

01:02:05the police

01:02:06financial aid?

01:02:07Certainly not.

01:02:08He was authorized

01:02:09to suggest

01:02:10the possibility

01:02:11of our sponsoring

01:02:12various seminars

01:02:14in law and order,

01:02:14that kind of thing,

01:02:15if they felt

01:02:16there was some value

01:02:17in collaborating.

01:02:18Now,

01:02:18would it have included,

01:02:19as the prosecution

01:02:20have alleged,

01:02:21his promising

01:02:22Chief Constable Vaughan

01:02:23your support

01:02:24in the event

01:02:24of a police strike?

01:02:26My lord,

01:02:27aren't I right

01:02:27in thinking

01:02:28that they're forbidden

01:02:29by law to strike?

01:02:31You are quite correct.

01:02:32Well,

01:02:33there's your answer,

01:02:33negative.

01:02:34Now,

01:02:35could the free hand

01:02:35have included

01:02:36Mr. Galway

01:02:37requesting access

01:02:38to secret

01:02:39Home Office

01:02:40directives

01:02:41as Chief Constable

01:02:43Vaughan

01:02:44claims he did

01:02:44later in the course

01:02:45of that same dinner?

01:02:46Certainly not.

01:02:47Might it conceivably

01:02:49have included

01:02:50his offering

01:02:50to supply

01:02:51Mr. Vaughan

01:02:52with forged evidence

01:02:54for the purpose

01:02:55of falsely prosecuting

01:02:57a left-wing organization?

01:02:58Is that a serious question?

01:03:00Oh, perfectly serious.

01:03:01The answer is no.

01:03:04Now,

01:03:05may we now turn

01:03:06to the allegations

01:03:07arising from

01:03:07Inspector Fleming's

01:03:09visit to a conference

01:03:10in Milan

01:03:10on November 9th

01:03:13of last year.

01:03:14Now,

01:03:14as far as

01:03:15your organization

01:03:16is concerned,

01:03:18was there any intention

01:03:19that he should,

01:03:20without his knowledge,

01:03:22be represented

01:03:24at that conference

01:03:25as an official spokesman

01:03:27of the British police?

01:03:29None

01:03:29that I'm aware of.

01:03:30As I understand it,

01:03:31the gentleman

01:03:32wasn't even in uniform.

01:03:33Exactly,

01:03:34Mr. Rewinowitz.

01:03:35Now,

01:03:36if someone were

01:03:36to tell you

01:03:37that my client's

01:03:38activities

01:03:38on behalf

01:03:39of your organization

01:03:40were politically

01:03:42subversive,

01:03:43what would you answer?

01:03:46I'd point out

01:03:47to them

01:03:47that politically

01:03:48your client's

01:03:49a lightweight.

01:03:50You must have

01:03:51heard him give testimony,

01:03:52evidence,

01:03:53but as a researcher

01:03:54he's pure gold.

01:03:55If it hadn't been

01:03:56for this case,

01:03:56he might have had

01:03:57a future with us.

01:04:00Oh,

01:04:01please stay there.

01:04:14Mr. Rewinowitz,

01:04:15what does the Institute

01:04:17for Democratic Solidarity

01:04:19support in concrete terms?

01:04:22Could you give me an example?

01:04:23I'd like you

01:04:27to give me one.

01:04:28In what field?

01:04:30In any field.

01:04:31Well,

01:04:32take industry.

01:04:33Our organization

01:04:34supports the right

01:04:35of the individual

01:04:36not to strike

01:04:37if he or she

01:04:37so chooses.

01:04:39Yes.

01:04:39So what about

01:04:40the police?

01:04:41I'm sorry,

01:04:42I don't understand

01:04:42the question.

01:04:43Where does that

01:04:44leave them?

01:04:45Ah,

01:04:45I'm glad you asked

01:04:46me that.

01:04:47You see,

01:04:47they're in a unique

01:04:48position.

01:04:49I mean,

01:04:49when a country

01:04:50loses respect

01:04:51for its armed forces,

01:04:52that's the beginning

01:04:53of moral breakdown.

01:04:54Yes.

01:04:54You think the police

01:04:55deserve more sympathy?

01:04:57Yes,

01:04:57but I don't want

01:04:58to tell you

01:04:58how to run

01:04:59your own affairs.

01:05:00No,

01:05:01I'm sure.

01:05:02Now,

01:05:03what made you think

01:05:03that Mr. Galway

01:05:04was the right person

01:05:05to research

01:05:06police problems?

01:05:08Nothing specific.

01:05:09I mean,

01:05:10to your knowledge,

01:05:10had he ever worked

01:05:11in this field before?

01:05:12Not to my knowledge.

01:05:13No.

01:05:14Now,

01:05:15these two books

01:05:16he wrote for you,

01:05:17for your publishing

01:05:18subsidiary,

01:05:19Free Franchise Features,

01:05:21Do you know

01:05:22how many copies

01:05:23of those were sold?

01:05:25None.

01:05:25None?

01:05:26They were always

01:05:26intended to be

01:05:27distributed privately,

01:05:29free of charge.

01:05:30I'd say you have

01:05:30publications and

01:05:31public relations

01:05:32a little mixed up.

01:05:33And while we're

01:05:34on the subject,

01:05:35I'd like to correct

01:05:36the impression

01:05:36that Free Franchise

01:05:37Features is a

01:05:39subsidiary of ours.

01:05:40They're totally

01:05:40independent.

01:05:41Ah,

01:05:42I believe they're

01:05:42no longer in existence.

01:05:44Uh,

01:05:44yes,

01:05:45they have terminated,

01:05:46I believe.

01:05:47Do you know

01:05:48when that was?

01:05:49Uh,

01:05:49around February.

01:05:50Yes,

01:05:51around the same time

01:05:52as Mr. Galway's

01:05:53arrest,

01:05:53in fact.

01:05:54Yes.

01:05:55I see.

01:05:57And,

01:05:57at approximately

01:05:57at the same time,

01:05:59Detective Inspector

01:05:59Branigan visited

01:06:00your offices in London

01:06:01with a member

01:06:02of the special branch

01:06:03where a secretary,

01:06:05um,

01:06:06I believe you

01:06:07happened not to be

01:06:08there at that

01:06:08precise moment,

01:06:10a secretary told them

01:06:11that they knew

01:06:12of no Mr. Galway.

01:06:13Well,

01:06:14you know how

01:06:15secretaries get to be.

01:06:16And besides,

01:06:17he was never employed

01:06:18by us,

01:06:18just on a freelance

01:06:19contract.

01:06:20Yes.

01:06:21I suppose,

01:06:22actually,

01:06:22that, uh,

01:06:23Detective Inspector

01:06:23Branigan was quite

01:06:24lucky to find

01:06:25your offices at all,

01:06:26considering that

01:06:26neither their address

01:06:27nor telephone number

01:06:28are listed.

01:06:30Sir,

01:06:30I came here

01:06:31voluntarily.

01:06:32Are you suggesting

01:06:33there's something

01:06:33to hide?

01:06:34Well,

01:06:34isn't there?

01:06:35I wasn't the

01:06:36inspector's visit

01:06:37the real reason

01:06:37for the sudden

01:06:38termination of

01:06:39Mr. Galway's

01:06:39contract.

01:06:40You want to know

01:06:41the real reason?

01:06:42Because Frank went

01:06:43over on expenses,

01:06:44and not just once,

01:06:45and always on

01:06:46entertainment.

01:06:47He even tried

01:06:48to hit me

01:06:48for a loan

01:06:49until this thing

01:06:49was over.

01:06:50That's the real

01:06:51reason.

01:06:52Mr.

01:06:53Winovitz,

01:06:53from where

01:06:54does your

01:06:54organization

01:06:55receive its

01:06:56funds?

01:06:59Is this

01:07:00important,

01:07:01Mr.

01:07:01Parsons?

01:07:02Well,

01:07:03I think the

01:07:04witness's silence

01:07:05is sufficient

01:07:06answer,

01:07:06my lord.

01:07:07May I make

01:07:08a statement?

01:07:09If you wish.

01:07:11If a member

01:07:12of the special

01:07:12branch came to

01:07:13my office,

01:07:14why isn't he

01:07:14here today?

01:07:15This whole thing's

01:07:15been turned into

01:07:16a witch hunt

01:07:16by someone.

01:07:17I hope you're

01:07:18joking.

01:07:19I have a very

01:07:19strong sense of

01:07:20humor.

01:07:21Well,

01:07:21I advise you

01:07:21not to exercise

01:07:22it again in this

01:07:23court.

01:07:24Is that your

01:07:24statement?

01:07:25No.

01:07:25I wanted to say

01:07:26that if Mr.

01:07:27Galway committed

01:07:28any crime,

01:07:29my organization

01:07:30knew nothing

01:07:30about it.

01:07:33Very well.

01:07:35I'm sure the

01:07:36jury will take

01:07:36note of what

01:07:37you've said.

01:07:39My lord.

01:07:40Now,

01:07:41Mr.

01:07:41Rabinowitz,

01:07:42you're acquainted

01:07:43with what

01:07:43happened to

01:07:43Inspector Fleming

01:07:44in Milan,

01:07:45I think.

01:07:46Yes.

01:07:47You're aware

01:07:47that he was

01:07:48invited by the

01:07:49defendant to

01:07:50attend a law

01:07:51and order

01:07:51conference there

01:07:52run by the

01:07:53fascist party.

01:07:54I want to be

01:07:55sincere with you.

01:07:56I happen to

01:07:56know that it

01:07:57wasn't.

01:07:58Well,

01:07:59you see,

01:07:59according to

01:08:00Inspector Fleming.

01:08:01Forget Inspector

01:08:02Fleming.

01:08:02It was

01:08:02organized by

01:08:03us.

01:08:03You just

01:08:04don't advertise

01:08:05that in a

01:08:06country like

01:08:06Italy if

01:08:07you're smart.

01:08:08Ah, so you

01:08:08practice

01:08:09subterfuge?

01:08:10I don't believe

01:08:11that the

01:08:11promotion of

01:08:12understanding on

01:08:12the international

01:08:13as well as the

01:08:14domestic plane

01:08:15should be

01:08:15described as

01:08:16subterfuge.

01:08:17Oh, quite.

01:08:17how much did

01:08:21Mr.

01:08:21Goway get

01:08:22for this

01:08:22Italian

01:08:23jaunt?

01:08:24I told you

01:08:25he was on

01:08:26expenses only.

01:08:27My lord,

01:08:27may I produce

01:08:28as evidence

01:08:29an item

01:08:30from a

01:08:30Milan

01:08:30newspaper

01:08:31of

01:08:31November

01:08:3210th

01:08:32which

01:08:33shows

01:08:33Inspector

01:08:33Fleming

01:08:34in the

01:08:34company

01:08:34of a

01:08:35leading

01:08:35senator

01:08:36in the

01:08:36Italian

01:08:37parliament?

01:08:38You may

01:08:39not.

01:08:40It would

01:08:41be

01:08:41hearsay.

01:08:42In that

01:08:43case, may

01:08:44I quote

01:08:45a statistic?

01:08:47Ah, if

01:08:48you wish.

01:08:49Because of

01:08:50the crime

01:08:50rate, every

01:08:51fifth household

01:08:52in Italy now

01:08:53keeps a gun.

01:08:54That's why

01:08:54Inspector

01:08:54Fleming was

01:08:55invited.

01:08:57Well, um,

01:08:58is that supposed

01:08:59to have something

01:08:59to do with the

01:09:00breakdown of

01:09:01democracy in

01:09:01this country?

01:09:02You really

01:09:03don't care,

01:09:03do you?

01:09:04Oh, yes.

01:09:05We just

01:09:06don't happen

01:09:06to elect

01:09:07fascists to

01:09:08our parliament.

01:09:09The war's

01:09:09been over a

01:09:10long time,

01:09:11my friend.

01:09:11Hmm.

01:09:13My lord,

01:09:14that concludes

01:09:15the case

01:09:15for the

01:09:15defence.

01:09:19There has

01:09:19been an

01:09:20attempt by

01:09:20my colleague

01:09:21to present

01:09:21him to

01:09:22you as

01:09:22some sort

01:09:23of mad

01:09:23hatter.

01:09:24Well, that

01:09:25would be

01:09:25a very

01:09:25pleasant joke,

01:09:26but for

01:09:27the fact

01:09:27that the

01:09:27events that

01:09:28Mr. Galway

01:09:29have been

01:09:29involved in

01:09:30are no

01:09:30tea party.

01:09:32Now, you

01:09:32may ask

01:09:33yourselves,

01:09:34what harm

01:09:34has Mr.

01:09:35Galway

01:09:35really done?

01:09:37You may

01:09:37say, does

01:09:38it really

01:09:38matter that

01:09:39two police

01:09:40officers were

01:09:40offered perks?

01:09:41Not to

01:09:42kill anyone,

01:09:43but just to

01:09:43bend the rules

01:09:44a little in

01:09:45what some

01:09:46people may

01:09:46even see as

01:09:47a good cause.

01:09:48Well, these

01:09:49two police

01:09:49officers are

01:09:50the grassroots

01:09:51of our

01:09:52democracy, and

01:09:53if they are

01:09:53not, then

01:09:54neither you

01:09:55nor I are.

01:09:56And I would

01:09:57remind you that

01:09:58the career of

01:09:58one of them

01:09:59has been

01:09:59permanently

01:09:59damaged with

01:10:00coming into

01:10:01contact with

01:10:02Mr. Galway.

01:10:03So, Francis

01:10:04Galway is not

01:10:05harmless in

01:10:06effect.

01:10:07Was he

01:10:07perhaps an

01:10:08intention?

01:10:09Was he to

01:10:10use another

01:10:11image, just

01:10:12a sheep

01:10:12among wolves?

01:10:14Well, I

01:10:14put it to

01:10:15you, we

01:10:15can only

01:10:16judge a

01:10:16man by

01:10:17the company

01:10:18he keeps.

01:10:21Merely

01:10:21speculations,

01:10:23and if the

01:10:23speculations of

01:10:25my learned

01:10:25friend were

01:10:26correct, then

01:10:27I would have

01:10:27no doubt

01:10:28that my

01:10:28client is

01:10:29guilty.

01:10:30Unfortunately

01:10:31for him,

01:10:32there is no

01:10:32way of telling

01:10:33whether they

01:10:34are, for

01:10:35the simple

01:10:35reason which

01:10:36even he

01:10:37should understand

01:10:38is that there

01:10:39is no concrete

01:10:40evidence to

01:10:41support them.

01:10:43Now, we

01:10:43know that

01:10:44Chief Constable

01:10:45Vaughan enjoyed

01:10:46a pleasant

01:10:47dinner at the

01:10:47defendant's

01:10:48expense, and

01:10:49we know that

01:10:50Inspector Fleming

01:10:51went to a

01:10:51conference in

01:10:51Milan with

01:10:52him.

01:10:53Beyond that,

01:10:54nothing.

01:10:56Now, you're

01:10:56being asked to

01:10:57believe that

01:10:58these men were

01:10:59bought.

01:11:00I suggest

01:11:02they came

01:11:03willingly, and

01:11:05if there was

01:11:05any misunderstanding

01:11:06it was partly

01:11:08due to my

01:11:08client's

01:11:09personality,

01:11:10which you

01:11:10have had a

01:11:10chance to

01:11:11observe, but

01:11:13much more

01:11:13a certain

01:11:15rigid, even

01:11:16suspicious way

01:11:17of thinking,

01:11:18which is all

01:11:19too common in

01:11:20the police

01:11:21mind, and

01:11:22understandable,

01:11:24which is why

01:11:24I am not

01:11:25trying to

01:11:25throw stones,

01:11:27merely to

01:11:27deflect those

01:11:29unfair stones

01:11:30which are

01:11:30being cast

01:11:31towards Mr.

01:11:31Galway.

01:11:34Members of

01:11:35the jury,

01:11:36this has been

01:11:37in some ways

01:11:38a difficult

01:11:39case to

01:11:40listen to.

01:11:42In many

01:11:42trials, the

01:11:43jury has

01:11:43called upon

01:11:44to decide

01:11:44whether a

01:11:45series of

01:11:45facts did

01:11:46or did

01:11:46not take

01:11:47place.

01:11:48In this

01:11:48one, the

01:11:49facts themselves

01:11:50are relatively

01:11:50clear-cut,

01:11:52and you're

01:11:53being asked

01:11:53to decide

01:11:54what

01:11:54interpretation

01:11:55should be

01:11:56placed on

01:11:57those facts.

01:11:58That is a

01:11:59far harder

01:11:59task.

01:12:01Now, the

01:12:02law itself

01:12:02clearly states

01:12:04under

01:12:05section 53

01:12:06of the

01:12:06Police Act,

01:12:08any person

01:12:09who does

01:12:09any act

01:12:10calculated to

01:12:11cause

01:12:11disaffection

01:12:12among the

01:12:13members of

01:12:13any police

01:12:14force shall

01:12:15be guilty

01:12:15of an

01:12:16offence.

01:12:17Now, you'll

01:12:17notice the

01:12:18phrase

01:12:18calculated to

01:12:20cause

01:12:20disaffection

01:12:21is used.

01:12:22I want you to

01:12:22remember that

01:12:22because it's

01:12:23the nub

01:12:24of the

01:12:24matter.

01:12:24now, let

01:12:26us turn

01:12:26first to

01:12:27the

01:12:27conversation

01:12:28between the

01:12:29Chief

01:12:29Constable

01:12:30and Mr.

01:12:30Galway on

01:12:31January

01:12:32the 4th.

01:12:33Now, if

01:12:35you believe

01:12:35the Chief

01:12:36Constable,

01:12:36Mr.

01:12:37Galway made

01:12:38a series of

01:12:39suggestions which

01:12:39he acted upon

01:12:40would have been

01:12:41in clear breach

01:12:42of the law.

01:12:44He even

01:12:44produced this

01:12:45document we

01:12:46all had a

01:12:47chance to see

01:12:47and judge.

01:12:49Was it, as

01:12:50has been

01:12:50alleged, intended

01:12:51to induce a

01:12:52false prosecution

01:12:53against the

01:12:54workers'

01:12:54activist group?

01:12:56Or do you

01:12:57believe Mr.

01:12:57Galway when

01:12:58he says it

01:12:59was simply a

01:12:59study paper

01:13:00meant for

01:13:00discussion?

01:13:01Indeed, the

01:13:01discussion was

01:13:02all that took

01:13:03place that

01:13:03night.

01:13:04Anything else

01:13:04is a product

01:13:05of the

01:13:06witness's

01:13:06imagination,

01:13:08aided by

01:13:08two bottles

01:13:10of wine and

01:13:10some brandy.

01:13:12And the

01:13:13same question

01:13:14arises out of

01:13:15Inspector

01:13:15Fleming's visit

01:13:16to Milan on

01:13:17November 8th.

01:13:18Did the

01:13:19defendant

01:13:19deliberately

01:13:20trick him

01:13:21into going

01:13:22there and

01:13:22speaking at

01:13:23this meeting?

01:13:24Or did he

01:13:25think he had

01:13:25genuinely sought

01:13:27the permission

01:13:27of his

01:13:28superior officers?

01:13:30Now, if you

01:13:31feel convinced

01:13:32beyond reasonable

01:13:33doubt that

01:13:34what Mr.

01:13:35Galway said

01:13:35or did,

01:13:36even on just

01:13:37one occasion,

01:13:39was calculated

01:13:39to cause

01:13:40disaffection,

01:13:41then you will

01:13:42convict him.

01:13:43But you will,

01:13:44I know,

01:13:44consider carefully

01:13:45his claim to

01:13:46have been engaged

01:13:47on research,

01:13:48and if it

01:13:49seems to you

01:13:49that that may

01:13:51have been his

01:13:51motive,

01:13:52then you will

01:13:53acquit him.

01:13:54Remember,

01:13:55it is for the

01:13:56prosecution to

01:13:56prove their

01:13:57case beyond

01:13:58reasonable doubt.

01:14:00Now, will you

01:14:00please retire,

01:14:01elect a foreman,

01:14:02and consider your

01:14:03verdict.

01:14:07Members of the

01:14:08jury, will your

01:14:09foreman please

01:14:10rise?

01:14:11Just answer the

01:14:12question, yes

01:14:13or no.

01:14:15Have you reached a

01:14:15verdict on which

01:14:16you are all

01:14:17agreed?

01:14:17Yes.

01:14:18On the charge

01:14:19before you,

01:14:20how do you

01:14:20find the

01:14:20accused?

01:14:21Guilty or

01:14:22not guilty?

01:14:23Not guilty.

01:14:27Mr. Galway,

01:14:27whatever your

01:14:28motives, your

01:14:29activities have

01:14:30brought you

01:14:31closer to the

01:14:31law than any

01:14:33intelligent man

01:14:34should dare.

01:14:35You are free

01:14:36to go.

01:14:37Court will

01:14:38rise.

01:14:38No, no, no.

Crown Court - A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing (1977)

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