La Naturaleza de las Cosas: La necesidad de dormir - Documental (1999) - Subtitulado en Español Latino

Name: La Naturaleza de las Cosas: La necesidad de dormir - Documental (1999) - Subtitulado en Español Latino
Uploaded: 2025-07-04T13:24:26+00:00
Duration: 53 min 27 s
Channel: Vicsion Spear

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Estilo de vida

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00:00¿Qué es lo que se puede hacer en el mundo?

00:30y denominaran los procesos sonidos

01:00La expectación es que usted debería funcionar en su descanso,

01:05y la melodía es durante el día.

01:09Sabemos que eso es lo que es lo que es lo que es lo que es lo que es lo que es.

01:30La naturaleza de las cosas, donde vive Suzuki.

01:40La necesidad de dormir.

01:47El diario matutino solía marcar el comienzo del día.

01:51Ya no, ahora la vida se rige por el correr y el dolor.

01:56En nuestra sociedad de 24 horas y 7 días a la semana,

02:00una de las principales víctimas ha sido el sueño.

02:13Para muchas personas, mantenerse despiertas será uno de sus grandes retos del día siguiente.

02:26Cuando hablamos sobre el sueño,

02:28podemos separar a la luz,

02:30porque hay una gran diferencia entre la luz y la luz.

02:33Y es el sueño.

02:35Así que tenemos que pensar en el sueño.

02:38Es algo que todos vamos a ir a la luz.

02:42En la luz de la luz,

02:44en la luz de la luz de la luz.

02:46Y es lo mismo que tenemos que ver con la luz.

03:00Ni siquiera en el espacio es fácil conseguir el sueño.

03:04El Programa Reconómala de la Tierra, debido a que ha sido muy importante para nosotros.

03:09Tu habido un oportunidad de trabajar con ASSO y la Tierra de la Tierra de la Tierra en la Tierra

03:19de la Tierra de la Tierra.

03:21¿Por qué la Tierra de la Tierra es interesante?

03:25porque la vida se trata de la vida.

03:31La notion de la vida en la espacio es tan diferente de los seres humanos.

03:36Lo que siempre se trata de la vida.

03:40Si se trata de la vida en la cama, en la cama, en la cama, en la cama, en la cama, en la cama.

03:46No hay lugar para la vida, porque no importa.

03:50No hay lugar. No hay lugar.

03:52No hay lugar.

03:54Y así, puedes simplemente caer.

03:59A una gran distancia de los astronautas, en Estados Unidos,

04:03se estima que 70 millones de personas sufren de tus coibos en el sueño.

04:07En general, 24% de los canadienses se llaman de dificultades de caer de dormir o de dormir.

04:14Un poco más de 27-28% de los canadienses nunca se sienten refrescados

04:21o no se sienten refrescados.

04:24No hay lugar.

04:25No hay lugar.

04:26No hay lugar.

04:27No hay lugar.

04:28No hay lugar.

04:29No hay lugar.

04:30No hay lugar.

04:31No hay lugar.

04:32No hay lugar.

04:33No hay lugar.

04:34No hay lugar.

04:35No hay lugar.

04:36No hay lugar.

04:37No hay lugar.

04:38No hay lugar.

04:39No hay lugar.

04:40No hay lugar.

04:42No hay lugar.

04:43No hay lugar.

04:44No hay lugar.

04:45Por Friday, I'm pretty tired when it's like 4 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 3 o'clock hours would be average for me for many years.

04:52I've kind of improved that in the last couple of years up to maybe 6 hours.

04:57I can get the same amount of sleep on 7 days and feel very tired.

05:00And on other days, get 6 o'clock, 7 o'clock hours of sleep and feel fine.

05:05You just feel there's not enough hours to sleep.

05:08Even the body only needs 4 hours.

05:10It looks like you can have a reason to be able to be able to be able to be able to sleep on the island since the last year.

05:15Chernobyl.

05:17The exome of Elka is all of them were tied to human error as one of the key components.

05:24When you look at it, it's tied to the occurrence at times when people are not able to make the right decision.

05:35Or people who are making the decisions have been up for long periods of time.

05:43For example, the spatial.

05:45So it's...

05:45Have miles to causted and go left side on us.

05:50Officer 20c Emirates take out with mission and it is cleared to cover.

05:58How many units are monitored at the bottom of the call of control?

06:06Manager, what is going on?

06:09Turning to the board and wait your hands to the board?

06:12We're looking for 1.

06:13¡Gracias!

06:43una decisión en la retrospectiva que no hubiéramos hecho.

06:48Desde el principio del día de hoy, fue indicado que cuando el sol bajaríamos,

06:52íbamos a la cama y dormíamos hasta la noche,

06:56y íbamos a la mañana y íbamos a hacer nuestro trabajo.

07:04Ahora, de noche, no solo trabajamos, sino que también jugamos.

07:08Las oportunidades son infinitas.

07:10Veamos, por ejemplo, nuestros asuntos financieros.

07:13Hacer amistades, jugar con máquinas de video, casi todo lo que podamos imaginarnos.

07:19Y muchos de estos lugares nunca cierran, están tentándonos las 24 horas del día.

07:28Existe una creencia cada vez mayor de que el dormir es un desperdicio de tiempo.

07:33Y no resulta sorprendente que las cufeterías disfruten de una bonanza

07:40para tener unas muy bien cotizadas bebidas con compañía para mantenernos aquí.

07:45Esto se llama el primer?

07:46¿Como qué ha sido?

07:47¿Seual puede hacer una hora de que todo?

07:48¿Se acuerdan a las cuídes de servicios en el espacio?

07:50Y la verdad, sí.

07:51Eso es lo que sí.

07:52Lo que tenemos, lo que es.

07:53Lo que nos hace que es un truco de 4 horas del día.

07:55Cuando lo hicimos en un montón de años,

07:57Lo que nos hace que la gente hace un año del día.

07:59En los oscuros años 30, Charlie Chaplin mostró una imagen del futuro,

08:24cuando presentó el frenético mundo de la línea de asambleaje

08:27en una película que proféticamente llamó Tiempos Modernos.

08:57Es un ambiente de trabajo verde, oscuro afuera y muy iluminado adentro.

09:09Aquí se exige que las personas funcionen a la medianoche como si fuera mediodía,

09:29aun cuando nuestras propias experiencias revelan que ello no es posible.

09:39Como consecuencia, disminuye la productividad y aumenta los accidentes.

09:47El problema es que nosotros, como race humana, necesitamos aprender a lidiar con nuestra invención.

09:53Necesitamos lidiar con el intercambio entre nuestra fisiología y el mundo de 24 horas que hemos creado.

09:59El mundo de las 24 horas se extiende hasta el espacio y puede convertirse en una experiencia desorientadora.

10:07En la nave, la vida de los astronautas se rige por el tiempo transcurrido,

10:11es decir, el número de horas a partir del alzamiento, las cuales no tienen ninguna relación con la hora de la Tierra.

10:17Existe gravedad nula y mucha presión como para que cuente cada segundo.

10:21La misión de neurología de la NASA en 1998 puso como prioridad el estudio de los trastornos del sueño en el espacio.

10:29El astronauta canadiense Dave Williams era uno de los tripulantes.

10:33De vuelta en la Tierra, Williams se encargó del directorio de ciencia y vida espacial en la sede de la NASA en Houston,

10:41donde estas réplicas de lanzadores se usan como módulos de entrenamiento.

10:47Tienes que dormir bien, especialmente cuando estás en espacio,

10:50porque si no estás dormido bien y no estás bien restado,

10:52tu performanceo va a decrease.

10:54Lo que tratamos de hacer es tener 8 horas a la noche para las personas dormir.

10:57Ahora, si vas a ir de la cama, no necesariamente fallece.

11:01Puedes estar ahí pensando en algo que tienes que hacer el siguiente día.

11:04Así que, aunque hemos allotado 8 horas,

11:07el equipo se va a dormir menos de eso.

11:09Depende de la estudia y la misión,

11:12el equipo se va a dormir entre 6,5 o 7 horas a la noche,

11:15así que parece que se va a durar de una hora o 45 minutos o so,

11:17fallece.

11:18¿Es eso?

11:19¿Los tiempo?

11:20¿Los tiempo?

11:21¿Los tiempo?

11:22¿Los tiempo?

11:23¿Los tiempo?

11:24Los amigos dicen que es similar a lo que se sienten en la tierra.

11:27Y eso me hace que se sienten en la tierra,

11:30pero cuando estudamos en espacio,

11:33hay un montón de tipos de espacio que afectan tu habilidadas.

11:36¿Qué es lo que se sienten en la absence de la biblia?

11:39¿Qué es lo que se sienten en la franja?

11:41¿Qué es lo que se sienten en la infancia?

11:43En realidad, las quarters se sienten pequeñas en la tierra,

11:45pero cuando salen en espacio,

11:47se sienten mucho más,

11:48porque puedes usar toda la área de las áreas disponibles.

11:50Puedes estar en la parte de la habitación,

11:53un poco de dificultad hacia el chico y no es nada.

11:57¿Qué podemos hacer es pasar a un aumento en Beligador.

12:00Y para el centro de los secretos estrés,

12:04tenemos.

12:05Podemos Howlett, en un lugar,

12:09donde el principal es que se está bajando ahí,

12:11y con el tiempo en el aire,

12:13a medida que se les vas a mover en el aire,

12:16como fuera de la luz libre,

12:16porque en el espacio,

12:18esa posición de la parte superior es.

12:21Son de astronautas que nos nos han ayer

12:23There I was dreaming in space and I dreamt there were these arms floating around.

12:27They wake up and they see these hands, like oh, they're my own hands.

12:31So we did, it was amazing.

12:33We also have the sleep stations, which is about the same size as the sleep restraint system,

12:39but it looks like your closet, there's a door on it, you slide right into a closed door.

12:43Because it is dark, it is relatively soundproof.

12:45It's easy to fall asleep once you get in there.

12:47Of course if you're sleeping up on the flight deck every 90 minutes you have a day-night transition.

12:53Porque, aunque estén poniendo escrazo en las blindas de la piscina,

12:56es probablemente más atrecer un poco de más allá de eso,

12:58si se están dormiendo en una piscina de una de las piscinas.

13:00En el mundo, en la Tierra,

13:02estamos afectados por la noche y la noche.

13:04Pero en la espacial, la noche y la noche es mucho más rápido.

13:08¿Crees que eso afecta la naturaleza de la piscina que tenemos?

13:12Bueno, esa es una pregunta una pregunta porque

13:13es que la parte de la piscina de la piscina

13:15que entiende nuestro biología en el espacio.

13:18Entonces, cada 45 minutos realmente cambia

13:21...y digamos que son todas las orillas que tengo al día noches.

13:25Pero creo que lo mismo es que loségames a su mayoridez de la luz de la orilla...

13:28...y si tienen la luz en la orilla está pensando que esto tiene un día de tiempo.

13:33Y luego cuando tenemos que ir a la derecha, ponen todos los puestos y se descanse.

13:36Te das bien, porque es muy duro y se puede decir.

13:40Lo amo la historia de Guillermo Tito.

13:43El Dr. Charles Seisberg es un importante estudioso de sueño y asesor de la NASA.

14:13El Dr. Charles Seisberg typically lose one to three hours of sleep every day when they're in a space environment.

14:20No one knows precisely why it is that it's difficult for crew members to sleep in space as compared to sleeping on the ground.

14:28But it is known that if you lose that much sleep each day, that builds up a cumulative sleep deprivation that has an adverse effect on performance.

14:38In fact, within four or five days, the adverse effect on performance isn't going on to that which would occur if you missed an entire class.

14:47And so we've been working, first of all, to try to characterize the nature of the sleep in space and the nature of the sleep in space.

14:56Tanto en el espacio como en la tierra, se recomienda dormir un mínimo de ocho o diez horas si es posible.

15:03Pero actualmente, ¿quién duele tanto tiempo?

15:08Right now?

15:09Right now, I'm working on about a couple and a half hours that the hospital sleep very well with invitation.

15:15It's very active out here on Jack.

15:18It's, if you're awake and things are happening in everything.

15:21The worst part of the night is when everything just dies.

15:24What happens when you die after the hospital choke?

15:28I get off work at 7 a.m. usually and I would stay out, feed the kids their breakfast, get them to school, do a couple of laundry, go to bed about 10 o'clock in the morning, and then I would be up at 3 in the afternoon to pick them up from school.

15:44That would be complicated for a little bit. Perhaps a court appearance at, say, 9 or 10 o'clock. You may sit in court all day and continue in front of the pickup from school, you know, the dinner routine and the bed routine, and then show up at work and put in an 8-hour shift in the car. It's difficult.

16:06I don't sleep 8 hours. I sleep up at work. My husband and I are both sleep deprived. It's a never-ending cycle until retirement.

16:22You drive around this city or you drive around the suburbs and you look up into the hotel rooms or the homes and everything else and people are sleeping.

16:31You're driving around and you're not sleeping. You like to be normal, whatever normal could be.

16:38I've been working in the news for almost 10 years now. It does put a bit of a strain on the family, you know, to be able to do this and to have a normal family life.

16:51The transition from sleeping during the day to sleeping at night, it's really tough and difficult for my body to adjust.

17:00If you're yanked off of it and stuck on another shift, it's like a jet lag.

17:05It's a constant struggle just to stay awake. You just want to stay awake.

17:10You can get really tired at around 3 or 4 in the morning. Your body just starts to shut down and it's hard to concentrate.

17:17I think sleep equals, you know, 10 more.

17:21I don't know what the reason is I'll sleep 4 hours, I'll get up for a few hours and then I'll go back to sleep again.

17:26Get up at some good work and that causes all kinds of other problems. You don't go out, you don't socialize, you don't exercise.

17:35I'm happy doing what I'm doing, but I definitely cancel myself doing this kind of shift work for another beyond 5 years.

17:45El trabajo por turnos resulta difícil para cualquiera, pero en el caso de los bomberos puede ser peligroso.

17:52Right now we just finished our 3 in 3, which includes 3 days, and then switches over to 3 nights.

17:58I call it the killer shift because your body just gets used to being on days and then you're switching over to being on nights.

18:04By the time you're done all that, your body's just messed up and there's no much way to go.

18:11Sometimes you come in and you're hoping it's not going to be very busy because you know physically that you're not probably as strong or as well rested that you would like to be.

18:23When you're there, you're more than 100% wake halt behind that fire. You get there and the sounds, the lights, the fire, people running all the places in the heat.

18:38It brings you as a crew, as firefighters together, working as a team.

18:45You're making the hospital so I'm going home from here in the morning to the suburbs, driving the hospital, coming back and coming in.

18:53And I shouldn't have been doing it, but on the way into work on a night shift, I fell asleep on my cross relay to the 401, which kind of scared me a lot.

19:02But that was the worst I've ever had.

19:06An OPP officer was killed yesterday morning when his cruiser was hit by a truck along Queen Elizabeth Way. The driver of the truck was not hurt. One sergeant says the driver told officers he'd fallen asleep at the wheel.

19:19People often report from the car. Sometimes they're not even aware that they fell asleep. All they know is they're on a automatic.

19:32And they suddenly become aware of having to traverse the distance. They don't know how they got there.

19:38Or they might find their car bearing from the lane of traffic on the highway at the south shoulder.

19:44And they're sitting on the road. They must be touched on it for a while.

19:50Driving a car on the freeway, particularly in the lawless freeway, and in particular with a speed reply, in particular when we do it at night.

19:58And that's the cause of, in fact, over half of the fatal accidents on the highway.

20:04The driver's house increased to the straight street as well.

20:07The driver's house increased to the 50% of the fatal accidents.

20:14Now, what we'd like to do is to get some measure of your driving ability.

20:20And this driving simulator has been designed to do that.

20:24We found that there's an equivalence between the effects of alcohol and driving and the effects of sleepiness on driving.

20:43Por el tiempo que la gente ha estado en 24 horas, la capacidad de drive es aproximadamente equivalente a alguien que está en 80 mg por ciento de alcohol, que es la limitación de la legalidad en muchos turistas.

20:58Ahora, cuando estás intoxicado, tú sabes que estás intoxicado. Cuando estás sleepy, tú no tienes que saber que estás sleepy.

21:05So the sleepy driver is, in some senses, perhaps even more at risk than the intoxicated driver, simply because they can't assess their own degree of sleepiness.

21:15En un estudio realizado entre camioneros de larga distancia, los conductores coincidieron en que se sentían menos agotados de lo que indicaba el sistema computarizado que los controlaba, aunque quizá ayudaba en el camino.

21:29El monitor that I'm wearing is a device that's just like a large wristwatch, sits on the back of the hand, and every so often delivers a vibration that I can feel on my wrist.

21:41And I can indicate whether I felt the vibration simply by twitching my finger slightly.

21:46A computer inside the device detects that, and then if I fear to respond to a number extremely, it can set off an audible alarm which can wake me up.

21:53And devices like this can feed the driver information about how sleepy they are.

22:01The focus that we've recently seen on sleepiness and its effects of performance and how people feel will lead to an improved ability to detect sleepiness, both in the clinic and on the road and on the job.

22:16I'll drive about 15 hours into Detroit, and by the time I feel like clear customs and get into Montreal, it'll be in the high 20s, high 20s, hours, probably 30 hours.

22:33I'm not a dangerous person, I know what I'm capable of doing, I'm in top physical condition, it's hard to believe a man can stay awake and still be alert.

22:55I think we've all had the experience of driving in your car, with these nice bikes, and your head starts to feel crowsy, you're eyeing those fruit, you're finding yourself drifting off the side of the road.

23:10And so this is a common experience, and you see that situation in the experience.

23:15You're doing alright, I'm doing real good.

23:18Probably won't stop now until I get used to Leo.

23:21The reason why those accidents are much more fatal than other types of accidents, is because when you're forcing either way, you don't have any chance of doing a basic maneuver, you don't take or swerve, and you should hit the tree at full pace.

23:38This is just a bunch of trashy papers that they call a logbook, okay?

23:42Well, everybody knows that I left Oklahoma Monday.

23:46There's no way that I can be a Montreal Wednesday on time, so what am I going to do?

23:52I'm going to throw this out the window.

23:55I'm going to give me another one, I'm going to rewrite all this out.

23:59I'm going to back it up one day, and I'm going to leave Sunday.

24:03Falsification of a logbook, what is that?

24:06That's lying.

24:07One of the untold stories is the effect of chronic fatigue and speed deprivation of the other lifestyle, working shifts down the top, and the lifespan.

24:22In fact, you realize that the average trucker is a lifespan of 61 years.

24:27The average motor engineer, maybe of 64.

24:30All these sort of statistics that point you to the realities of that lifespan that you expect, 75 years or more,

24:39is not one that you can expect if you don't adapt your health and your sleeping patterns to this looking of a regular house.

24:47And it's quite a shock when people start to wake up and realize that the task force is the average teamster

24:52only gets 18 monthly pension checks off your time.

24:55Las circunstancias bajo las cuales se estudiaron a los astronautas han llevado a la creación de nuevas tecnologías

25:08para investigar los trastornos del sueño.

25:10Now, we also have quite an extensive collection of hardware.

25:16This is a device called the digital signal recorder.

25:19And essentially, this is the equivalent of a full, formal sleep laboratory in a hospital, all in a small little box.

25:27The amazing thing about this technology, which was developed for the space program,

25:31is you can now study people with sleep disorders at home instead of admitting them to the hospital.

25:36And as you know, there's over 70 million people with sleep disorders in North America.

25:40So this is a fairly common problem that we're facing.

25:43But to collect the data, we actually had to wear what's called a sleep pen.

25:48And this is a series of electrodes that records the brain waves during the different phases of sleep.

25:54And there's a number of different phases of sleep that are related to changes in the electrical activity in the brain.

25:59And to record that, we had this special sleep net that we would put on.

26:04And we can show you how this fits on.

26:08This simulated mom down here.

26:10And each one of these white areas is where we would have the electrode.

26:14And of course, we've put this down over the years.

26:16We've got this perfectly positioned.

26:18But we can record all the changes in the electrical activity of the brain during sleep wearing this device.

26:24And what does it tell you?

26:25And this tells us how the patterns of sleep change.

26:28And we have what's called rapid eye movement.

26:30Sleep, that's the phase of sleep associated with dreaming.

26:33And then a slow wave sleep that's the phase of sleep that people think of as being associated with that restful component of sleep.

26:39And we can look at those patterns and see how they change in the absence of gravity.

26:43And the electrode that I pulled out, we might put that right by the eye to look for positions and changes in the position of the eye when you're sleeping.

26:51And we would also have a flow sensor located on your upper lip to let the respiratory physiologist know which phase of inspiration and expiration you're in.

27:06How your respiratory patterns change when you're out in space.

27:09We also had a microphone that monitored whether or not you were snoring in space.

27:14Which is an interesting concept because typically we associate snoring with gravity pulling your tongue back into the back of your throat.

27:21The question is, what happens in the absence of gravity?

27:23And it turns out, oh, do you do snoring a little bit?

27:25You do!

27:26Yeah.

27:27Now to monitor body temperature, we had this very small little pill.

27:30And I'm taking a magnet off it right now.

27:33The magnet actually deactivates the pill.

27:35So when we remove the magnet, the pill is now active.

27:38And of course there's this little warning attached saying remove magnet before smelling.

27:41But this is the pill itself.

27:44And inside this thing is an AM frequency radio transmitter hooked up to a little temperature device that monitors your core body temperature.

27:52So I could swallow this pill and it'll float through my digestive tract sending out signals of what my body temperature is doing throughout the 24-hour day-night cycle.

28:03Los datos compilados por la NASA tienen diversas aplicaciones potenciales.

28:08So we must learn a lot of stuff in space that's relevant to us here on Earth.

28:13Well, in fact, we do.

28:14And one of the exciting things about this sleep experiment is understanding how our internal biological clock adapts and changes to these unique shifts that we have with all the light-dark cycles we have in space.

28:25That, of course, is relevant to shift workers on Earth who are constantly changing their daily schedule and waking up to work throughout the night.

28:33And we understand the role that light plays as one of these time givers in helping shift our internal biological clock.

28:40Not only does that help shift workers, but it also helps people who are traveling across multiple time zones, forcing themselves to adapt to a different time zone very quickly.

28:48And the most harmful influence on the rhythms of the body is the influence of light and darkness.

28:55And light coming through the eye sends a signal system through to the brain, to the penial gland, and suppresses blood tone secretion, which is a hormone of darkness.

29:07And it's thought that that is a very important component of regularizing the rhythms of the body.

29:13I don't think it's just malatoma.

29:15There's all kinds of other things.

29:17But light, we know, is an important time giver to changing the rhythms of the body so that if you deliver a certain component of light at a particular time,

29:31for example, if you can give bright light late in the evening, you can begin to shift the biologic clock so that the person goes a bit later.

29:40We're all set in now.

29:41Este principio permite a la NASA ajustar el reloj biológico de los astronautas para que los periodos de alerta máxima coincidan con los de mayor actividad.

29:50This is where we need to phase shift more is looking at the time of launch, the time of landing, and protecting to make sure that the times that they don't have to talk to a space station or deploy satellite.

30:06They're wide awake, and this is occurring during a phase that their internal biological clock is adapted to.

30:12So to be able to do that, to meet those operational needs, a lot of them will have to time shift the crew in the quarantine period before they actually launch to go into the space.

30:23To do that, we use what's called a photon therapy for really bright lights to keep people awake at night until then to shift them to make them think that their night is down daytime,

30:32and then during the daytime they'll literally sleep in a very dark, restricted environment to some kind of night.

30:38El cambio de tiempo es otra técnica creada por la NASA que pudiera ser aplicada aquí y en la Tierra.

30:51Por ejemplo, los controladores aéreos nocturnos deben estar alerta para atender la extraordinaria demanda de su trabajo.

31:03También de esto se podrían beneficiar los tripulantes de las aerolíneas.

31:08We're going to the event where an airliner going across the U.S., in fact, kept on going past Los Angeles, 100 miles out of the ocean.

31:20And it did so because the whole crew would fall asleep.

31:23And in fact, it took some fighters and some special chains of the cockpit to finally wake them up

31:29and never turn the plane around and come back to land.

31:32So, the late plane is always due to an accident and control of the weather.

31:36Occasionally, I'm going to sit in the pilot to be at home.

31:39My experience of drowsiness, big time, was actually on my first job, which is in Falter.

31:52I graduated out of medical school, England, and I came over and I did a surgical internship.

31:58And I found I thought I was going to be on 36-hour long shifts, non-stop on duty for 36 hours,

32:04doing open-heart surgery and other types of surgery procedures,

32:08obviously assisting as a young hospital director.

32:12Nodding off in the operating room, as we operated,

32:16writing prescriptions for the next day that I couldn't make any sense of at all.

32:19So, if you started here at 1 o'clock morning, you're not getting caught

32:31until at least during the following day.

32:35That means you're putting in 28 consecutive hours.

32:38And if you're really busy, you don't even have a break.

32:42People, I think, have been going through this since the beginning of medicine,

32:48I guess you could say, hospitalized medicine.

32:51And they've learned to cope with it in various ways.

32:54The fatigue is sort of pushed to the background, and you just work through it

32:58and deal with whatever has to be dealt with.

33:01The job that you can see, you know, the next day,

33:04after you've already gone home, people can tell you about how disruptive

33:07the call is in their night, but I don't think it's unexpected for anybody.

33:10I've been working for about 15 or 16 hours already.

33:21I'd like to maybe get some rest, but I don't really feel this intense or too steep

33:26because there's a lot of work still to do tonight,

33:28and I'll probably be up for most of the nights.

33:30And while I eat a cup of coffee at about 3 or 4 in the morning,

33:35I think that the need to work and the need to get things done

33:39sort of gets you through the lack of sleep.

33:43The planets are placed upon them.

33:45We're incredible.

33:46And in high-demand situations, you do perform,

33:50and you can perform reasonably well.

33:52But it's unpredictable when there's something that we can.

33:58And I thought doctors, nurses, it's the whole culture,

34:02the whole environment for the hospital.

34:05What do you prefer to do for me?

34:07Charves, everybody clear?

34:09Clear.

34:10Good.

34:12Get on the monitor and just continue CPR.

34:16Personally, it's aged me.

34:18I feel more tired.

34:20I mean, I knew when I went into it saying that this is what it is.

34:24But the actual reality of doing it, day in and day out, it's difficult.

34:29It takes its toll.

34:31When I was working as an emergency physician at Sunnybrook Hospital,

34:34our whole group was very sensitive to the impact that shift work has,

34:40not only on our own internal biological clock,

34:42but on our own performance, our ability to make clinical decisions.

34:46So, Dave, it must be nice that you're not doing those night shifts anymore.

34:51Do you remember what that was like?

34:53Well, I do remember it a long time ago.

34:56But, you know, it's amazing.

34:57Once it stopped, it took me about six months before I felt really rested.

35:01I'd wake up in the morning, I didn't have that sort of chronic fatigue.

35:04You feel when you're working shifts all the time.

35:06Yeah, that's one thing about working nights is that you sometimes never feel that you ever get all the escape that you need.

35:13El Dr. Rick Verdick conoce a Dave Williams desde que trabajaban juntos en emergencia.

35:21I find at night time, I have a very one-track line.

35:25Think of this kind of problem that the patient may have.

35:29And I sometimes find myself not going beyond that.

35:32I get ready to send the patient home and I really have to stop myself.

35:35I purposely have to stop myself and say, just hold on for a minute.

35:39Think of a few other things.

35:42Really think of them seriously and try to avoid that tendency.

35:46Send that person home early.

35:48Mainly because I'm tired.

35:51I just don't want to have to think about this problem anymore.

35:54What I need you to do is just to briefly figure out, okay?

35:57It's nice and soft.

35:59I think one of the things that I'm doing now more than I did in the past was using strategic napping as a plan.

36:05You know, if I'm up late and I haven't gotten a full 16 hours sleep, I might get a two-hour nap in the afternoon.

36:12But it's interesting that we can look at professional yacht racers who are in transatlantic yacht races

36:19where they will actually sleep for 15-20 minutes at a time, stay awake for 45 minutes to an hour,

36:24and then use that as their way of getting sleep because the operational demands are placed upon them.

36:29So it may very well be something that would be useful for us in the emergency department

36:34to really take those sort of short car routes that you were talking about.

36:38The more I think of it, the more I think I might try that the next time I'm on duty.

36:42But it certainly works for us.

36:45One of the things about mapping is that you don't get real and realize that it happens anywhere.

36:50But it happens, you know, what happens is that the planet and the company are pulling both crew members

36:57and the company are going to over-engineers, running trains, drivers of trucks,

37:02all sorts of people not often have the controls.

37:05The issue is, do you want to happen unplanned, unanticipated, made in a critical moment?

37:12Or is it better to allow safety valve and allow people to nap at certain discrete times in the workplace than it's safe?

37:18If your workplace can create a healthy environment that allows you to take a selective manner,

37:25my God, that means that your industry might be working a lot more efficiently, a lot more productively.

37:32Once the space station arrives and it's functioning, it will be an enormously important platform

37:44for carrying out a human and biological experience of human life.

37:49Once the space station arrives and it's functioning, it will be an enormously important platform

37:54for carrying out a human biological experiments in the space environment and for really understanding the impact

38:06of microgravity on human functioning for all the different physiologic systems,

38:12as well as for the timing of the sleep brain schedule.

38:14Our approach now is shifting to much more critical than invasive studies in which we can gather

38:22data from a much larger population and begin to assess really how much sleep does the average

38:28crogramber get on the patients.

38:30What types of imposed schedules for their work-based schedule and flight-life schedule are most difficult

38:37for them, for the programmers to adapt to?

38:40And what is going to be the impact of the longer duration of international space station flights?

38:49In the future and first visit human to the planet, the astronauts will stay there for more

38:56than a year.

38:57The mission to Mars is actually scheduled for 2014.

39:01NASA is in full gear preparing for human exploration of Mars, and one of the tasks has been to evaluate

39:09physiologically the medical issues that might be faced on such a journey.

39:15So we have subjects living in our environment here at the Brigham Orleans Hospital, in which

39:22they are scheduled to the Martian day, which is different than the Earth day.

39:26So they're actually on a 24.6 hour schedule, because on Mars every day is about 36 minutes longer

39:34than it is here on Earth.

39:36And we're finding that that is not a trivial adjustment.

39:41The facility itself doesn't look all that different than any of the other environmental

39:47suites that we have for studying humans.

39:50But if you lived in Edinburgh, what you would experience would be that the cycling of the

39:54light-dark cycle would recur on the Martian day rather than on the Earth day.

40:00And the computer that runs the facility sets the timing of all the events and the schedule.

40:06And these are synchronized to the Martian bed rather than on the Earth day.

40:11Where we're trying to look at humans' ability to adapt to a Martian day length, and what

40:16are some of the consequences of living on that day length.

40:20So here we can simulate people waking as living on a Martian day or Earth day, or many other

40:25types of day lengths.

40:27Most of our studies are anywhere from 10 days all the way up to 2 months, 55 days in life.

40:33And the people living in these suites for the full 55 days, 7 days a week, which is 24 hours a day.

40:39How are you sleeping?

40:40How are you sleeping?

40:41How are you sleeping?

40:42How are you sleeping?

40:43How are you sleeping?

40:44How are you sleeping?

40:45How are you sleeping?

40:46It took a long while.

40:47A long sleep?

40:48Yeah.

40:49A long sleep.

40:50A long sleep.

40:51A long sleep.

40:52In these sensors, what we're actually measuring is the ones on top of your scalp, we're looking

40:56at your brain waves.

40:57So we can look at how well you're sleeping, the duration of your sleep, and the different sleep

41:02are in two stages, which I will show you later.

41:03So have you ever seen your sleep?

41:04No, you can actually tell what stage you're sleeping, I think.

41:05We can tell what stage you're sleeping, we can tell when you're dreaming, or when you're

41:09in very deep sleep, and quiet restless sleep.

41:14And then we're also going to be looking at your brain waves while you're awake, so we can

41:17look at your brain, how well it's functioning, performance tests, or when you're just sitting

41:23here reading, so we want to look at how alert are you.

41:25So we can tell you that the next step is to understand theplication of the sleep

41:42oxígeno y dióxido de carbono que afectan el sueño.

41:49El resultado final de todo esto es un banco de datos sin precedentes sobre el sueño

41:54que estará a disposición de terapeutas e investigadores.

42:12La doctora Karst Hayden ha estudiado los patrones de sueño en niños, especialmente adolescentes,

42:32quienes son sujetos oportunos debido a que comienzan cada vez más temprano la jornada escolar.

42:42So she's trying to examine what happens during normal development of adolescence,

42:51how sleep patterns change, and what's involved in those changes.

42:55One of our first studies showed that contrary to the old adage,

43:00the older you are, the less sleep you need.

43:02During the ages from 12, 14, 16, the need for sleep doesn't get lower.

43:09It stays about level.

43:10So a 16-year-old needs as much sleep as a 10-year-old.

43:14The other thing we learned was that even with this optimal amount of sleep,

43:19as kids go through puberty, they get a little sleepier in the daytime.

43:25Okay, now please open your eyes.

43:27Continue to lie very still.

43:30Please open your mouth real wide in a big, wide yawn.

43:35Real wide.

43:36Rob, can you give me a big, wide yawn?

43:41Son las 8 y 30 de la mañana.

43:44Después de dormir toda la noche, Robert y Maggie deberían estar descansados.

43:48As you can see, Maggie's already shown signs of falling asleep.

43:55The slow eye movements tell us sleep is coming,

43:58and this change in the EEG pattern show us that she's in stage 1 sleep.

44:03So in these very few minutes, she's already shown us how sleepy she is.

44:09This test allows us, in a very precise way, to measure exactly how sleepy your kids are.

44:17We also now are learning more about the timing of sleep,

44:22and a lot of our focus now is on when teenagers sleep.

44:27We've known for years that there's this tendency for kids to go to bed later

44:32and to sleep in in the morning if you let them.

44:35There are a lot of pressures in their lives that lead to this change in pattern.

44:44High schools now seem to be starting earlier and earlier.

44:49And when school starts at 7, 15, 7.30 in the morning,

44:54and they can't fall asleep until 11 or 11.30 at night,

44:59then you have a serious problem, you know, sort of sleep, and very disillusionment.

45:06There's a real disconnect now that we have two key major sleep patterns

45:11that are naturally and socially and what the school system will be barred by.

45:19And you can take your time for a good night,

45:21so I don't want to finish up a little more,

45:23and obviously you can get a school of water.

45:26I don't want to finish up until 11 or 12.30 in the morning,

45:29so I'm really only getting six kids to sleep.

45:32She'll get to my life until 12 o'clock in the morning.

45:35She'll take five hours to sleep.

45:37She's starting to sleep now, so it's gonna be hard.

45:42No es de extrañar que los adolescentes se vayan a la cama tan tarde.

45:47Muchos tienen actividades deportivas después de la escuela

45:49o trabajos de medio tiempo, sin contar las tareas y la televisión.

45:53I'm going to give you an idea of which way to be on the chair.

45:56The test is going to start off with multiple choice.

46:00This is your birth experience with healthy tests with me.

46:03This school will start at 20 past 7,

46:06and some of these students are on the bus for an hour,

46:09don't have breakfast, and it's a real rush,

46:12and I think you see a lot of kids extremely tired

46:15and not able to do their work because it's just too early.

46:19There are students who will actually just fall asleep,

46:25sleep through a whole class,

46:27and they admit it they're tired,

46:28and they will tell you, you know, they're tired,

46:31and it's very, very difficult to connect with them

46:33when you know they're exhausted.

46:35They come in, they're yawning.

46:36I mean, it really, really is a problem.

46:46Their bodies may be sitting in the classroom,

46:50but their brains are still bathroom on the pillow.

46:54And in fact, when we brought them into the lab to study them,

46:58they could fall asleep in less than three minutes

47:01at 8.30 in the morning,

47:04which would be second period in school.

47:07I find myself kind of tuning out the teachers sometimes

47:10because I'm just thinking about how tired I am.

47:13It has been a holy tear of having to deal with the kids

47:17at that time in the morning.

47:18They almost never eat breakfast.

47:21They're not waking up to be hungry at that point in the morning.

47:27They walk out of the house with wet hair.

47:30They don't get up early enough to generally dry their hair.

47:33And it seems to have more of an impact upon my daughter in the morning.

47:39She just simply biologically does not function well

47:43at that time in the morning.

47:44And she's usually not very nice.

47:46Why don't we just switch elementary and high school students?

47:49Yeah, it's so much easier.

47:51The elementary kid, too, is all fired.

47:52It's easy, yeah.

47:54They get up at 5.8.

47:55Plus, you know what?

47:56Plus, parents can make sure that their little kids

47:58get on the bus before they leave for work.

48:00Yeah.

48:00They go to bed at 9,

48:01and then they get up at 6.9 hours of sleep.

48:03Yeah.

48:04That's ridiculous.

48:04They hold up.

48:05They don't even need that much.

48:06That's like twice as much as I do.

48:07The parents are sitting there in the morning,

48:08go to bed, stay asleep.

48:09You don't need to get up yet,

48:10and they're still getting up.

48:11I think the kids would be happier.

48:12I think having a good breakfast

48:14and not rushing in the morning,

48:15I think they'd be happier coming a little later.

48:18Even if you start at school,

48:19like, 15, 20 minutes later,

48:21it still helps a lot.

48:22But, like, since we'll start an hour later,

48:23but I'll take in 15-minute increments

48:25if that's not what's going to occur.

48:278 o'clock would be excellent.

48:29I would love that.

48:30If kids had more sleep,

48:33which means that school would have to start later,

48:36the quality of their work would improve.

48:38They would come to school ready to learn.

48:41We did a big survey

48:43of some 3,000 high school kids

48:46in the local area.

48:48And what we found was

48:49that there was a relationship

48:50between the grades the kids said they got

48:54and how much sleep they said they got.

48:56And it was clear that the kids

48:58whose grade performance was worse

49:01were getting less sleep

49:03than those who had good performance in school.

49:06Alden Mock

49:08es un joven de 16 años

49:10que abogaría por la importancia de dormir.

49:12Alvin, quien se graduó en la secundaria

49:13con un promedio académico de 99.7%,

49:16está cursando tres lesiones en la universidad.

49:19Alvin, quien se graduó en la secundaria con un promedio académico de 99.7%,

49:26está cursando tres lesiones en la universidad.

49:31Alvin, quien se graduó en la secundaria con un promedio académico de 99.7%,

49:38está cursando tres lesiones en la universidad.

49:40Alvin, quien se graduó en la secundaria con un promedio académico de 99.7%,

49:43está cursando tres lesiones en la universidad.

49:46I think the school should start at about 10 and end at 4, 4.30.

49:51Cuenta la leyenda que la diosa de la luna se enamoró de un joven pastor.

50:13Se podían encontrar únicamente en sus sueños.

50:16De allí que ella haya procurado el sueño eterno para ambos con el fin de estar sin

50:21siempre juntos.

50:22Qué gran diferencia de nosotros que le estamos robando a nuestros hijos la necesidad básica

50:27de dormir.

50:32Kids are no longer sleeping in their beds as sleeping in a day-cast center.

50:38There are now 24-hour day-cast centers scattered around the North American continent.

50:45It's particularly troubling for children who are often missing out of sleep just to keep

50:52up with their parents' schedules.

50:53So you see them being dragged around at the malls until the mall closes at 9 o'clock in the

50:58evening.

50:59There is some evidence that kids who have sleep problems or bad sleep habits will continue

51:05them throughout life.

51:06Además, nuestra cultura ofrece pocos incentivos para cambiar.

51:08Entonces, ¿a quién podemos recorrer?

51:09I think that there's many terrestrials in an austral space program to help us understand

51:15sleep problems, sleep problems, sleep physiology on Earth and sleep.

51:22And I think overall we have an appreciation for the importance of risk in optimizing people's

51:27performance, recognizing that there is a correlation between fatigue and impaired judging

51:32with their performance.

51:34That's something that's not the knowledge of the space program.

51:39It's relevant for people who are working ships, people who perform and craft like this.

51:44El peligro recibe que un mejor entendimiento del sueño y el rendimiento podría ser usado

51:49en nuestra compra, en lugar de ayudarnos.

51:52One of the challenges is that people will try to take use of those to work even longer and

51:58even harder.

51:59And companies will do that to soften some disease and tighten them more tightly than they had

52:05before.

52:06So clearly there's a counterbalance that needs to be addressed here.

52:10So we don't go too far.

52:12We push the limits too far.

52:14Even though we can make it safe at a certain age, we can make it easy to live one of the

52:21amounts of money in our world that's no longer than we can take the limits with the...

52:26It's expensive.

52:27I think it's gonna be, it's a huge issue.

52:29Yeah.

52:31What does it mean?

52:33I mean...

52:36I mean...

52:38We need to build the world, but we need to be able to create our-

52:43We need to break the world.

52:47We need to be able to create our environment.

52:49Gracias por ver el video.

53:19Gracias por ver el video.

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