00:00Spaß wird überall sein.
00:01Du kannst nicht ohne Spaß leben.
00:02In 20 Jahren,
00:041 Euro, das in Spaßprogramme investiert wird,
00:06bringt ungefähr 5 Euro zurück in die Wirtschaft.
00:14Willkommen bei der großen Frage.
00:15Die Serie von Euronews,
00:16in der wir jede Ecke
00:18der Welt des Businesses erkunden.
00:19Heute bin ich mit dem Direktor General
00:21der Europäischen Spaßagentur,
00:22Josef Aschbacher, eingeladen.
00:24Vielen Dank, dass du heute mit mir dabei bist.
00:25In den letzten Jahren hat das Bild von Spaßreisen
00:27als eine Art Billionärs-Jungs-Club gewirkt.
00:30Glaubst du, dass die private Spaßindustrie
00:32einen wichtigen Roll in der Spaßindustrie weltweit spielt?
00:35Die private Spaßindustrie spielt einen großen Roll,
00:36aber es ist auch klar,
00:38dass die private Spaßindustrie
00:39ohne öffentliche Investitionen nicht erreicht wird.
00:43Nehmen wir zum Beispiel SpaceX.
00:45SpaceX ist die größte Spaßfirma
00:47heute in der Welt.
00:48Aber sie wurde gebaut,
00:50dank einer sehr starken Unterstützung von NASA,
00:53sowohl in Bezug auf das Geld.
00:55NASA hat uns enorm viel Geld gegeben,
00:57um Projekte zu bauen und zu entwickeln,
00:58aber auch Expertise.
01:00Also ja, wir brauchen private Investitionen,
01:02wir brauchen Kapital-Investitionen,
01:04wir brauchen Investitionen
01:05aus außerhalb des öffentlichen Bereichs.
01:07Absolut.
01:08Und ich arbeite sehr hart
01:10auch in Europa daran.
01:11Aber es muss Hand in Hand
01:13mit europäischen Programmen gehen,
01:14die das Ziel geben,
01:15was wir tun wollen.
01:16Wir wollen in die Spaßstation,
01:18wir wollen in den Mond,
01:19wir wollen Mars.
01:20Und dann engagieren wir die private Industrie
01:22und kaufen ein Service von ihnen.
01:23Aber wir müssen wirklich dafür sorgen,
01:24dass wir die langfristige Vision,
01:25die langfristigen Programme
01:27und das Geld, um sie zu ermöglichen, haben.
01:28Ja, absolut.
01:29Warum ist ESAs Arbeit
01:31wichtig, das öffentlich gefundet werden muss?
01:33Oh, es ist extrem wichtig.
01:35Manchmal mache ich eine Vergleiche
01:37und sage,
01:38schau, wenn ich dich 20 Jahre hervorragte,
01:41bräuchtest du das Internet?
01:42Du hättest gesagt, ja,
01:43das klingt sehr aufregend,
01:45das klingt sehr faszinierend,
01:46es könnte gut für etwas sein.
01:47Aber 20 Jahre hervorragend,
01:49niemand hätte jemals gedacht,
01:51die Dimension, die das Internet heute
01:53für das tägliche Leben, für alles.
01:55Und ich denke,
01:55der Raum ist ein bisschen in einer ähnlichen Situation.
01:58Heute, natürlich,
01:58der Raum ist bereits in vielen Disziplinen
02:00verwendet,
02:01aber in 20 Jahren von heute
02:03kann ich dir versichern,
02:04dass der Raum überall sein wird.
02:05Es wird Menschen verbinden,
02:07es wird unsere Planeten beobachten
02:08und viele andere Dinge
02:09werden mit Raumtechnologie unterstützt.
02:11In anderen Worten,
02:12du kannst nicht ohne Raum leben.
02:13In 20 Jahren von heute,
02:14schon heute kannst du nicht ohne Raum leben,
02:16aber in 20 Jahren noch mehr.
02:17Und das hat ökonomische Aspekte,
02:19gesellschaftliche Aspekte,
02:21geopolitische Aspekte,
02:22auch die Sicherheitsaspekte,
02:24aber nicht zuletzt auch
02:25die Inspiration von Menschen.
02:27Denn wenn man coole Raumprogramme hat,
02:29arbeiten junge Menschen dort
02:31und gehen nicht aus dem Land
02:32oder aus dem Kontinent.
02:33Ich sah
02:34vor sieben Jahren
02:35das Mondlanden
02:37und das änderte mein Mindset.
02:40Es hat mich überzeugt,
02:41dass das etwas ist,
02:41was ich als Erwachsener arbeiten möchte.
02:43Und ich bin immer noch fasziniert.
02:45Also ja, Raum ist sehr wichtig
02:47für die Europäische Raumagentur,
02:48aber eigentlich für jeden
02:50Bürger in Europa und weltweit.
02:53All these brilliant programmes
02:55and research and stuff
02:56that you do here at ESA,
02:57it's not cheap.
02:58But how much does it actually cost?
03:00It is very cheap.
03:01The ESA budget is about
03:028 billion per year.
03:03So if you compare this figure
03:05and put it in context
03:06with what is spent in the US,
03:08NASA has a budget of about
03:0925 billion per year.
03:10We have in ESA one third
03:11of the NASA budget.
03:12But having said that,
03:13we do have a huge output
03:15for what we do.
03:16Last year we had a record
03:18of 25 billion per year.
03:20And that's a lot of money.
03:22We had a record number of
03:2313 satellites that we have launched.
03:25We had the inaugural flight
03:26of Ariane 6.
03:28We had the return to flight
03:29of Vega-C.
03:30And all of this has been successful.
03:32We have two flagship programmes
03:34today that are Copernicus
03:35and Galileo.
03:36They are the best programmes
03:37in the world.
03:38Galileo delivers the most
03:40accurate signal for navigation
03:41worldwide.
03:42It's more accurate than GPS,
03:43despite the fact that Galileo
03:45was developed 20 years after
03:47GPS was already on the market.
03:48The very same happens in Copernicus.
03:51We have the most comprehensive
03:53observation of our planet
03:54and we deliver 350 terabytes
03:56of data to the globe
03:58of what happens on our planet.
03:59Again, it's the best
04:00Earth observation programme
04:01in the world.
04:02So I think this is something
04:03that shows that we do with
04:04a relatively modest amount
04:06of money a lot of deliverables
04:07in terms of space infrastructure.
04:09And I think this is something
04:10that Europe can be very proud of
04:11because this is money
04:13very well invested.
04:14Yeah, and for that investment
04:15from the member states in Europe,
04:17how does ESA contribute
04:19to the European economy?
04:20We've asked some consultancy
04:22companies to assess how much
04:24one euro invested in space
04:26is bringing back to the economy.
04:28Depends a little bit
04:28on the domain.
04:29In Earth observation
04:30or in weather forecasting,
04:31the economic impact is higher
04:33as compared to technology
04:35development.
04:36But across the board,
04:37one euro invested in space
04:39infrastructure or space programmes
04:41brings about five euro
04:41back to the economy.
04:43More recently, I've seen
04:44one example of the Arctic
04:45Weather Satellite, which we have
04:47just launched last year.
04:48One euro invested in this
04:50Arctic Weather Satellite
04:51constellation.
04:52It's at the moment
04:53with one satellite,
04:54but there's a future constellation
04:55that can be built up,
04:56can bring economic values
04:5850 times higher than the investment.
05:00Brilliant.
05:00All the work that actually
05:01happens in space,
05:02the programmes and the missions
05:03and the satellites and things,
05:05how do they benefit us
05:06in our economy?
05:07WeChill is a very interesting
05:08mission because it's monitoring
05:10space weather.
05:11In this particular case,
05:12the solar flares
05:13that come from the sun.
05:14So if there's a strong solar
05:16storm or solar flare,
05:18it can impact our
05:19infrastructure on planet Earth.
05:21That means electric systems,
05:23even in space, the electronics
05:25can be damaged.
05:26So we need to know when such
05:28a solar flare is about to
05:30happen and has a certain intensity
05:31that it could harm our
05:32infrastructure.
05:33So WeChill is actually one
05:35of two satellites.
05:36One is built by ESA, the WeChill,
05:38another one by NASA.
05:39And with these two satellites,
05:41you can really determine much
05:42earlier when a strong
05:44solar eruption would come and
05:46therefore have an impact on
05:48infrastructure, either in space
05:50of satellites or the space
05:52station or on Earth for the
05:53electrical grid, which is one of
05:55the elements that is at risk.
05:57How expensive is something like
05:58this? And then what would be the
05:59projected savings from us
06:00gaining that forewarning?
06:02The cost of such a satellite is
06:03in the order of a few hundred
06:05millions, which is certainly
06:06an investment to be made.
06:07But if you can imagine
06:09how much you can save by
06:11protecting infrastructure on the
06:13ground and therefore minimizing
06:15damage that can happen through a
06:16solar eruption, then there's a
06:17multiple factor in between.
06:19Let me just take one example,
06:21because we do not yet have
06:22WeChill in orbit and therefore we
06:24do not yet have this information.
06:26Recently, there was a solar storm
06:28that was unexpected, which
06:30resulted in the damage
06:32of tens of satellites that have
06:33just been launched and the solar
06:35wind literally pushed it
06:37from orbit into the atmosphere
06:39and therefore they deorbited
06:40because they could not be
06:42rescued.
06:43This was unexpected and
06:44unprepared.
06:45And of course, you can imagine
06:46several tens of satellites
06:47cost much more money than
06:49one satellite necessary
06:51in order to monitor such
06:53a solar storm and therefore be
06:54well prepared.
06:55And finally, on a personal
06:57level, what are
06:58you most excited about in ESA's
07:00future?
07:01ESA is an incredibly
07:04powerful organization in terms of
07:05delivering.
07:06ESA is very efficient
07:08in terms of use of taxpayers'
07:10money and the impact it creates
07:11for the economy and for people's
07:13daily life.
07:14That is connecting people, that
07:15is driving people in the sense
07:17of giving them the navigation
07:18signals.
07:19So there I really see
07:21ESA and space in Europe
07:23to become an essential part of
07:24the future economy and the future
07:26society.
07:27And maybe in many cases
07:29not visible because it's
07:31satellites are up there and you
07:33do not know that your navigation
07:35signal needs satellites, but you
07:37use them and you rely on them.
07:38But it really will enable the
07:40functioning of our society and
07:42make Europe powerful,
07:44richer and certainly more
07:45successful.
07:46Okay, brilliant.
07:47Well, thank you so much for
07:48sharing this exciting work with me
07:49today and for joining me on The Big
07:51Question.
07:51Thank you.
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