Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) focused on enabling systems to learn from data, identify patterns, and make decisions with minimal human intervention. It leverages algorithms to analyze large datasets and improve performance on specific tasks through experience. Key components include data, models, training, and evaluation. ML is categorized into several types:
1. **Supervised Learning**: Involves training a model on labeled data, where the desired output is known. Common algorithms include linear regression, decision trees, and support vector machines.
2. **Unsupervised Learning**: Deals with unlabeled data to identify patterns or groupings. Techniques include clustering (e.g., k-means) and dimensionality reduction (e.g., PCA).
3. **Semi-supervised Learning**: Combines both labeled and unlabeled data to improve training accuracy.
4. **Reinforcement Learning**: Involves training agents to make sequences of decisions based on rewards received from the environment.
Machine learning applications span various fields, including image and speech recognition, natural language processing, recommendation systems, and predictive analytics.
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