00:00In April 2023, astronomers made a fascinating discovery.
00:06A black hole, fugitive.
00:08This one crosses the universe at a stupefying speed of 5,600,000 km per hour,
00:14which is about 4,500 times the speed of sound.
00:17This discovery was made by chance when researchers noticed a strange straight line in the images of the Hubble telescope.
00:24After an in-depth analysis, they understood that it was a moving black hole.
00:29The latter compresses the gases on its path, literally generating new stars along its trajectory.
00:35It thus leaves behind it a magnificent star chain that extends over 200,000 light years,
00:40which is the equivalent of the length of two Milky Ways.
00:43One of the ends of this star chain seems to be connected to a small distant galaxy,
00:49hence the black hole probably comes from.
00:51It is likely that two supermassive black holes were spinning around each other,
00:56until another galaxy, with its own supermassive black hole, arrives and ejects one of the two, hence its name of fugitive.
01:05It is possible that there is a ninth planet, nicknamed Planet 9, in our solar system.
01:11If this planet is real, it would be well beyond Pluto.
01:15Astronomers emit this hypothesis because of the unusual movements of some rocky objects close to Neptune,
01:22as if they were influenced by the gravity of an immense invisible planet.
01:25Planet 9 could be a gas or ice giant, with a mass seven times greater than that of Earth.
01:32According to one of the theories, it would have existed within our solar system before hitting a massive object
01:38that would have propelled it on an extremely long orbit around the sun.
01:43The discovery of this planet could revolutionize our understanding of the solar system.
01:47A new telescope, equipped with the largest digital camera ever designed,
01:52will begin its observations of the sky in 2025.
01:55Perhaps it will finally discover this mysterious planet.
01:58In 2023, another breathtaking discovery was made thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope,
02:04which identified more than 500 objects similar to planets in the Orion Nebula.
02:09Some of these objects have a mass comparable to that of Jupiter,
02:13and are called binary objects of Jupiterian mass, or jumbo for the faint-hearted.
02:20They float freely without stars, and are neither truly stars nor planets.
02:25Even more surprising, about 42 pairs of these objects orbit around each other,
02:31an unexpected behavior for planets.
02:34In addition, objects of this size should not normally form and exist without being linked to a star.
02:42Astronomers are trying to understand this phenomenon.
02:46Perhaps these jumbo formed in regions where the matter was enough to create large planetary objects,
02:52but not enough to form stars.
02:54Or were they all ejected from their stellar system?
02:57This mystery now requires a thorough study.
03:02The black hole located in the center of our galaxy, Sagittarius A,
03:06was in the past a particularly strange object.
03:11Fortunately, it did not escape as the other black hole mentioned earlier,
03:15but it presented singular behaviors.
03:18Astronomers have discovered two supermassive structures called Fermi balls and Erosita balls,
03:25which extend over about half the width of our galaxy and have dominated the Milky Way for more than 2 million years.
03:31Scientists estimate that it is our black hole that would be at the origin of these balls,
03:36having probably gone through a phase of maximum activity,
03:39with a spectacular energetic eruption that would have lasted about 100,000 years.
03:44This event would have left these huge balls.
03:49In 2023, the James Webb Space Telescope captured a remarkable and extremely detailed image of objects called Erbic Arrows,
03:57in particular those called Erbic Arrows 46-47.
04:01These objects are mainly made up of young stars surrounded by magnificent nebulae.
04:07We observe stars wrapped in a disk of matter that feeds them and supports their growth over millions of years.
04:14They are located at about 1470 light years.
04:18However, it is not really them that are drawing our attention.
04:22What is much more captivating is this strange object just below,
04:27a space structure that looks like a question mark.
04:31What is it?
04:33No one knows for sure.
04:35Its orange-red color suggests that it could be very far away,
04:39perhaps even billions of light years, far beyond our galaxy.
04:44Some think that this mysterious question mark could result from the fusion of two or more galaxies.
04:51One of them was probably a deformed spiral galaxy,
04:56hence its slightly curved shape,
04:58perhaps representing the tails torn by turning from one to the other.
05:03The other would have been smaller and rounder,
05:06resembling a classic spherical galaxy.
05:10Gravitational dynamics never cease to surprise us.
05:15Astronomers have begun their search for extraterrestrial megastructures.
05:19They believe that if an intelligent civilization exists somewhere,
05:23it could have built huge structures to feed their technology,
05:27like the Dyson spheres,
05:29hypothetical structures surrounding stars to capture their energy.
05:34By analyzing the historical data of telescopes that detect infrared signals,
05:39they have detected unusual signals that could indicate the presence of such structures.
05:44Currently, seven potential candidates have been identified,
05:48all coming from red dwarf stars,
05:50smaller, redder, and less massive than the Sun.
05:54Another research institute has found 53 other candidates.
05:58The exact cause of these signals remains uncertain.
06:02They could not be Dyson spheres,
06:04but large spatial debris.
06:09It seems that there are mysterious structures in the heart of our galaxy.
06:14In 2023,
06:15the James Webb Space Telescope captured a detailed image of the Sagittarius C region,
06:21located near the center of the Milky Way.
06:24This image revealed a dense area where stars are formed,
06:27with many young stars and dark clouds blocking the light of the stars behind.
06:33It is a place as crowded as chaotic,
06:35with about 500,000 stars of different ages,
06:38sizes and colors.
06:40Scientists are now studying it to better understand the formation of the stars.
06:44But what is really strange is that they have discovered something else.
06:48A vast region of ionized hydrogen,
06:51visible in science on the image.
06:53This area measures about 25 light years long and surrounds the lower part of a dense cloud.
06:59There also seem to be structures,
07:01shaped like needles,
07:02apparently arranged randomly,
07:05and astronomers have no idea what they are.
07:09They will therefore have to study this in more detail.
07:13Astronomers have discovered an extremely rare massive galaxy,
07:17called JWST 7329,
07:21and it is of impressive antiquity.
07:23Our universe is about 13.8 billion years old,
07:27but the stars of this galaxy seem to have formed about 13 billion years ago,
07:33or only 800 million years after the Big Bang.
07:37In addition, this venerable galaxy has a stellar mass four times larger than that of our current Milky Way.
07:44This strange discovery questions our knowledge of the formation of galaxies and the nature of dark matter.
07:51According to what we know, galaxies should not have formed so early.
07:56There should not have been enough dark matter for that.
08:00Yet it is the case.
08:02It is therefore possible that our models need to be revised.
08:07An incredible astronomical event,
08:09called AT 2021 LWX,
08:13and nicknamed Scary Barbie,
08:15took place.
08:16It was a flash of extremely bright energy that occurred on April 13, 2021.
08:21This is one of the most energetic events ever observed in space.
08:26There were no galaxies or quasars nearby.
08:30So what could have happened?
08:33Initially, astronomers thought that a supermassive black hole attracted a huge star.
08:39But after some research, they now believe that it could be due to a giant black hole,
08:45which would have swallowed a large amount of gas,
08:48perhaps a huge molecular cloud.
08:50This titanic black hole would have a mass between 100 million and a billion times that of the Sun.
08:56And it is one of the most massive and most active known black holes.
09:01Astronomers have found the oldest filament of the cosmic web ever observed.
09:06The cosmic web designates a huge structure of the universe
09:09made up of interconnected filaments of galaxies and dark matter.
09:14They act as an ossature for galaxies and other structures,
09:18playing a crucial role in their formation.
09:21The discovered filament is composed of 10 narrowly grouped galaxies
09:25and extends over more than 3 million light years.
09:28This filament is very old,
09:30as it would have appeared only 830 million years after the Big Bang,
09:35probably anchored by a luminous quasar.
09:38This discovery pushes us to reconsider the way galaxies are formed
09:42and to reflect on what happened in our universe after the Big Bang.
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