00:00If our heroes are still alive today, what stories will they tell us about our history?
00:15When you watch the film General Luna, you'll hate Aguinaldo even more.
00:19It became controversial after the historian's fair for the Philippine History Month
00:25was held at the GSIS Museo ng Sining in Pasay, Kamakailan.
00:31In the Q&A, the author and historian, Ambeth Ocampo,
00:36discussed an important detail in our history.
00:41According to his research,
00:44the real killer of the Director of War during the Philippine-American War,
00:53General Antonio Luna, is none other than...
00:59It's not Aguinaldo.
01:01It's Aguinaldo's mother.
01:05Ambeth Ocampo immediately denounced one of the participants in the event,
01:11the local history and culture scholar, Pepe Alas.
01:15What he said is very conclusive.
01:17In my research, I am ready to know who had Antonio Luna killed.
01:21It's not Aguinaldo. It's Aguinaldo's mother.
01:24If there are historians who say otherwise, then the burden of proof is theirs.
01:28They will come out.
01:31What was the basis of Ambeth Ocampo's statement
01:35that the one who killed General Antonio Luna
01:39was not Emilio Aguinaldo,
01:42but the Director, Aguinaldo's own mother, Trinidad Fami,
01:48also known as Captain Teneng.
01:51If Captain Teneng is the promoter of Antonio Luna's death,
01:56it's frustrating.
01:58It's hard to believe that he was not the instigator of the massacre.
02:03Why did it take a long time to rediscover this information?
02:12Now that we have celebrated Philippine History Month and National Heroes Day,
02:18let's clarify the life and death of General Antonio Luna
02:24and why it is still important and timely to talk about it today.
02:31A few days after Ambeth Ocampo released his controversial statement,
02:36I interviewed him.
02:38Ambeth, what is your basis for saying that Aguinaldo's mother
02:42was the one who killed General Antonio Luna?
02:45I have been investigating this for a long time.
02:48Even before the war, it has already come out.
02:50General Antonio Luna, even though he was known for his bravery in fighting,
02:56he had a lot of enemies because of his strict leadership.
03:01Luna was one of those people who believed that
03:05if we are ready to give up, we will not give in to the Americans.
03:09But Pedro Paterno and Felipe Buencamino,
03:13they feel that the country is already poor,
03:16let's talk to the Americans.
03:18They did not agree.
03:20What will I fight? Will I bite them?
03:22He really saw that injustice was happening.
03:25Injustice is not only seen by the enemies,
03:29but also by the Filipinos.
03:32Will I be helped by countrymen like them?
03:35Some of Luna's men were forced to fight in the war.
03:40While some of them lived up to his orders,
03:43he was stripped of his rank.
03:46Why do you have so many uniforms?
03:48Don't you know how to follow orders?
03:51Just like what he did to one of the alleged suspects
03:54in his imprisonment in 1899,
03:57Pedro Hanolino, the captain,
03:59who was an ally of the former president, Emilio Aguinaldo.
04:03Many people were angry with Luna,
04:05they were jealous of her, they didn't like her,
04:08but only a few had a motive to kill.
04:12In this exact place, in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija,
04:16Antonio Luna was arrested on June 5, 1899.
04:21Luna went to this place to help Aguinaldo.
04:28But Luna didn't meet Aguinaldo in his office.
04:32What are you doing here?
04:33One of the people he met there was Felipe Buencamino,
04:37Aguinaldo's secret agent,
04:40whom he first imprisoned.
04:43As you can see, he was there, he was free.
04:46They fought again.
04:47I love the Philippines.
04:49But it's not enough for him to fight or die for it.
04:53Until their defeat,
04:55a gunshot echoed.
05:00When Luna left the commission,
05:02he met Captain Pedro Hanolino,
05:05whom Aguinaldo returned to the service
05:08with other soldiers from Cavite,
05:11who shot him in the head.
05:16He was shot in the head.
05:24He was shot in the head by the Kawit Brigade.
05:29Those who had an autopsy said
05:32he had 31 or 41 wounds.
05:36They were really angry.
05:37It was self-defense.
05:39After Aguinaldo died, they were not investigated.
05:42Because Aguinaldo's men were involved in the assassination of Luna,
05:47he was one of the so-called masterminds of the crime.
05:50It all boils down to command responsibility.
05:53Who is loyal to that?
05:54We remember that the people involved in Luna's death were Cavite Company guards.
05:59But the accusation,
06:01Aguinaldo could be denied until his death.
06:06Meanwhile, in the 2015 historical film, General Luna,
06:10after the General's funeral,
06:12a woman peeked out of the window.
06:16What?
06:17Is that still moving?
06:18It could still be moving.
06:20It's a caring answer.
06:22But the source I read said
06:25she was angry.
06:27Others said that there was a woman
06:29who peeked out of the window.
06:31She was old.
06:32Obviously, she was not Aguinaldo's wife.
06:34But if we look closely,
06:37Aguinaldo's mother was also present at the time of the crime.
06:43Others believe that Trinidad Family could be the mother of Emilio Aguinaldo.
06:50What we did in the film was to make a suggestion.
06:53But we didn't directly imply that he was the one behind it.
06:57In the books we based,
06:59especially The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna by Vivencio Ose,
07:03it is stated that when Luna was killed,
07:05an old woman peeked out of the window.
07:08Aguinaldo was really close to his mother.
07:12There is a story that even though there was a fight,
07:15Aguinaldo's wife was carrying him in a duyan.
07:18I asked Chudoro Agoncillo,
07:20why is his mother always with him?
07:22He said, you know, his mother needs to be with him
07:25because if the enemy gets your mother,
07:27he will be hostaged to give up his child.
07:30Sometimes there is an element of misogyny or sexism
07:36because the women are not directly in positions of power.
07:40They are the ones manipulating.
07:42But if it is true that Aguinaldo's mother killed the general,
07:49what is her motive?
07:51To me, and this is also what Juan Villamor said,
07:54it's excessive maternal protection.
07:58They reported that Luna was manipulating to replace Aguinaldo.
08:02What's funny is that it doesn't appear in books.
08:06Until Ambev Ocampo's lecture at the History Fair a while ago,
08:11he discussed this fact that according to others,
08:14it is possible that the fate of our history will change.
08:18In my research, I already know who had Antonio Luna killed.
08:22It's not Aguinaldo, it's Aguinaldo's mother.
08:24If you want, you can read only two books,
08:27Vivencio Oset, Chodoro Agoncillo.
08:29The secret in these books,
08:31open the Bible, look at the footnote.
08:34Ambev refers to the footnote from the historian,
08:38Juan Villamor.
08:40Induced by dominant advisors,
08:42especially by women whose affection he could not disregard.
08:46He found out everything.
08:47There are affidavits in front of him.
08:50In front of him, he told stories.
08:52He interviewed all people.
08:55This is the conclusion.
08:56To him, it was Buencamino and his mother who were responsible.
09:00This statement of Ambev Ocampo
09:02reached the descendants of Antonio Luna and Emilio Aguinaldo.
09:08If Captain Teneng is the promoter of the death of Antonio Luna,
09:13it is frustrating.
09:14You have to consider,
09:16the history professors have their own interpretations.
09:20It's hard to believe
09:22that he's not the instigator of the disease.
09:25You even involve your mother.
09:27Even if your mother advised you wrongly,
09:29I hope you don't follow it.
09:30It's still his responsibility.
09:32On a personal level,
09:34they may still not be happy
09:36if the conversation continues.
09:38Especially if in their view,
09:40the information is insufficient
09:42or the picture of their grandfather is not fair.
09:46A lot of us probably grew up thinking
09:48that the one who killed General Luna was Aguinaldo.
09:52Where did the dissonance or inconsistency come from?
09:56If you remember, in school,
09:58we were taught to act on emotion.
10:01Like, what do you feel?
10:03Aguinaldo killed Bonifacio.
10:05Aguinaldo killed Antonio Luna.
10:08But actually, if we look at it,
10:10it's not really a marriage.
10:12He may have ordered it,
10:14but he wasn't involved in both instances.
10:16And what I'm finding out now is
10:19that Quezon is using history
10:22to discredit his political rival
10:26during the election of 1935.
10:29But to be clear,
10:31he has no intention of making this discussion controversial.
10:35This is the answer to a 10-year-old kid
10:38who said,
10:39you know, I like Emilio Jacinto,
10:41but I don't like Aguinaldo
10:43because he killed a lot of people.
10:45My explanation to this kid is,
10:47you know, when you grow up,
10:49you'll study history,
10:51you'll learn a lot,
10:52then you will understand.
10:54So the example I gave,
10:56to those who don't know much,
10:58Aguinaldo's mother,
11:00according to some sources,
11:02was the one who killed him.
11:03It's not common knowledge.
11:04That's also one of the reasons
11:06why I deleted it.
11:08Because, you know,
11:09it's of general public interest.
11:19That's not what Ambez meant.
11:21What I heard was very clear.
11:28The assumption,
11:29that's his mistake.
11:30He should have said first that,
11:32I think,
11:33maybe Trinidad Fami
11:35is responsible for these incidents.
11:37That's where I can accept
11:38that it's a hypothetical.
11:40If there are historians
11:41who say otherwise,
11:42then the burden of proof is theirs.
11:44They will come up with their own.
11:46As for me,
11:47I said what I came up with.
11:50It's just one book.
11:51Agoncillo never made that assertion.
11:54He doesn't believe
11:55in the Nagalaw Pabayan.
11:57The source for that quote
11:58is General Venancio Concepcion,
12:01the general of the revolution.
12:02He wrote that.
12:04I will not willfully
12:06come up with untruths.
12:08Call on teachers
12:09to explore different ways
12:11of teaching history.
12:13We should open up
12:14to different sources,
12:15even formats,
12:16of learning materials.
12:18I already know
12:19who had Antonio Luna killed.
12:21It's not Aguinaldo.
12:22It's Aguinaldo's mother.
12:23It makes people discuss history.
12:26Suddenly, there's a discourse.
12:28For us,
12:29those who study
12:30and teach history,
12:31that's good.
12:32It should be current
12:33and relevant.
12:34The discourse should continue.
12:37If we are to be a country,
12:39we need a radical change.
12:41Brothers and sisters,
12:42we have a bigger fight
12:44than the Americans.
12:45It's ourselves.
12:49All the efforts of heroes
12:52are for the freedom
12:54that we enjoy now.
12:56We will destroy them
12:57because they are mentioned.
12:59But we really don't know
13:00what life is,
13:01what life is,
13:02what it's been through,
13:03what it's been for.
13:07It's a great honor
13:08to fight for our motherland
13:10when we have two minds.
13:11Long live the Philippines!
13:13Long live!
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