00:00Vaananam Vasasvadhivi Sindhaven Aadhravi
00:20Vanakkam Eerthaley
00:28In the 20th century, the Cold War was one of the most horrific events in the history of the world.
00:39The main reason for the outbreak of the Cold War was that Stalin, who came to power after Lenin in Russia,
00:46and the next-in-line rulers split their forces at the speed of light,
00:53and forced the Communism they believed in to dominate the world.
00:58The absurdity of Russia could be undermined by other countries,
01:03but the United States, which hated Communism,
01:07took part in a direct arms race against Russia's weapons.
01:11As a result, the Cold War was called the Cold War.
01:15When it was at its peak, the world wondered whether the Cold War would end or the Third World War would break out.
01:24However, no one could have expected that after 74 years,
01:34Communism, which had prevailed in Russia through Lenin, would fall apart in 1991.
01:43Yes, that year the Soviet Union collapsed,
01:47Communism collapsed,
01:49the Cold War disintegrated,
01:52and the world liberated from the arms race was at peace.
01:57All of this was possible because of a man's stubborn view
02:01and his belief that the rules alone would not solve domestic problems,
02:06and his belief that the world's need was not economic development but weapon development.
02:13Mikhail Gorbachev, the name of the different politician who raised the security of the world tenfold and excelled in history by bringing the Cold War to an end.
02:25Gorbachev was born in the village of Pripyat in the Stavropol region of Turkish Russia in 1931.
02:34When he was a child, Joseph Stalin's massacres were taking place in Russia.
02:40Gorbachev's grandfather, Andrei, experienced nine years of imprisonment in Stalin's rule, which is described in history as one of the worst massacres.
02:50Gorbachev grew up watching Stalin's atrocities.
02:54He excelled in school and at the age of 15, he joined the Young Communist League, also known as Komsomol.
03:02In 1950, he joined the Moscow Bolshevik League and broke the law.
03:07When he was a student, he became a member of the Communist Party.
03:12In 1955, he married the woman named Raisa, whom he met at the wedding.
03:21Gorbachev, who returned to the Stavropol region where he was born after getting married in law,
03:27took on many responsibilities step by step in the leadership of the Communist Party.
03:32In 1970, he was appointed as the party's district governor.
03:37The following year, he was appointed as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.
03:43In 1980, he was promoted as a full member of the Soviet Committee.
03:50Until that time, Leonid Brezhnev, who was the leader of the Soviet Union,
03:55When he died in 1982, he was appointed as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.
04:00When he died in 1982, he was appointed as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.
04:05On March 11, 1985, when he died,
04:10Gorbachev was appointed as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.
04:17Unlike the former Soviet rulers, Gorbachev traveled a lot to other countries.
04:24Because of this, he had a different view and attitude.
04:28When he was appointed, the Soviet Union was facing a lot of problems.
04:33The main reason was that a lot of money was spent on the arms race.
04:39Gorbachev decided to end the arms race as soon as he was appointed.
04:45Then, on the invitation of the American President Ronald Reagan,
04:48the two of them held four summit meetings.
04:52In 1987, the two leaders signed an agreement to reduce arms.
04:59The world did not realize that the fate of the Soviet Union was beginning to change.
05:06The next year, Gorbachev announced another decision and shook the world.
05:11He announced that he would recover the Soviet troops that had invaded Afghanistan for nine years.
05:18The former leaders did not do it out of shame.
05:22Rather than keeping the troops there just for fun and increasing the losses,
05:27the world appreciated his wisdom that he should get out of there and reduce the losses.
05:34Gorbachev also gave the same importance to the two foreign policy changes
05:38when it came to national property.
05:41He announced the Perestroika, a small form of property.
05:45Because of that small form of property, the Communist Party's iron fist began to tremble.
05:50In some cases, permission was granted for independence.
05:53In 1986, he announced the Glasnost.
05:59That group was the base for the destruction of Communism.
06:03It opened many doors that were closed in the Soviet Union.
06:07Individuals and media were allowed to speak freely and politically.
06:13In 1989, another miracle happened.
06:17For the first time, an election was held for the Soviet Union.
06:21After Lenin took power in 1917,
06:26it was the first free election in Russia.
06:31After World War II, in six countries, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia,
06:38Eastern Germany, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union dominated.
06:44All those parties were hated by the people.
06:48The Communist leaders of those countries
06:52fought with the support of the Soviet army and the secret police for about 40 years with iron fists.
06:58But in 1989-92,
07:03in those Eastern European countries,
07:06miraculous changes occurred.
07:08In 1989, there was a uprising in Eastern Germany.
07:13People tried to go to West Germany beyond the Berlin Wall, which separated the two Germans.
07:19At that time, Erich Honecker, who was the leader of the Communist Party in Eastern Germany,
07:24as usual, in that year when he wanted to control the regime,
07:28Gorbachev imposed an emergency exit on Berlin.
07:32With the warning not to use the border,
07:35Gorbachev, who started the retreat in a hurry,
07:39told Honecker that Soviet troops should not be used for any border.
07:44At that time, 380,000 Russian troops were in Eastern Germany.
07:49He was beheaded in the South Wall, which caused a bloodbath.
07:53In two weeks, Honecker took office.
07:57On the same year, November 9, an unbelievable thing happened.
08:01The Berlin Wall was opened.
08:03Millions of Eastern Germans entered Eastern Germany independently.
08:09The Berlin Wall, which was a ruin in history, was demolished.
08:13Opposition from other Communist countries also began to rise.
08:17Todor Zhivkov, who ruled Bulgaria with iron fists,
08:22took office on November 10.
08:25A week later, there was a mass protest in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
08:31On December 10, Gustav Husserl took office.
08:36In Hungary, there was an election on November 26.
08:40Communist leaders lost by a huge margin.
08:45The Communist Party was defeated in Poland,
08:48and from January 1, 1990,
08:52there were suspicions.
08:55When his comrades saw each other digging the ground,
08:59the Romanian prime minister started the revolt.
09:03But the people's anger did not leave any prime minister.
09:08Another example is the incident that took place on December 25.
09:14On that day, Prime Minister Ceaușescu was kidnapped from the government,
09:17then arrested and shot.
09:21With that, the last Communist dictatorship in Eastern Europe came to an end.
09:26Some Soviet bourgeoisie, who had seen all this with open eyes,
09:31also began to demand independence.
09:34On March 11, 1990,
09:37Lithuania boldly announced that it had obtained its independence from the Soviet Union.
09:43Gobertov did not use military force even if he wanted to.
09:48By the end of that year,
09:5015 bourgeoisie members of the Soviet Union had also declared their independence.
09:55Some former Communist and military leaders,
09:59who had seen the collapse of the Soviet Union with their own eyes,
10:04were arrested by the Communist Party in August 1991,
10:08and Gobertov was imprisoned.
10:11But the leaders like Boris Yeltsin and the Soviet people
10:15went on a rampage to express their strong opposition to it.
10:19After that, there was a rapid change in Russia.
10:23The Communist regime was banned and its assets were confiscated.
10:28By the end of that year, all Soviet bourgeoisie members were separated.
10:33The Soviet Union disbanded.
10:36In December of the same year, Gobertov left office.
10:41He took office and everything happened in six years.
10:45Among the many leaders who made the 20th century a safe haven,
10:50Gobertov was the only one who ensured its safety.
10:55Today, he has sold himself to maintain a certain level of peace in the world.
11:00He has boldly raised the necessary pillars.
11:04Among the leaders who were proud of their weapons,
11:08he was the pinnacle of economy and world peace.
11:13He brought about a great change in history.
11:16History will always remember him.
11:19Now, it is one of my dreams to meet the 75-year-old Gobertov in person and thank him.
11:28Dear viewers,
11:29The story of Gobertov, who lived a peaceful life with his mother, Teresa,
11:34continues to be filled with the story of this sky.
11:38For the past seven months,
11:40I have had the opportunity to introduce you to 100 historians.
11:45I am very proud of this opportunity.
11:47There are 100 reasons for you to succeed in life.
11:54It is not by chance that the sky was given to those 100 people.
12:00Hard work, self-determination, self-confidence,
12:03courage not to give in to failure,
12:06perseverance, patience, high spirits, these are the reasons.
12:10It is the meaningful life of 100 people that we have shown you.
12:16History proudly carries the stories of many more people.
12:21If you grow the fruits that nourish the sky for them,
12:25history awaits to carry your name.
12:28Work with self-confidence,
12:30your dreams will come true,
12:32you will fly bravely in the sky you want to nourish.
12:37My best wishes.
12:39If the opportunity and time come together,
12:42I will introduce you to many more historians.
12:47The only disability in life is a bad attitude.
13:02Luck is a dividend of sweat.
13:05The more you sweat, the luckier you get.
13:08Luck is a dividend of sweat.
13:12The more you sweat, the luckier you get.
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