What Happened to the Iceberg And Other Titanic Facts

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Transcript

00:00:00It was the start of 1912.

00:00:03A giant chunk of ice broke off a glacier in southwest Greenland.

00:00:08The ice was made up of snow that had fallen thousands of years before the event,

00:00:13perhaps as far back as when mammoths still roamed the Earth.

00:00:17The iceberg started its journey.

00:00:20It was a huge thing, more than 1,700 feet long and weighing over 75 million tons.

00:00:26It was also a very peaceful chunk of ice.

00:00:29It steered clear of ships and busy transport routes.

00:00:33And then it somehow floated much further south than other bergs did.

00:00:38Our iceberg was lucky. Others melt long before they get to these low latitudes.

00:00:43Out of up to 30,000 icebergs that drift away from Greenland's glaciers,

00:00:47only 1% ever make it all the way to the Atlantic.

00:00:51Even after melting into the water for months,

00:00:54this massive block of ice was still almost twice as heavy as the Golden Gate Bridge.

00:00:59The iceberg's top part was towering ten stories over the ocean's surface.

00:01:05Several days before our iceberg made it to the Atlantic Ocean,

00:01:08a magnificent ship left port.

00:01:11It was a luxury liner, carrying more than 3,000 passengers and crew members.

00:01:16At that time, it was the largest ship ever built.

00:01:19It was the Titanic.

00:01:22The collisions happened on April 14th, when the ship was in the North Atlantic,

00:01:26370 miles away from Newfoundland.

00:01:29Unable to divert its course, the ship ruptured at least five of its hull compartments.

00:01:34They started to fill with water at an alarming speed.

00:01:38The Titanic's compartments weren't capped at the top.

00:01:41That's why the water spilled over and started to flood each succeeding one.

00:01:46The front of the ship began to sink, causing the back part to lift vertically into the air.

00:01:52And then, with a deafening roar, the liner broke in half.

00:01:56The rest is history.

00:01:58But what happened to the iceberg after that?

00:02:01On April 15th, the German ocean liner SS Prinz Aldebert was sailing through the North Atlantic.

00:02:08It was traveling a few miles away from the place where the Titanic had sunk several hours prior.

00:02:14The German ship's chief steward, who hadn't learned about the disaster yet, saw an iceberg.

00:02:20What drew his attention was a large streak of red paint going along the iceberg's base.

00:02:25Surprised, the man took a photo of his discovery.

00:02:29He thought the paint meant a ship had hit the iceberg within the past 12 hours.

00:02:34The next person who saw the iceberg, and took another photo of it,

00:02:37was the captain of a vessel laying deep-sea telecommunication cables.

00:02:42The ship was sent to help in the area where the Titanic had sunk.

00:02:46The captain later claimed the iceberg he'd seen had been the only one in that area.

00:02:51Plus the red paint.

00:02:53It wasn't difficult to connect the dots.

00:02:56In 2015, one of these photos sold at auction for over $32,000.

00:03:02And still, experts are unsure whether the image really shows the infamous block of ice.

00:03:08It might be a simple iceberg that had been floating nearby at that time.

00:03:12The great, unsinkable ship was gone,

00:03:15sunken to the bottom of the North Atlantic, where it remains to this day.

00:03:20But the iceberg continued on its way, perplexing a few witnesses,

00:03:24and slowly melting into the surrounding water.

00:03:27It would vanish completely before the end of the year.

00:03:31The Kraken is a colossal squid.

00:03:34A legendary sea monster.

00:03:36The biggest hunk of calamari you ever saw.

00:03:39And if this monster had existed, the world would have changed beyond recognition.

00:03:45The Kraken has powerful tentacles.

00:03:47Solid muscles with suckers at the end.

00:03:50They're just impossible to escape.

00:03:52The Kraken can break a ship in half, or just pull it down into the depths.

00:03:57According to old sailor stories, the Kraken reached 5,000 feet in length.

00:04:01That's almost 10 soccer fields.

00:04:03Hey, maybe the Kraken could play soccer.

00:04:06The Kraken legend said the monster was so giant that sailors mistook it for a small island.

00:04:12In past centuries, it would have been impossible to defeat such a beast.

00:04:17If the Kraken existed in real life,

00:04:19it would have been impossible to defeat such a beast.

00:04:24If the Kraken existed in reality,

00:04:26it might have had offspring.

00:04:28Yeah, in all the world's oceans,

00:04:30there would be giant monsters that could sink any ship.

00:04:33It's unlikely that the Kraken would have competitors in its habitat,

00:04:37so its population would grow strongly.

00:04:40Since the Kraken is enormous, it would need lots of food,

00:04:43so the population of other large sea animals would fall significantly.

00:04:48Blue whales, great white sharks,

00:04:50Blue whales, great white sharks,

00:04:52other giant squids,

00:04:53all the big sea creatures would be endangered.

00:04:56Many people are starving because of the reduction of large fish in the ocean.

00:05:00Urban economies that rely on fishing will be in decline.

00:05:04Prices for small fish around the world are getting more expensive

00:05:08because it's unsafe to fish.

00:05:10To defeat the Kraken, you need powerful weapons,

00:05:13but the monster is tough to catch.

00:05:15The Kraken belongs to the cephalopod genus.

00:05:18This species includes squid and octopus,

00:05:21some of the most intelligent creatures on the planet.

00:05:24The Kraken is a skilled hunter and will never fight in the open.

00:05:28So, what can you do?

00:05:30You can't track the Kraken because it approaches from the depths, not the surface.

00:05:34Though you may be able to tell that the monster is somewhere nearby

00:05:38if a lot of fish surface.

00:05:40When the Kraken swims, it scares all the fish in the vicinity.

00:05:43But it might already be too late.

00:05:46A huge tentacle emerges from the water resembling a high tower.

00:05:50This tower falls on the deck of the ship, shattering it.

00:05:53The sailors scream and run.

00:05:55The Kraken lands a second blow, and the vessel is almost capsized.

00:06:00Next, the Kraken wraps its giant tentacles around the ship

00:06:03and pulls it to the bottom.

00:06:05Oh boy!

00:06:06What if the sailors managed to detach the ship from the tentacles of this monster?

00:06:11With the help of powerful weapons, the ship's crew strikes back.

00:06:15The Kraken retreats under the water.

00:06:17It's hurt, angry.

00:06:19It seems the battle is over.

00:06:21But here comes the worst.

00:06:23A whirlpool forms beside the ship.

00:06:25Thanks to its considerable weight, when the Kraken dives,

00:06:29it creates a whirlpool behind it.

00:06:31Like a drain in a giant bathtub, this whirlpool sucks the ship down.

00:06:36The battle with the Kraken is lost.

00:06:39Well, that was unfortunate.

00:06:41You might be able to defeat the monster if you can anticipate its attack in advance.

00:06:45But the Kraken can see you and your ship before you can see it.

00:06:49Colossal squids live in deep waters, and they have the largest eyes among all animals.

00:06:55The squid's eye is the size of a dinner plate.

00:06:58Thanks to this, they can see their prey from far away.

00:07:01Similarly, a Kraken would spot the ship much sooner than Sonar could pick up the Kraken.

00:07:07It would always have the drop on you.

00:07:09Well, that's not good.

00:07:11Around the world, cargo transportation by ship is declining.

00:07:15Airlines provide the only safe connection between the continents.

00:07:19This will increase air pollution.

00:07:21The most successful enemy of the Kraken is submarines.

00:07:25They travel at great depths and are equipped with powerful echolocators

00:07:29to help detect the Kraken in advance.

00:07:32Subs are well-armed too, and the round metal body is not so easy to destroy.

00:07:37A single Kraken may be defeated by a submarine.

00:07:40But what if there are several sea monsters?

00:07:43Three Kraken can wrap their tentacles around the submarine

00:07:46and drag it deeper into the water where the pressure will destroy their enemy.

00:07:50In other words, they'll have a crush on you.

00:07:59The existence of the Kraken will have dramatically changed the development of many countries.

00:08:04What if Christopher Columbus, on his famous journey,

00:08:07noticed an island that he thought was the New World?

00:08:10He approaches it, but tentacles emerge from the island and sink Columbus' ship.

00:08:15The colonization of North America is delayed, maybe until airplanes are invented.

00:08:20And the first crewed flight wasn't until the 20th century.

00:08:24There would be no Hollywood.

00:08:26There would be no hamburgers, no famous American music playing.

00:08:30There wouldn't be YouTube, which means you wouldn't be watching this video right now.

00:08:35Worst of all, the Internet wouldn't exist either.

00:08:38And all this because of one stupid monster squid.

00:08:42The Vikings wouldn't sail on their long ships to raid and settle foreign territories.

00:08:47The history of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and other Nordic countries would have changed drastically.

00:08:52Hey, maybe the Titanic wouldn't have hit an iceberg, but a giant sea monster instead.

00:08:57Though, it's unlikely that people would take trips on huge ocean liners in a world where the Kraken exists.

00:09:04Maybe, though, the Kraken isn't all that aggressive.

00:09:07Still, they need a lot of food, and because of the growing population of these monsters,

00:09:11there will be much less food in the ocean.

00:09:14Therefore, the Kraken will increasingly come to the surface for hunting.

00:09:18In the future, the Kraken will migrate closer to the shore.

00:09:22In many countries, people then are not allowed to swim in the ocean.

00:09:26Imagine floating on the waves, and a monster the size of a skyscraper is swimming right below you.

00:09:32Relaxing at sea and on the beach will no longer be popular.

00:09:36Many countries that live off tourism become impoverished.

00:09:40When the Krakens grow hungrier, they try to capture prey from land.

00:09:44A huge squid could attack small port cities.

00:09:47Houses, docks, streets, everything can be crushed.

00:09:51A tremendous amount of plastic is thrown into the ocean near the coast of large countries.

00:09:56Billions of tons of plastic will bother the Kraken.

00:09:59An angry, hungry monster can attack bridges, like the Golden Gate Bridge.

00:10:04Imagine that a huge squid surrounds the bridge and blocks all traffic.

00:10:08Some of these squids could break the strong cables with their power, and the entire structure would collapse into the water.

00:10:15It's good that the Kraken doesn't really exist to swim in our seas and oceans.

00:10:20At least, as far as we know.

00:10:22But could the monster have actually existed?

00:10:25Legends stretch back years, but scientific evidence appeared in the middle of the 19th century.

00:10:31In 1857, a 3-inch diameter squid bee was discovered on the coast of Denmark.

00:10:37Other huge squid remains were found in the Bahamas, and then scientists were convinced that gigantic squids existed.

00:10:44While colossal squid has been officially discovered since then, it's been more than 100 years, and we still don't know what max size they can grow to.

00:10:53The fact is, colossal squids are one of the most elusive creatures on Earth.

00:10:58They live in the depths of the ocean, where it's challenging for scientists to reach.

00:11:02Any dive to a greater depth requires powerful, bulky equipment.

00:11:07Underwater bath escapes and cameras make a lot of noise and light, which squids notice from afar.

00:11:13They flee before we can see them.

00:11:17The legend of the Kraken probably appeared because of a real colossal squid.

00:11:22People in the past didn't know about these creatures' existence, so when they saw one for the first time, they described it as a massive, terrible monster.

00:11:31It's difficult to say if these huge squids were the size of a small island, because the truth is, we've only studied about 5% of the ocean.

00:11:39It may be that in its depths, monsters much more terrible than the Kraken swim.

00:11:45Like my nephew, Peter.

00:11:50You know SOS, don't you?

00:11:52Three dots, three dashes, and three more dots.

00:11:55It's an easy enough signal to tap out in Morse code.

00:11:58It means Save Our Souls or Save Our Ship.

00:12:02The crew of the legendary Titanic had been desperately trying to send this signal for two hours the night of April 14, 1912.

00:12:11There were other ships not too far from the spot where the iceberg took down the mighty titan of the sea.

00:12:17But the call for help seemingly disappeared before it could reach them.

00:12:21The passenger ship SS Mount Temple did pick up a signal and tried to respond, but the Titanic never got the answer.

00:12:29So what was silencing the ship's cries for help?

00:12:33Some unknown Bermuda Triangle of the North Atlantic?

00:12:37Consider this.

00:12:39Eyewitnesses say the sky was painted with a brilliant Aurora Borealis that cold, fateful night.

00:12:45Beautiful, yes.

00:12:47But on that day, the northern lights may have sealed Titanic's fate for good.

00:12:52You see, the Aurora Borealis forms thanks to geomagnetic storms.

00:12:57Sounds complicated, but those are basically fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic sphere.

00:13:02And what causes those is the Sun itself.

00:13:05The magnetic sphere is like a protective bubble that surrounds our planet.

00:13:09It blocks harmful solar rays, winds, and other cosmic dangers from reaching us.

00:13:14Without it, life on our planet wouldn't be possible.

00:13:17Earth would look more like Mars.

00:13:19You also have it to thank for compasses pointing north.

00:13:24Experts know the Earth's magnetosphere affects navigational equipment or disrupts it.

00:13:29Which brings us back to the Titanic.

00:13:32Recently, a published weather researcher named Mila Zinkova proposed a theory that solar flares,

00:13:39which provoked a geomagnetic storm, could have played a major role in the Titanic's untimely demise.

00:13:46Solar flares make themselves known on Earth all the time.

00:13:50Some people are especially sensitive to the magnetic storms they cause.

00:13:54These unlucky folks can feel weakness, fatigue, headaches, and even mood swings.

00:13:59On usual days, the pressure is the same on both sides.

00:14:03The magnetosphere blocks all the bad stuff, and we're all happy.

00:14:07But sometimes, explosions occur on the side.

00:14:10They can be massive, Earth-sized.

00:14:12These flares shoot out a wave of charged particles that collides with the magnetosphere at high speeds.

00:14:19The protective bubble then goes on the defense.

00:14:22It shrinks, deforms, and pushes those particles toward the poles.

00:14:26Enter those brilliant lights dancing above the Titanic that night.

00:14:30In the north, we know it as Aurora Borealis.

00:14:34In the south, Aurora Australis, or the Southern Lights.

00:14:38When the magnetosphere pushes those solar and cosmic particles toward the poles,

00:14:42they collide with molecules of different gases.

00:14:45That's why you get the range of colors.

00:14:48For example, oxygen can be green or red, depending on the distance,

00:14:52and nitrogen is blue or purple.

00:14:55What multiple people saw that night was exactly this phenomenon,

00:14:59including the second officer from the rescue ship Carpathia.

00:15:03He wrote it down in the logbook before getting the distress call from the Titanic.

00:15:07But I'm getting ahead of myself.

00:15:10Auroras are a visible sign of a geomagnetic storm.

00:15:13Now, about navigational equipment.

00:15:16This applies to satellite and radio frequency devices.

00:15:19Remember, they didn't have iPhones back in the Titanic days,

00:15:23so the average person couldn't notice their gadgets going haywire.

00:15:27But navigational devices and wireless telegraph did exist and were actively used.

00:15:33Rewind back to the Middle Ages, when sailors noticed that, on some days,

00:15:37compasses wigged out.

00:15:39The arrows spun in all directions, and people back then had no idea why.

00:15:44It wasn't until the 18th century when French scientists found out that

00:15:48such problematic days occur at the same time as black spots appearing on the sun.

00:15:54Solar flares. The mystery was solved.

00:15:57Now, the Titanic had the most advanced well-known radio equipment at that time.

00:16:02They tested it thoroughly to make sure it worked for distances up to 2,000 miles away.

00:16:08Titanics passed them all.

00:16:10On April 10, 1912, the massive liner left Southampton and set off for New York.

00:16:16The very next day, the crew started getting the first reports of drifting icebergs and ice fields.

00:16:23They put dots on the map to mark the coordinates and let out a sigh of relief.

00:16:28All the troublesome spots were north of the Titanic's planned route.

00:16:32But after a couple of days, the warnings were moving farther and farther south,

00:16:37encroaching on the majestic ship.

00:16:39On April 14, Captain Edward Smith decided to change course to the south

00:16:44in hopes of bypassing the ice.

00:16:46This ended up being a huge mistake.

00:16:49Enter the magnetic storm.

00:16:51If it was throwing the navigation equipment off, even by a tiny error of half a degree,

00:16:57the captain could've been mistakenly taking the ship right toward a cluster of icebergs.

00:17:03What's even worse, the radio operators ignored warnings coming from other ships.

00:17:08That, or they simply forgot to hand them over to the captain.

00:17:12As hired contractors from the radio company,

00:17:14they were more interested in transmitting paid telegrams from passengers on that luxurious liner.

00:17:20The radio transmitter kept going out of order that evening,

00:17:23probably because of all this private traffic.

00:17:26When it was finally fixed, operator Jack Phillips received another message

00:17:31from the SS Californian at 10.30 p.m.

00:17:34Their operator was trying to warn Phillips about the coordinates of drifting icebergs,

00:17:39but he paid them no attention.

00:17:41He was nervous and in a hurry.

00:17:44Was the magnetic storm to blame for his frayed nerves and bad mood?

00:17:48We can only speculate.

00:17:50But, as you know, some people are more sensitive to these things.

00:17:54The weather was fine, the ocean was calm, the water was smooth as glass.

00:17:59Despite all the warnings, the ship continued to sail at a maximum speed of over 22 knots.

00:18:05An hour later, Titanic collided with the infamous iceberg.

00:18:10On April 15th at 12.14 a.m., in the middle of the night,

00:18:14Titanic's operators started to transmit the first emergency signals.

00:18:19The SS Californian was sailing just 20 miles from the Titanic.

00:18:23They could've easily come to a quick rescue.

00:18:26But 10 minutes before the disaster, the Californian's radio operator had gone to bed.

00:18:32He was the only one who understood Morse code on the ship.

00:18:36According to this new theory, the magnetic anomalies possibly blocked Titanic's messages to other ships.

00:18:43For example, the steamer SS La Providence didn't receive any signals from the sinking ship at all.

00:18:49Yet they were still getting transmissions from another giant, the Olympic,

00:18:54which was 500 miles from the Titanic.

00:18:57That night, the signals were acting strange.

00:19:00They simply got lost somewhere in space, or they were like a jumbled riddle, impossible to solve.

00:19:06The SS Mount Temple did get a message and rushed to Titanic's aid.

00:19:11But as fate would have it, the rescue ship got stuck in ice.

00:19:15She did arrive at Titanic's last known coordinates, but the luxury liner was nowhere to be seen.

00:19:21So, were the coordinates accurate at all?

00:19:24The steamer Carpathia was about 60 miles away.

00:19:27At 12.30, their radio operator told the Titanic's crew they were rushing to help.

00:19:33The ship famous for coming to the aid, Carpathia, was going full steam ahead.

00:19:38But here's the odd part.

00:19:40At first, they headed to the wrong spot.

00:19:43The magnetic storm could've thrown its equipment off.

00:19:46Good news is the steamer did end up reaching the right place when they saw the lifeboats full of passengers.

00:19:52Interestingly, once she reached land, the Carpathia didn't have any problems with her equipment.

00:19:58The blackout happened just around the wreckage site.

00:20:01The following investigation blamed radio amateurs for blocking signals.

00:20:05We now might know otherwise.

00:20:08Zinkova explains that at that time, they didn't know exactly how and to what extent the Sun influences the Earth.

00:20:15No one could've guessed that the Sun could tamper with these massive ships' navigational equipment.

00:20:21Especially one that had the best of the best at the time.

00:20:25There's another theory that even the Moon could've played a role.

00:20:28Some researchers claim that in January 1912, our natural satellite was closer to the Earth than usual.

00:20:35It caused very strong tides and raised the sea level.

00:20:39Every year, icebergs break away from Greenland and stop around Newfoundland.

00:20:43But not that year.

00:20:45The increased water flow pushed them further for three months.

00:20:48And come April, they were right in the way of transatlantic ships.

00:20:53Unfortunately, it was a recipe for disaster when it came to the mighty Titanic.

00:20:59A beam of electric light pierces the darkness over the calm waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

00:21:07The Titanic is quietly making its way through the waves, its passengers asleep.

00:21:12When suddenly, a monstrous white shape is caught in the light beam.

00:21:16The fateful iceberg is about to rend the side of the legendary ship.

00:21:27April 14, 1912.

00:21:29Only two days before someone will take a photo of a giant iceberg with a pretty unusual elliptical shape.

00:21:37It turns out that this iceberg most likely formed out of snow that fell 100,000 years ago.

00:21:44Researchers used computer modeling to figure out its origin.

00:21:48They used data from 1912 and added some new information about winds and ocean currents.

00:21:53They concluded that the iceberg was probably a part of a small cluster of glaciers in southwest Greenland.

00:22:01These days, it's possible to calculate the roots of such icebergs in any given year in the past.

00:22:08So the infamous chunk of ice was on its way from Greenland to an area further south from Cornwall.

00:22:15If the ship had passed through that region only two days later,

00:22:19the iceberg would have moved far away from the point where they met.

00:22:23At first, the weight of the most well-known iceberg in the world was 75 million tons.

00:22:29With time, it started to slowly melt away.

00:22:32And when it sank the Titanic, its weight was only 1.5 million tons.

00:22:38By the time of the collision, it had probably been melting for months.

00:22:42But it was still a true monster.

00:22:45When the Titanic sank, the iceberg was 400 feet long, and more than 100 feet of its surface was above the water.

00:22:54Some people believe it was a supermoon that caused the Titanic to sink.

00:22:59That night, there was a rare lunar event.

00:23:02It hadn't happened for 1,400 years.

00:23:05In normal conditions, the iceberg wouldn't have traveled so far south without melting and losing the largest part of its mass.

00:23:13But the supermoon could have been the reason for an unusually high tide

00:23:18that pulled the iceberg away from the glacier way faster than usual.

00:23:24There's a specific type of bacteria that slowly consumes the remains of the Titanic.

00:23:30Salt corrosion, ocean currents, freezing temperatures, plus this rust-eating microorganism might consume the entire wreckage.

00:23:40American actress Dorothy Gibson was aboard the Titanic.

00:23:44She survived, and when she arrived in New York, she started filming a movie called Saved from the Titanic almost right away.

00:23:52The movie was released only a month after the Titanic sank.

00:23:56And in the movie, she even wore the same shoes and clothes she had during the actual disaster.

00:24:02The movie was a big success at that time, but the only known copy was destroyed in a fire.

00:24:09Fourteen years before the Titanic sank, a novella called Futility had been published, and it seemed to have predicted the whole event.

00:24:18The plot centered around a fictional ship called the Titan that sank during its voyage.

00:24:23The Titan was almost the same size as Titanic, and they both went to the bottom in April.

00:24:29The reason was hitting an iceberg, too.

00:24:32Both the real and fictional ships were described as unsinkable, and both of them had the legally required number of lifeboats, which, as it turned out later, were nowhere near enough.

00:24:45We've seen it in the movie, but there were some real-life love stories happening on the Titanic, too.

00:24:51Thirteen couples even took a trip on the Titanic as part of their honeymoon.

00:24:55One of the couples owned Macy's department store in New York.

00:24:59Once it became clear the Titanic was rapidly sinking, the woman refused to go into a lifeboat without her husband.

00:25:06But he didn't want to join her while there were still women and children who he thought had to go first.

00:25:12Then his wife gave her coat to her maid.

00:25:15She insisted that the maid should get into the lifeboat, and she wanted her to be warm.

00:25:20As for the woman herself, she decided to stay with her husband till the end.

00:25:26Some people believe Titanic sank because of a mummy, not an iceberg.

00:25:32It all started around 1000 BCE with a mysterious woman who lived in Egypt, in the city of Thebes.

00:25:40People knew little about her, but they called her a priestess.

00:25:44Her mummy was put in a wooden sarcophagus and covered with a large lid with the image of her face and some mystical inscriptions.

00:25:52This place had been hidden until the first half of the 19th century when a group of locals accidentally came across it.

00:25:59They disturbed her peace.

00:26:01No one knows how, but the mummy disappeared that day without a trace.

00:26:09A couple of decades later, a group of rich friends from England traveled to Egypt and found the empty mummy casket with the image of the priestess,

00:26:17whose dark eyes seemed to be looking into the void.

00:26:21They decided to buy it, but the buyer disappeared the same night before he even got the case.

00:26:27All members of the group had some accidents.

00:26:30The casket changed its location a couple of times until it, as some believe, ended up on the Titanic.

00:26:39It took more than 70 years for a robot submarine to find the ruins of this legendary ship.

00:26:45The wreck lies nearly 13,000 feet under the surface of the Atlantic Ocean, split into two halves.

00:26:52Why did the liner break apart?

00:26:54No one knows exactly.

00:26:56Some think it happened because of the water that got inside when the ship collided with the iceberg.

00:27:02The pressure was so powerful it separated two parts of the vessel, starting with the ship's bottom structure.

00:27:08Others say it was because of the hull rivets.

00:27:11They had a high concentration of slag or smelting residue, and that's something that can cause the metal to split apart.

00:27:18The ship generally had many flaws, starting with the design.

00:27:22The watertight bulkheads weren't completely sealed on top.

00:27:26This allowed the water to flow between the compartments and, in the end, sink the vessel.

00:27:31The iron of the ship's rivets and steel of the hull ended up ruined because of high sulfur content, cold temperatures, and high speeds.

00:27:40The steel shattered and the rivets popped out quite easily.

00:27:44Because of this, Titanic sank 24 times faster than it would have otherwise.

00:27:49If the ship had hit the iceberg head-on instead of ramming it with its side, it would have probably stayed afloat.

00:27:56How come the crew members didn't have binoculars?

00:27:59It would have surely helped them spot the iceberg on time and maybe even avoid the disaster.

00:28:06But the binoculars on the Titanic were locked in a storage cabinet.

00:28:10Only one crew member had the key, and he had been transferred off the ship right before it set sail.

00:28:17He later said he hadn't remembered to hand over the key.

00:28:21But even without the binoculars, the ship might have had some time to change course and avoid the collision if the crew had gotten some warning.

00:28:29But that's the thing. Someone did warn them.

00:28:33About an hour before the incident, a ship that was relatively close to Titanic, the SS Californian, sent a message to inform them it had stopped because of dense ice field.

00:28:44But the warning never got to the Titanic's captain.

00:28:48Some experts say it was because the radio operator didn't think it was that urgent.

00:28:53And later, the SS Californian said they didn't get a call for help from the Titanic because their radio operator was off-duty.

00:29:02Some say the crew on the Titanic couldn't spot the iceberg on time because of an optical illusion.

00:29:09Atmospheric conditions that night probably caused super refraction, which could have camouflaged the berg.

00:29:15After all, no one actually saw the iceberg until it was too close to the ship to somehow avoid the crash.

00:29:22Not even a whole minute passed between the moment they saw the iceberg and the collision.

00:29:28It was only 37 seconds, and it took Titanic 2 hours and 40 minutes to disappear below the ocean's waves.

00:29:43April 12th, in the year 2212.

00:29:46It's a great date for humanity, the 300th anniversary of the launch of the legendary Titanic.

00:29:53The best engineers of the world have collaborated for years to bring their masterpiece to the public.

00:29:59The Space Tanik. And they've done it just in time.

00:30:03The glorious spaceship is waiting in its harbor under the limelight, photographed by thousands of people.

00:30:09The trip was scheduled for April 12th, just like 300 years ago.

00:30:14Finally, the big day has come.

00:30:17The passengers are going on board the most magnificent spaceship of the time.

00:30:21They call it unbreachable.

00:30:23It has 12 decks, from the 3rd class closer to the bottom, to the most luxurious 1st class on the top, with panoramic views of outer space.

00:30:35The ship is preparing for launch.

00:30:37The engines are starting, the final countdown has begun, and the Space Tanik is off into the sky.

00:30:44It quickly becomes no more than a speck in the big blue, and then disappears.

00:30:52The first day of the flight goes perfectly.

00:30:55The ship leaves the Earth's atmosphere in less than an hour, and passengers enjoy the wonderful view outside.

00:31:02The blue and green planet on the backdrop of the black void of space.

00:31:07The ship slows down a bit as it moves into orbit.

00:31:11There are too many satellites and space debris circling around the Earth.

00:31:15The Space Tanik has to go carefully and maneuver around the chunks of metal floating in zero-g.

00:31:22One of them heads straight towards the ship, but it turns on the side burners and moves out of the way just in time.

00:31:29The scrap floats by safely.

00:31:31Finally, the ship is out of the danger zone and into the big black.

00:31:37It turns on the back thrusters to accelerate and heads to the bright side of the Moon.

00:31:42It's going to be the first destination of the sightseeing tour.

00:31:46The planet becomes gradually smaller behind, and about halfway to the natural satellite, people on board can marvel at the sight of the Sun.

00:31:55The huge ball of burning plasma is bigger and brighter than ever in the cosmic darkness.

00:32:02Suddenly, the ship's captain makes an announcement.

00:32:05All passengers are invited to the promenade decks to watch as the solar panels are being unfolded.

00:32:13People go outside to goggle at the sight.

00:32:16The silver and black panels slowly emerge from their containment slots, and the Space Tanik finally takes its real form.

00:32:25As the Sun's energy begins to flow into the ship, the thrust engines turn to minimum.

00:32:31The spaceship is now in energy-collecting mode.

00:32:34For the trip to Mars to take just a few days, it needs to make a transit jump.

00:32:40In another 5 hours, another announcement rings across the board.

00:32:44The ship is approaching the Moon, and the passengers are invited to look at the satellite from up close.

00:32:50The Space Tanik passes by at several thousand miles, and the Moon looks huge.

00:32:56All the craters on the satellite, even the smallest ones, are clearly visible.

00:33:01The view is outstanding.

00:33:03The Moon is left behind, and lights on the ship go dim.

00:33:07There's no natural change of day and night in space, so the crew monitors the time and imitates the shift.

00:33:16The next day promises nothing of interest as there's going to be a long traverse between the Moon and Mars.

00:33:22The passengers are wandering off to their cabins to sleep.

00:33:27The next two days go uneventful.

00:33:30On the decks, there are numerous types of entertainment for guests.

00:33:35From gyms and swimming pools to game rooms and dancing halls.

00:33:39People wander around the promenade decks, enjoying the serene views of space.

00:33:44Nothing bodes trouble.

00:33:47On the fourth day, the captain finally announces that the Space Tanik is preparing for the transit jump in 30 minutes.

00:33:55When the time comes, the passengers only feel a slight tug as the huge vessel leaps through space-time, entering the vicinity of Mars.

00:34:08Many passengers go outside to look at the Red Planet, which is already visible in the dark abyss.

00:34:14The tour is entering its final stage, but the landing is only planned for late night.

00:34:21At 11 p.m., when most passengers were already in their beds, the Space Tanik begins the final maneuvers.

00:34:28It has to make a little roundabout trip over Mars because the port is on the other side of the planet.

00:34:35The flight is nearing its end, only a couple of hours left before landing.

00:34:40The ship is in the orbit on the far side of Mars.

00:34:43Everything's quiet. Too quiet.

00:34:48All of a sudden, an enormous boom thrashes the whole Space Tanik, throwing sleeping people out of their beds.

00:34:55Blinking emergency lights turn on. Everyone's confused, but no announcement comes from the captain.

00:35:01And only those who have been on the starboard side promenade deck notice the horrible detail.

00:35:07The right front wing has been torn off and is zooming past them towards the stern.

00:35:13Pressing their faces to the glass, straining to look at the hull, they see a huge gash near the nose of the ship.

00:35:20The Space Tanik shudders again, and chunks of metal fly out of the gaping hole.

00:35:25The ship rapidly loses pressurization.

00:35:28Meanwhile, the broken-off wing hit the stern and left another gash in it.

00:35:33Mechanisms in the engine compartment start to fall apart and are dragged into space.

00:35:38The ship groans and comes to a halt, suspended thousands of miles above Mars.

00:35:44At last, the captain announces through the intercom that the Space Tanik has unexpectedly collided with a rogue asteroid.

00:35:52All passengers are asked to proceed to their respective decks for evacuation.

00:35:57Within an hour, all rescue capsules are occupied and ready to be deployed.

00:36:02But about a third of the passengers are still on board the ship.

00:36:06It turns out many of the capsules were blown away at the collision.

00:36:10History seems to repeat itself.

00:36:13The captain still orders to deploy the capsules, and they whoosh out of containment tanks, leaving hundreds of people behind.

00:36:20Some left without their family members, not knowing what fate awaits them.

00:36:26The capsules float in space for a few seconds and then turn on their thrust engines, heading to the Martian surface.

00:36:34Another order from the captain.

00:36:36Everyone is to go down to their cabins and put on pressurized suits stored under their beds.

00:36:42As the passengers rush to comply, the Space Tanik sends distress signals to Mars and everyone in the vicinity.

00:36:49A hundred thousand miles away, a large trade ship, Leona, picks up the signal and hurries to help.

00:36:56The creaks and groans on board the Space Tanik become more and more frantic.

00:37:01People are sitting silently in their cabins.

00:37:04It's quiet on board, except for the sounds of the slowly disintegrating ship.

00:37:09And then, suddenly, a loud snap resonates throughout the Space Tanik, and the vessel cracks in two.

00:37:17A gigantic fracture goes from top to bottom, almost perfectly halfway across the decks.

00:37:23Pressurized glass covering the promenade decks shatter into millions of pieces, slowly flying away from the ship.

00:37:30With the decks depressurized, people and things are blown away into outer space.

00:37:36Thankfully, all of the passengers and crew are wearing their suits as ordered.

00:37:41But they only have about an hour before they run out of oxygen.

00:37:45People help each other by floating together and hauling stranded ones to their groups.

00:37:51They can barely control their floating, but somehow they still manage to bring some order to the chaos.

00:37:57Huddled together in orbit above the ominously red planet,

00:38:01they watch as the mighty Space Tanik turns into a heaping pile of space debris.

00:38:0745 minutes have passed.

00:38:09The oxygen is running low, and people try to breathe as slowly and carefully as they can.

00:38:15There's still no help in sight, and they're preparing for the worst.

00:38:19But then, one of them starts waving and pointing somewhere.

00:38:24It's a bright spot, hardly different from the stars in far space.

00:38:28But it's getting closer by the second.

00:38:31And within 5 minutes, the relieved people see a spaceship speeding towards them.

00:38:36The Leonas arrive just in time to save the day.

00:38:40Quickly, but without hurry,

00:38:42Leonas' crew gather everyone floating in space around the remains of the Space Tanik

00:38:47and haul them on board their ship.

00:38:50In a few hours, the Leona safely lands at Mars' main spaceport.

00:38:55The newspapers called it the day when the Titanic sank again.

00:39:01It was just a couple of hours before midnight.

00:39:04Some of the 2,200 passengers of a large, luxurious ocean liner

00:39:08were still partying in the beautiful first-class lounges.

00:39:12The rest were asleep in their beds.

00:39:14Some of them in spacious cabins filled with paintings and decorated with ornate carvings.

00:39:19Others in tiny rooms below sea level.

00:39:22All of these people had only one thing in common.

00:39:25On that chilly April night, all of them were heading from Southampton in England to New York City.

00:39:31The ship was called the Titanic, and at that time, it was considered unsinkable.

00:39:36At the very beginning of the journey, the liner nearly collided with the steamship New York.

00:39:41Luckily, the Titanic managed to pass by the other vessel with several feet to spare.

00:39:46A common sigh of relief escaped the passengers crowding the liner's decks.

00:39:51Little did they know what was awaiting them in the near future.

00:39:55Several days later, when the ship was already in the North Atlantic Ocean,

00:39:59370 miles away from Newfoundland, the unthinkable happened.

00:40:04At about 11.40 p.m. on April 14, those who were still awake were knocked over by some mysterious and powerful force.

00:40:13Passengers who were already in their beds got catapulted to the floor.

00:40:18Screams and total confusion.

00:40:20Months before the disaster struck, a ginormous chunk of ice had broken away from a glacier in southwest Greenland.

00:40:28It was made of the snow that had fallen about 100,000 years ago, when mammoths were still roaming the planet.

00:40:35When the iceberg just started its journey, it was a huge thing.

00:40:39Almost 1,700 feet long, it also weighed 75 million tons.

00:40:45But then it floated much further to the south than normal, right into the area the Titanic had to cross on its way to North America.

00:40:54Even after melting into the water for months, the iceberg still weighed an impressive 1.5 million tons.

00:41:01Its top part was towering over the water for almost 100 feet.

00:41:05Even so, it looked harmless next to the massive ocean liner, but only at first glance.

00:41:11What people saw was just a tiny part of a jumbo piece of ice.

00:41:15The largest part of any iceberg is hidden under the surface, with a mere one-tenth visible above the water.

00:41:22The Titanic iceberg wasn't an exception.

00:41:25The moment the ship collided with it, the vessel was doomed.

00:41:29Unable to divert its course, it crashed into the ice, rupturing at least five of its hull compartments.

00:41:35They immediately started to fill with water, which then flooded each succeeding compartment.

00:41:40The front of the ship started to sink.

00:41:43This raised the back part almost vertically into the air.

00:41:46And then, with a deafening roar, the liner broke in half.

00:41:50The rest is history.

00:41:52But what if what we know about the disaster is not true?

00:41:56What if the ship hadn't been wrecked by an iceberg?

00:41:59What if it had been something more treacherous and way more alive that sank the Titanic?

00:42:05Far, far beneath the surface, in the ocean's dim, dark depths, a shadow lurks.

00:42:12Imagine an enormous creature, round, flat, and full of arms, or rather, powerful tentacles.

00:42:19It resembles a giant squid or octopus, but much, much bigger.

00:42:24Its descriptions go from as long as ten ships to a mile and a half long.

00:42:30Rumor has it unlucky sailors sometimes mistake the sea monster for an island.

00:42:35But instead of stepping on dry land, they're dragged down into the ocean.

00:42:39These people meet the Kraken, a legendary creature feared by everyone who sets off on a sea voyage.

00:42:46Usually, the Kraken haunts the seas off the coasts of Norway through Iceland and all the way to Greenland.

00:42:52Who knows what has brought the beast further away from home?

00:42:56The waters of the North Atlantic are just as chilly, and the creature feels good and curious.

00:43:02Once it notices the Titanic, the ship has no chances to escape its attention.

00:43:08It's dark. That's why those on the ocean liner don't notice the first alarm bells.

00:43:13The water around the ship starts to bubble.

00:43:16If you strain your ears, you can hear bizarre gurgling sounds.

00:43:20If you strain your eyes, you can see thousands of fish and jellyfish rising to the surface.

00:43:26They feel something's up down below.

00:43:29But even if someone on the Titanic noticed this hectic activity,

00:43:33they wouldn't have time to get out of the way of the horrifying beast.

00:43:38Its enormous size and super long and strong tentacles turn it into a predator you can't escape.

00:43:45A nine-year-old boy standing on the deck knows nothing about the sea monster.

00:43:49He's just watching countless small islands rising out of the sea very, very slowly.

00:43:55The kid doesn't understand why, but all the blood in his body suddenly runs cold.

00:44:01Hundreds of tiny fish are leaping about in the pools between these sandbanks.

00:44:06But soon they roll off into the water over the sides of the ginormous something.

00:44:12Several sharp points appear above the surface.

00:44:15The intrigued boy thinks they look like horns.

00:44:18They keep growing thicker and thicker the higher they rise.

00:44:22Soon they're towering over the massive Titanic, dwarfing the ship.

00:44:26These horns are the Kraken's dreaded arms.

00:44:29The boy is paralyzed by fear, but then he spots the monster's eye.

00:44:35It's as big as an elephant.

00:44:37It makes the kid come to his senses and dash away, screaming like there's no tomorrow.

00:44:42The boy's shouting attracts people.

00:44:44They gather along the ship's side, trying to spot what scared the child so much.

00:44:49And then they see.

00:44:51First one, then more and more passengers and crew members lean over the railing to get a better look.

00:44:57They aren't being careless, they're just in shock.

00:45:00Indeed, it's hard to believe your eyes when they tell you a dreaded beast is about to attack the ship you're on.

00:45:06Plus, it's dark, and no one can see clearly what that huge shadow is.

00:45:11But the next several minutes prove it's not a mirage.

00:45:15All of a sudden, the creature rises, one of its monstrous arms, and stretches it toward the vessel.

00:45:21It might very well be longer than the liner's entire hull.

00:45:25Women start screaming and fainting.

00:45:28Men seem to be just as terrified.

00:45:30Those who have managed to keep their heads clear sweep up kids and run for shelter.

00:45:35That's when the first powerful hit shakes the vessel.

00:45:38The Kraken's had enough waiting.

00:45:40It's ready for action.

00:45:42Panic engulfs people on board the Titanic.

00:45:45Running around aimlessly and screaming, they create chaos that makes the beast even more interested.

00:45:52Normally, the monster just wants to be left alone.

00:45:55It rests deep down on the ocean floor, using its long tentacles to tether itself to the bottom and lazily hunt for food.

00:46:03It only rises to the surface when the weather's unusually warm, or when it gets disturbed.

00:46:09The Titanic is probably too massive and loud.

00:46:12It draws the creature out of its slumber.

00:46:15When the beast gets to the surface and sees a large, glistening boat, wow, the thing mesmerizes the creature.

00:46:23It pulls out one of its tentacles to touch the unusual construction.

00:46:27The material is hard, and the beast wonders if the thing will break when squeezed.

00:46:32Without wasting much time, it wraps several arms around the ship and tries to squish it.

00:46:38Tiny creatures fussing around, falling overboard, and making annoying high-pitched noises start to irritate the Kraken.

00:46:45It's getting angry.

00:46:47Easing its grip, the monster circles the Titanic several times, getting ready for the next attempt.

00:46:53This time, the strike is much stronger.

00:46:56It bends the metal and makes it brittle.

00:46:59One more movement of a deaf tentacle, and the ship starts to fill with water.

00:47:03The Kraken retreats, as if to enjoy the results of its efforts.

00:47:07But then, it notices the ship trying to speed up in futile attempts to put some distance between itself and the monster.

00:47:15People on board the Titanic heave a sigh of relief.

00:47:18The beast is nowhere in sight.

00:47:20Little do they know that the Kraken never lets its toys get away.

00:47:25The ship is beginning to slow down.

00:47:27Its rear part is slowly lifting up, and the front is going down underwater.

00:47:32Passengers and crew members are falling over onto the decks.

00:47:36Most of them are too scared to make a sound.

00:47:39That's why everything's happening in almost complete eerie silence.

00:47:44Until the ship breaks into two parts under its own weight.

00:47:47The crash is so powerful that it scares away even the Kraken.

00:47:51Spooked, the beast dives back into the ocean, which creates a massive boiling whirlpool in that spot.

00:47:58The suction is dragging what's left of the Titanic to the depths of the ocean.

00:48:03The most tragic thing here, though, the Kraken isn't even interested in people on board the ship.

00:48:09This creature is content to munch on fish.

00:48:12It doesn't need bigger prey.

00:48:14It's the animal's curiosity that's now pulling the huge ship down to the bottom.

00:48:19Does the majestic liner have any hope?

00:48:22I think you know the answer.

00:48:25You sit up on the bed, put your feet down on the floor, and feel the cold water.

00:48:30You quickly run out of the cabin and find yourself in a long corridor.

00:48:34The water is knee deep.

00:48:36People are putting on life jackets, running toward the stairs.

00:48:39You run after them and find yourself in chaos.

00:48:42Water is everywhere.

00:48:44A woman slips on the stairs and falls.

00:48:46You help her up.

00:48:48People from all sides are pushing you.

00:48:50Everyone is trying to climb the stairs.

00:48:52There's more water behind you.

00:48:54The cabin you've just left is completely flooded.

00:48:57A few more seconds and the water level will rise above your head.

00:49:01Fortunately, everyone manages to get out.

00:49:04The upper deck is breaking.

00:49:06The huge ship is tilted to the side.

00:49:08The sound of breaking wood, the grinding of iron, and the shouts of people

00:49:13mix with the music played on violins by several musicians.

00:49:17You head for the lifeboats and feel like you're climbing a mountain.

00:49:21There are no lifeboats available, but you find a life jacket.

00:49:24The entire bow of the ship has sunk under the water.

00:49:27You're at the very edge of the stern and decide to jump.

00:49:31You wait for the ship to sink deeper into the water

00:49:34so the distance between you and the ocean surface is reduced.

00:49:37You finally jump and find yourself in the icy water.

00:49:41It's 28 degrees Fahrenheit, not enough to freeze the ocean,

00:49:45but sufficient to turn a puddle on the road into ice.

00:49:49You're having a hard time breathing because of the cold.

00:49:52You watch as one of the most majestic, unsinkable ships in history sinks.

00:49:57In one and a half hours, another liner will arrive and rescue all the survivors.

00:50:02But before that, you have to handle this situation somehow.

00:50:0690 minutes to survive the night in the icy waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

00:50:11Among chaos, screams, and despair.

00:50:14Only one thing can be even worse.

00:50:17Sharks.

00:50:18Everyone knows the story of the Titanic.

00:50:20What if the survivors noticed shark fins among the wreckage?

00:50:24Theoretically, it could have happened.

00:50:27Scenario 1.

00:50:28The sounds of the crash and the vibrations in the water could attract great white sharks.

00:50:34They swim in the cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean, where the disaster occurred.

00:50:39They are some of the most dangerous predators on the planet.

00:50:43They're big, fast, strong, and their 300 serrated teeth are sharp as a blade, lined in several rows.

00:50:51And now, you see a few triangular fins sticking out of the water.

00:50:55They quickly circle you and the other people.

00:50:57You grab a floating wooden piece left from the ship to climb on it.

00:51:01The cold temperature shackles your movements and your hands slip.

00:51:05These sounds attract the sharks.

00:51:08One of the predators stops swimming around and is now heading straight for you.

00:51:13Fear makes your brain shut down and your instincts start working.

00:51:17You try your best to swim away from the shark as fast as possible.

00:51:21Of course, it's useless to run from a fast shark in the water, but you're still trying.

00:51:26Two seconds pass and you feel your heel hitting the shark's nose.

00:51:30The other foot goes into its toothy mouth.

00:51:33You scream, feel the sharp teeth on your leg, and shut your eyes, but nothing happens.

00:51:39After a second, the shark lets you go.

00:51:42Great whites rarely attack humans.

00:51:44If they bite, it's just because they want to test you.

00:51:47The thing is, the shark's favorite food is seal.

00:51:50After a light testing bite, the shark understands that you're not a seal.

00:51:55It simply loses interest in you.

00:51:57But if the shark is hungry, then it won't care what kind of animal you are.

00:52:01Those survivors who are safe in the boat have no reason to fear.

00:52:05The great white won't attack them.

00:52:07The predator can push the boat a little, but only to test it.

00:52:10If there's a fridge with steaks on board and someone decides to feed them to the sharks,

00:52:15then problems will begin.

00:52:17Several predators will push the boat until the steaks fall in the water.

00:52:22The shark is swimming away from you.

00:52:24Then, one of the lifeboats picks you up.

00:52:27You're safe.

00:52:28Soon, another liner will arrive, and you'll find yourself in a warm and cozy place.

00:52:36If the water was warmer, Titanic survivors could encounter bull sharks.

00:52:41You jump into the water from the sinking ship.

00:52:43The water's not so cold.

00:52:45You can easily swim to the nearest floating door.

00:52:47But you notice a tall triangular fin with a dark tip on the top.

00:52:51Unlike the great whites, these sharks aren't fast.

00:52:54They seem lazy and slow, as if they aren't interested in you.

00:52:57But you still need to climb the door as quickly as possible.

00:53:01Bull sharks are some of the most aggressive in the world.

00:53:04They deliberately create the illusion of slowness so their prey relaxes.

00:53:09At the right moment, they become agile and fast.

00:53:12They're called that because of their short, flattened faces, like bulls have.

00:53:16And their bodies are strong.

00:53:19These predators like to ram their prey, or other sharks, with their heads.

00:53:23As soon as you climb the door, the bull shark crashes into it, and you fall into the water.

00:53:28Fortunately, there's a lifeboat nearby.

00:53:31People get you on board.

00:53:33Several sharks slam into the boat from all sides.

00:53:36It gets scary.

00:53:37But with your combined efforts, you keep the boat afloat.

00:53:40Soon, another liner arrives and scares off the predators using its loud signal and the roar of the engine.

00:53:47That unpleasant scenario is, luckily, impossible.

00:53:51Bull sharks swim only in the warm waters of the ocean.

00:53:54But most often, they can be found in fresh springs, river estuaries, and shallow water.

00:54:00That's why they're so often seen by people near beaches.

00:54:03Always read about the place where you're going to swim before diving in the water.

00:54:08The third and most likely scenario.

00:54:10You jump into the water, it's icy again, and you're having a hard time moving because of the cold.

00:54:16Your life jacket keeps you on the surface perfectly.

00:54:19The lights of the sinking Titanic light up the water a little.

00:54:22And in the black, infinite depth, you notice what looks like a large block of stone.

00:54:27An ancient fish, the most majestic shark in the world, is swimming near you.

00:54:32It's a Greenland shark.

00:54:34They swim even in the Arctic waters, so they're not afraid of the cold temperatures of the North Atlantic.

00:54:40This huge predator is bigger than a car.

00:54:43Each year, its length increases by 0.3 inches.

00:54:47You're lucky to see it, as it's one of the rarest sharks in the world.

00:54:51Fortunately, it has a docile nature and will not attack you.

00:54:56The entire kitchen of the Titanic may be floating in the water and attracting these sharks.

00:55:01They're slow, peaceful, and old.

00:55:04The age of the Greenland shark can reach 400 years.

00:55:08This shark is considered adult 150 years after birth.

00:55:13The one you're currently looking at in 1912 may have witnessed the golden age of pirates,

00:55:18with sabers, parrots, and eye patches.

00:55:21And it's quite possible that the same shark that saw the Titanic disaster is still alive in 2021

00:55:28and slowly wandering the cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

00:55:32In all these scenarios, you manage to escape.

00:55:35But if a shark attacks you in the water and there's no boat nearby,

00:55:39then you still have a chance to survive anyway.

00:55:42The main thing is not to panic.

00:55:45Don't splash or make sudden movements so as not to excite the shark.

00:55:49You're wearing a life jacket, so you don't have to move to stay afloat.

00:55:53Do not swim away from the shark.

00:55:55Otherwise, it'll think that you're its prey.

00:55:58The shark will be swimming around you, so don't lose sight of it.

00:56:01You can slowly swim away to a boat or wooden boards, anything that you can climb.

00:56:06If you're near the shore, then slowly swim towards it until you reach shallow water.

00:56:11After that, you need to quickly run away.

00:56:14But be careful. The shark can even get you out there.

00:56:17So keep your eyes on it at all times.

00:56:20If the shark still attacks you, then you will have to fight for your life.

00:56:25Weak points of the shark are its eyes and gills.

00:56:28Aim for them with your fists and feet.

00:56:32When the Titanic began its fateful voyage, it weighed about 52,000 tons.

00:56:38Now, how did they even get it into the water in the first place?

00:56:42Step 1. Find tons of soap and natural fat.

00:56:46Step 2. Dump it all over the ramp in front of the Titanic like a monster slip and slide.

00:56:52They even put grease all over the outside of the ship

00:56:55to make sure it didn't get scratched, dented, or even rip open.

00:56:59Just like that, the Titanic plopped softly into the water,

00:57:03and the workers and owners breathed a sigh of relief.

00:57:06At least that part went well.

00:57:08When they built the Aswan Dam in Egypt,

00:57:11they needed to clear out a huge area for the new artificial lake.

00:57:15Almost 100,000 people had to move out of their homes.

00:57:18That was the easy part.

00:57:20Engineers now had to try to move two huge ancient Egyptian temples,

00:57:25or they'd be lost underwater forever.

00:57:28The answer? Thousands of engineers and builders.

00:57:31The temples were built into a mountain,

00:57:34so first they had to detach it using bulldozers and jackhammers.

00:57:38Then they had to take it all apart like a humongous Lego project.

00:57:43Statues, roofs, walls, sculptures. Pretty sweet Lego set.

00:57:48Then they cut the temples into bite-sized bits, over a thousand of them.

00:57:53Each one weighed the same as three elephants.

00:57:56So where did they put it all back together?

00:57:59On the same mountain, just 200 feet higher.

00:58:02It took 5 years and about $300 million in today's money.

00:58:07I think even the pharaohs would've been impressed.

00:58:10Say you're thirsty, so you grab a glass of water.

00:58:13But where does that water come from?

00:58:16In Saudi Arabia, it comes from salt water.

00:58:19You just need to get the salt out, no biggie.

00:58:22That calls for an evaporator.

00:58:24Saudi Arabia's machine brings fresh water to 300,000 people.

00:58:29Not bad for so much desert.

00:58:31The evaporator weighs 5,000 tons, and it's pretty big.

00:58:35Like 10 basketball courts big.

00:58:37They hired a special ship to bring it from Vietnam to Saudi Arabia.

00:58:42But even that was too small.

00:58:44After making the ship a little bigger, and making a successful cross-continent journey,

00:58:49the evaporator finally touched down in the Middle East.

00:58:52Then it was easy.

00:58:53Just grab 30 tractor-trailers and pull.

00:58:57Pretty impressive, but the largest thing ever moved on Earth is way bigger.

00:59:02Enter the Norwegian Trolley gas production platform.

00:59:06It weighs more than a Titanic, and is way taller than the Empire State Building.

00:59:11But the engineers weren't scared, even though they had to drag the thing 120 miles from shore.

00:59:17They hooked up 10 powerful boats and pulled it along for a week.

00:59:21That thing cost $1 billion to make, so they had to be careful.

00:59:26The boats were actually pulling it in all directions to keep it steady,

00:59:30then slowly making their way out to sea.

00:59:33Once it got there, its four powerful legs were secured with concrete,

00:59:37about as much as you'd use to build 200,000 houses.

00:59:40That part of the sea can be quite rough, so they had to make sure it wouldn't move at all.

00:59:46Natural gas can set on fire even in the middle of the sea.

00:59:50You gotta move out of town, but you're used to your house, your big kitchen, cozy fireplace.

00:59:55No problem! Take your home with you!

00:59:58About 500 years ago, an Italian architect was constructing the local city's administration building,

01:00:05but the local church bell tower was getting in the way.

01:00:08The solution? Pick up the tower and move it!

01:00:11The architect built a wooden frame around the tower and shifted it using ropes, blocks, and a lot of people power.

01:00:19Since then, a lot of buildings have been moved around, but what happened in China changed everything.

01:00:26In 2004, engineers shifted the Fugang building about 120 feet.

01:00:31It was the heaviest building ever moved, but it only took 11 days.

01:00:36They worked day and night to get it done so fast.

01:00:3910,000 years ago, a meteorite fell on Greenland.

01:00:43It was the only source of iron for the local people,

01:00:46who started breaking pieces off to make knives, harpoons, arrowheads, and even jewelry.

01:00:52Talk about good luck!

01:00:54Over time, the locals split the meteorite, named Cape York, into a bunch of pieces.

01:00:59Arctic explorer Robert Perry wanted to bring the biggest piece back to the US.

01:01:05So, how do you move 30 tons of space rock without trucks or paved roads?

01:01:10Plus, it's 1897, and freezing cold!

01:01:14It took 3 years, but he did it!

01:01:17He ended up building a railway with a special platform to pull it to the nearest shore.

01:01:23It was the first and last railway in Greenland.

01:01:26Perry sold the meteorite for $40,000.

01:01:29Today, that would be about a million.

01:01:32In 2012, artist Michael Heiser erected a 340-ton boulder over the entrance to the L.A. County Museum of Art.

01:01:41It was called Levitating Mass.

01:01:44Installing it was easy.

01:01:46Getting it there, not so much.

01:01:48They had to use a 290-foot trailer and 6 different trucks.

01:01:52They only drove at night 100 miles through 22 cities.

01:01:56The most insane part, it ended up costing $10 million.

01:02:02The Swedish ship Vasa, built about 400 years ago, was almost a celebrity.

01:02:08People were amazed by its size, beautiful decoration, and gold sculptures.

01:02:13First time out to sea, it sank.

01:02:15Why? A gust of wind. Oops.

01:02:18Anyway, about 80 years ago, they decided to pull it out.

01:02:22One plan was to fill it with ping-pong balls and freeze it in a block of ice.

01:02:27But instead, they just tied some ropes around it and used 18 lifts to drag it along the seabed to a shallow area.

01:02:34From there, it was pretty easy to lift it out.

01:02:37It was mostly made of wood, not much metal.

01:02:40The ship survived quite well because of the cold seawater, and even floated by itself.

01:02:46The shuttle Endeavour flew 25 missions into space.

01:02:50And in 2012, NASA decided it deserved a break.

01:02:55Its retirement home would be the California Science Center.

01:02:59The massive shuttle was loaded onto trailers and driven through LA at the amazing speed of 2 mph.

01:03:07It was the first and probably last time that a spaceship would drive through a big city.

01:03:12They had to clear a pretty big path, and ended up chopping down a lot of pesky things,

01:03:17like lampposts, traffic lights, power lines, even over 400 trees.

01:03:22But don't worry, they raised a lot of money from the whole thing, enough to plant over 800 new trees.

01:03:29The Statue of Liberty wasn't built in the USA.

01:03:32It was built in France.

01:03:34After 9 years of hard work and a serious amount of copper and iron,

01:03:38she was ready to be given to the United States as a token of friendship.

01:03:43Sending it by mail would take way too much bubble wrap, so they decided to ship it instead.

01:03:49The statue was cut into 350 pieces, loaded into crates, and shipped over to New York.

01:03:55It took them 4 months to assemble all the pieces back together.

01:03:59Talk about Humpty Dumpty!

01:04:01Meet Bagger 288, a self-propelled excavator and the largest land transport on the planet.

01:04:08This beast can shift thousands of cars worth of dirt a day.

01:04:12It finished work in one quarry and had to move on to another.

01:04:16Tearing it apart, shipping it, and putting it back together would've been ridiculous.

01:04:20So, it just drove over there.

01:04:23It took 3 weeks and only moved at half a mile per hour.

01:04:27To stop it from wrecking everything it drove over,

01:04:30engineers walked ahead, planting grass and covering roads with gravel and dirt.

01:04:35Now, you're walking down the street in France,

01:04:38see a couple of cafes, maybe a nice bakery,

01:04:41and the world's largest gas turbine, named Harriet.

01:04:45Harriet's job? Keep the lights on in over 700,000 French homes.

01:04:50This mammoth turbine weighs as much as 2 jumbo jets

01:04:54and had to travel through France, Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands.

01:04:59Hey, let's go Dutch!

01:05:02The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt is made up of more than 2 million huge blocks of stone.

01:05:09No trailers, no tractors, just some good old-fashioned muscle power.

01:05:14Each block weighs more than 2.5 tons, that's like 30 of me.

01:05:18These guys didn't even have strong metals like iron or steel.

01:05:22They mostly used pieces of wood and stone hammers.

01:05:27It was the very beginning of the year 1912.

01:05:31A giant chunk of ice broke off a glacier in southwest Greenland.

01:05:35The ice was made up of the snow that had fallen about 100,000 years before the event.

01:05:41That was the time when mammoths were still roaming the planet.

01:05:45The iceberg started its journey.

01:05:47It was a huge thing, more than 1,700 feet long.

01:05:51It weighed around 75 million tons.

01:05:54It was also a very peaceful chunk of ice.

01:05:57It steered clear of ships and busy transport routes,

01:06:00not that there were many in the place where the iceberg was born.

01:06:04And then, it somehow floated much further to the south than other bergs did.

01:06:09Our iceberg was lucky.

01:06:11Others melt long before they get to these latitudes.

01:06:14Out of 15,000 to 30,000 icebergs that drift away from Greenland's glaciers,

01:06:20only 1% ever makes it all the way to the Atlantic.

01:06:24That's why it's so amazing that in April,

01:06:27our iceberg, the Traveler, was already more than 5,000 miles away from the Arctic Circle.

01:06:33Even after melting into the water for months,

01:06:36this block of ice still weighed an impressive 1.5 million tons.

01:06:41It's almost twice as much as the Golden Gate Bridge.

01:06:44The iceberg's top part was towering over the surface of the ocean for more than 100 feet.

01:06:50And still, if you noticed it floating next to your ocean liner,

01:06:54it would've looked harmless, but only at first glance.

01:06:58Like only a tiny part of a jumbo piece of ice.

01:07:01The largest part of any iceberg is always hidden under the surface.

01:07:05A mere one-tenth is normally visible above the water.

01:07:09And the berg we're talking about wasn't an exception.

01:07:13Several days before our iceberg made it to the Atlantic Ocean,

01:07:17a magnificent ship left port.

01:07:19It was a luxurious steamship carrying more than 3,000 passengers and crew members.

01:07:25At that time, it was the largest ship ever built.

01:07:29The liner was called the Titanic.

01:07:32It was considered unsinkable.

01:07:34At the very beginning of its journey, it nearly collided with the steamship New York.

01:07:40Luckily, the Titanic managed to pass by the other vessel with a couple of feet to spare.

01:07:45The people crowding the liner's decks let out a collective sigh of relief.

01:07:50Little did they know what was awaiting them in the nearest future.

01:07:55Meanwhile, the iceberg was approaching the area the Titanic was going to cross on its way to New York.

01:08:02It happened on April 14th, when the ship was in the North Atlantic Ocean, 370 miles away from Newfoundland.

01:08:10At about 11.40 p.m., people who were still awake on board the Titanic toppled down,

01:08:16pushed over by some mysterious and powerful force.

01:08:20Those who had already gone to bed got catapulted to the floor.

01:08:24Both the passengers and crew members were screaming, panicky, and confused.

01:08:29Just minutes before the commotion started, an iceberg had appeared right in front of the ship.

01:08:35It was our wandering iceberg.

01:08:38Why hadn't the crew noticed it earlier?

01:08:41There might've been several reasons. I'll tell you about them a bit later.

01:08:45Anyway, once the liner collided with a huge chunk of ice, it was doomed.

01:08:50Unable to divert its course, the ship ruptured at least 5 of its hull compartments.

01:08:56They started to fill with water with alarming speed.

01:08:59The Titanic's compartments weren't capped at the top.

01:09:02That's why the water spilled over and started to flood each succeeding one.

01:09:07The front of the ship began to sink, causing the back part to lift vertically into the air.

01:09:12And then, with a deafening roar, the liner broke in half.

01:09:17The rest is history.

01:09:19But few people know what happened to the iceberg after the ship had hit it.

01:09:24It gets us back to the question of why no one had spotted the floating ice mountain until it was too late.

01:09:30Let's track the events of that fateful day.

01:09:33At around 6 p.m., Captain Smith finally decides to change the Titanic's course.

01:09:39He's been receiving iceberg warnings throughout the entire day.

01:09:43The ship starts to head further to the south.

01:09:46But the speed remains the same.

01:09:49At 9.40 p.m., another ship informs Titanic about a vast ice field packed with icebergs.

01:09:56Unfortunately, this message never reaches the liner's bridge.

01:10:00At about 11 p.m., yet another steamship radios Titanic.

01:10:05They say the ice has surrounded them, making their ship stop.

01:10:09This message also gets ignored.

01:10:11Meanwhile, most of the passengers on the luxury liner have already retired to their rooms.

01:10:17At 11.35, the sailors in Titanic's crow's nest notice the iceberg.

01:10:23They ring the bell 3 times, which means something's ahead.

01:10:27Then they call the bridge.

01:10:29The engines get reversed, and the doors to the supposedly watertight compartments close.

01:10:35Just 5 minutes later, the huge liner's starboard side collides with the iceberg.

01:10:41The mailroom begins to fill with water.

01:10:43Soon other reports come.

01:10:45They don't sound encouraging.

01:10:47At least 5 other compartments are flooded.

01:10:49It becomes clear Titanic has just a few hours before it sinks.

01:10:54The night was exceptionally calm, with no moonlight, no wind, and no waves.

01:11:00And since the waves weren't breaking against the iceberg, it was difficult to perceive the giant.

01:11:06But there's also a theory that what sank Titanic was a blackbird.

01:11:12If you had to draw an iceberg, I bet it would be a white, towering chunk of ice covered with snow.

01:11:18But those who have visited Antarctica know that icebergs come in millions of hues.

01:11:24They can be multicolored, patterned, or striped like candies.

01:11:28Icebergs can also be black.

01:11:30There are two ways such an unusually colored shard of ice can form.

01:11:35First, the ice might be extremely pure, with no air bubbles or cracks whatsoever.

01:11:40In this case, there's nothing to scatter the light.

01:11:43The iceberg will absorb it all and look black.

01:11:47Or an erupting volcano can cover a glacier with volcanic ash.

01:11:51Then the ice that breaks off this glacier will be dark-colored too.

01:11:55Experts don't know the true reason why Titanic's iceberg looks so dark, or whether it was really the case.

01:12:03But one of the sailors who was in the crow's nest testified the ice was black.

01:12:08The other said it was either gray or dark gray.

01:12:11There's nothing exciting or mysterious about the so-called blackbirds.

01:12:16They're icebergs that roll over after their top part is melted, which changes the weight distribution.

01:12:23If their lower part is smooth enough to absorb light, they look dark.

01:12:27Plus, they usually aren't exposed to the air long enough for the white frost to build up.

01:12:33But let's say this theory is wrong, and the iceberg wasn't actually black.

01:12:39And still, the only reason why you see things is because light gets reflected from them.

01:12:45The less light there is, the less likely you are to notice something.

01:12:49The ocean surface will always reflect the Moon and starlight.

01:12:53But an irregularly shaped, almost vertical iceberg will have fewer chances of doing so.

01:12:59That's why it'll look almost black against the glimmering water surface.

01:13:03At night, icebergs can be rather difficult to detect without a radar.

01:13:08In any case, our iceberg wasn't noticed in time.

01:13:12Titanic crashed into it and sank. End of story?

01:13:16Apparently not.

01:13:18On April 15th, the German ocean liner SS Prinz Albert was sailing through the North Atlantic.

01:13:25He was traveling a few miles away from the place where Titanic had sunk several hours before.

01:13:31The German ship's chief steward, who hadn't learned about the disaster yet, saw an iceberg.

01:13:38What drew his attention was a fairly large streak of red paint going along the iceberg's base.

01:13:44Surprised, the man took a photo of his discovery.

01:13:48He thought the paint meant a ship hit the iceberg during the past 12 hours.

01:13:53The next person who saw the infamous chunk of ice, and took its photo,

01:13:57was the captain of the vessel used to lay deep-sea telecommunications cables.

01:14:02The ship was sent to help in the area where Titanic had sunk.

01:14:06The captain later claimed the iceberg he had seen had been the only one in that area.

01:14:11Plus the red paint. It wasn't difficult to connect the dots.

01:14:16In 2015, one of these photos was sold at auction for more than $32,000.

01:14:22And still, experts are unsure whether the image really shows the infamous block of ice.

01:14:28It might be another innocent iceberg that was floating nearby at that time.

01:14:34On the night of April 14th to 15th, 1912, the most modern and unsinkable ship collided with an iceberg and sunk.

01:14:43And it was incredibly scary.

01:14:45Just imagine a huge cruise ship, several times the size of the Statue of Liberty,

01:14:50crashing into a massive chunk of ice and sinking.

01:14:53It's dark and cold. All you can hear is the rumbling and grinding of breaking metal and wood.

01:14:59All that surrounds you is the icy waters of the endless Atlantic Ocean.

01:15:04There's almost no connection with the outside world.

01:15:07There are no phones or internet.

01:15:09Nobody else on the whole planet knows that the ship is sinking.

01:15:13It's a real nightmare.

01:15:15But the most shocking thing is that the people who were on the Titanic that day didn't panic.

01:15:21They were calm, maybe a little worried, but there was no fear on their faces.

01:15:26To understand why they weren't afraid during one of the biggest disasters of the 20th century,

01:15:31you need to see what was going on through their eyes.

01:15:34So, you're a passenger on the infamous ocean liner.

01:15:38Your cabin is located on one of the top decks of the ship.

01:15:41You've just had a great time with your friends at dinner.

01:15:44Now, musicians are playing a beautiful melody.

01:15:47Waiters are serving dessert.

01:15:49You go out onto the deck and enjoy the tranquility of the mighty ocean.

01:15:53At this moment, you feel an incredible sense of security and comfort.

01:15:58You're proud that you're one of the first people in the world

01:16:01to travel on the most high-tech ship on the planet.

01:16:04You go to bed in your cabin and wake up

01:16:07because a crew member gently knocks on your door and asks you to go to the deck.

01:16:11There's some kind of issue, but there's no reason to panic, no problem.

01:16:16You'll be happy to go out and take a look at the night sky.

01:16:19The moment when the ship collided with the iceberg felt like nothing more than a slight push,

01:16:24and some passengers didn't even hear it.

01:16:26They realized that something was wrong only when stewards knocked on their doors and asked them to go outside.

01:16:32You're on the deck.

01:16:34There are already a lot of people here.

01:16:36Everyone is more or less calm.

01:16:38Passengers are talking about what might have happened.

01:16:41Listening to the conversations around you, you figure out that the ship is supposedly sinking.

01:16:47The idea seems like nonsense to you, but even if it is true,

01:16:51all passengers will be evacuated in lifeboats anyway.

01:16:54At that time, people didn't know there were half as many rescue boats as needed.

01:16:59Passengers were sure that everyone would be saved.

01:17:02Evacuation begins.

01:17:04Women and children go first.

01:17:06No one panics or tries to get into a boat before it's their turn.

01:17:10All men behave gentlemanly and help crew members to evacuate women.

01:17:14One passenger wants to get into the boat with his wife,

01:17:17but it's not because he's afraid to stay on the Titanic.

01:17:20He's just worried.

01:17:22It seems to him that it's less safe in the boat than on the giant liner.

01:17:26He doesn't want to leave his wife alone,

01:17:28but the crew members explain the situation to him,

01:17:31and the man retreats without any resistance.

01:17:34They begin to launch flares into the air.

01:17:36No one pays any attention to this.

01:17:38Everyone thinks this is a standard procedure for a ship breakdown.

01:17:42If there had been many experienced travelers on board,

01:17:45they would have understood the flares were fired because the ship was in distress.

01:17:49Perhaps then, people would have started panicking,

01:17:52but most of the passengers simply didn't notice it.

01:17:56The boats are lowered one by one.

01:17:58People are watching the evacuation, patiently waiting for their turn.

01:18:02There is no pushing or crowding.

01:18:04Nobody is screaming.

01:18:06The actions of the crew help the passengers to remain calm.

01:18:09They deliberately downplay the severity of the situation to prevent panic.

01:18:13Someone says the boats are launched simply as a precaution.

01:18:17Also, the crew members claim that a rescue ship is heading for the Titanic

01:18:21and is just a few miles away.

01:18:23Some passengers say they see the lights of another ship.

01:18:26The people who are already sitting in the boats want to stay closer to the Titanic,

01:18:31since this way, they'll feel safer.

01:18:34Many passengers simply don't want to believe that something serious is happening.

01:18:38Even when they're told the ship is sinking, they refuse to admit it.

01:18:42How is it possible that the unsinkable ship can sink?

01:18:46But this is how the human mind works.

01:18:48In extreme situations, it refuses to believe that something bad is going to happen now.

01:18:54You don't even want to think about it.

01:18:56One of the passengers says that it seems to her that the danger is exaggerated.

01:19:00She claims that all people will return to the Titanic at any moment.

01:19:04Some passengers are afraid, and still, they don't want to leave the ship.

01:19:09Warm cabins and the safest ship in the world are here.

01:19:12The alternative is the ice-cold ocean and small, unstable rescue boats.

01:19:17Someone refuses to leave the ship because they can't find their baggage.

01:19:21Some passengers carry all their belongings with them.

01:19:24They don't want to leave them on the sinking ship.

01:19:27There are many immigrants on board, and some of them don't even understand English.

01:19:31The crew members can't explain to them what's happening.

01:19:34These passengers misunderstand stewards' instructions during the evacuation.

01:19:38They can't figure out the inscriptions on the evacuation signs.

01:19:42Many passengers are sure there's been some kind of breakdown in the engine compartment.

01:19:47The problem will be solved soon, and the Titanic will continue its journey.

01:19:51People only start to realize that the ship is going down when it begins tilting forward,

01:19:56and its rear part starts rising above the water.

01:19:59That's when those around you start panicking.

01:20:02Some jump into the water.

01:20:04Others climb into the lifeboats without waiting in line.

01:20:07But in general, there's no chaos and hysteria.

01:20:10And this is despite the fact that there are about 1,500 people on the ship.

01:20:15Scientists claim that some of them never even left their cabins.

01:20:18Those people refused to leave their stuff behind,

01:20:21and didn't believe that something serious had happened.

01:20:24During the evacuation, the orchestra is playing.

01:20:27This helps people to keep their cool.

01:20:29They hear music, and it seems to them that everything will be fine.

01:20:33The music keeps playing on the Titanic almost until the very end.

01:20:38At about 2.05 a.m., the crew lowers the last boat with passengers.

01:20:43Fifteen minutes later, the ship goes underwater.

01:20:47Even after the tragedy, the surviving passengers can't really understand what's happened to them.

01:20:52They remember boarding the boats and moving away from the huge vessel,

01:20:56and they won't forget seeing it go under the water.

01:20:59But even after a while, they still can't realize what a terrible catastrophe they've just experienced.

01:21:05Sometime later, people began to write books about those fateful events.

01:21:09They made documentaries and feature films.

01:21:12The news about the Titanic was in every newspaper.

01:21:15It spread all over the world.

01:21:17In any description of that day, the tragedy looks like a terrible disaster.

01:21:22But those who were there admit they didn't feel all-consuming dread.

01:21:26They just couldn't believe what was happening that day.

01:21:29The tragedy of the Titanic might seem more terrible for people who heard about it

01:21:34than for people who experienced it.

01:21:36Many people around the world refused to go on board large ocean liners after the catastrophe.

01:21:41They were afraid of what could happen to them.

01:21:44At the same time, a lot of passengers who survived on the Titanic continued to travel by other ships.

01:21:50There was a woman who survived three shipwrecks, including the Titanic,

01:21:54and she still continued traveling.

01:21:56And what if people tried to raise the Titanic from the seafloor?

01:22:00This happened many years after the shipwreck.

01:22:03Then, the $5 million operation failed.

01:22:06Nylon slings were attached to a large part of the sunken ship.

01:22:10The other ends of the slings were connected to diesel engines.

01:22:13For the entire operation, a mini-submarine was used.

01:22:17A piece of the Titanic, weighing 21 tons, was being pulled up when one of the slings tore.

01:22:24And then, one by one, the other cables began to snap, too.

01:22:28The huge piece of the ship fell back to the seafloor.

01:22:31By that time, the participants of the rescue operation had run out of food supplies,

01:22:36and since the nearest shore was quite far away, they decided not to give it another try.

01:22:41John watched on in disbelief as he drifted away on a piece of wood

01:22:46in the freezing waters of the Arctic, slowly drifting away.

01:22:50John looked upon the vessel he had worked and lived on

01:22:53as it raised its enormous bow high into the sky and broke in half,

01:22:58causing a sound that only a crack of lightning could replicate.

01:23:02Distraught and dumbstruck, believing that he, and he alone,

01:23:06knew the dark truth behind the demise of the unsinkable ship, the Titanic.

01:23:11Five days earlier, as the Titanic set sail on its maiden voyage,

01:23:15John worked hard alongside his mates in the coal bunker,

01:23:18stocking up the coal to feed the Titanic's mighty furnace.

01:23:23They had stocked and stored more than John had ever witnessed on any other ship he'd worked on.

01:23:28But this was the Titanic, the grandest ship to have ever sailed the seas.

01:23:33On the Titanic, there could never be too much coal.

01:23:37As they left Belfast and pushed toward Southampton,

01:23:40there was a large bang below decks that went unnoticed.

01:23:44The furnace was roaring and the turbines were spinning,

01:23:47pushing the Titanic forward at a quickened pace.

01:23:50The crew cheered as the vessel moved forward, unaware of the loud concerning noise.

01:23:55Arriving in Southampton, Greg came aboard amongst hundreds of other passengers.

01:24:00With 13 years at sea, his vast experience included the role as a quartermaster on six previous ships.

01:24:07Ready for a new challenge aboard the greatest vessel ever made,

01:24:11he was looking forward to this next challenge of his career.

01:24:14Greg came with a wealth of experience, especially with sailing through the Arctic.

01:24:19His role was vital within the crew, understanding the seas around the North Pole.

01:24:25He would be a key lookout as they set to cross the perilous path of the Iceberg Alley.

01:24:31Greg had some concerns regarding the voyage.

01:24:34The Earth's orbit was remarkably close to the sun and the moon, causing higher tides.

01:24:39This would make icebergs more prominent,

01:24:42drifting them further away and towards the route of the Titanic as they journeyed to New York.

01:24:47Assessing the lookout tower and inspecting the available gear, Greg found no binoculars.

01:24:53This made him concerned, but the sailors just laughed at Greg.

01:24:57If the deck is short on ice cubes, we'll be sure to plow right through a berg to resupply.

01:25:02A sailor laughed. Greg didn't share this sentiment.

01:25:06Eager to find out why they had been left shorthanded on equipment,

01:25:10since he had such a vital role on the ship, Greg inquired further.

01:25:14Sadly, the officer with the keys to the binocular supply cupboard had been removed from the crew at the last minute.

01:25:21Greg couldn't believe something of this importance had been overlooked.

01:25:25For such a mighty ship with so many people aboard and crossing in a particularly perilous path,

01:25:30this just didn't make sense.

01:25:33But not wanting to be fined for breaking into the ship's property, Greg let it slide,

01:25:38hoping that they wouldn't need the binoculars in the end.

01:25:41Ultimately, if there were icebergs expected, a warning call would be made to the captain, informing of any concerns.

01:25:48Little did Greg know that a warning had been received, notifying of the dangers that awaited.

01:25:54But the telegram didn't provide the required prefix, which would have ensured direct delivery to the captain.

01:26:00So, the critical warning was just overlooked.

01:26:03John and his crew below decks prepared for departure, stoking the engines.

01:26:08They noticed an essence of thick exhaust, far too heavy than what would be expected from the furnaces.

01:26:14The crew searched throughout the lower decks.

01:26:17Following a thorough search, they managed to locate the cause of the exhaust.

01:26:21It was an ignited pile of coal within a coal bunker.

01:26:25Unknown when it had ignited, a buildup of coal had clearly been smoldering, slowly growing in size.

01:26:31The amount of smoldering coal was concerning.

01:26:34The alarm was raised, alerting an officer to review the matter.

01:26:38The officer assessed the damage and confirmed with the captain that it was deemed to be of little concern,

01:26:43as only minor damage had been caused.

01:26:45John was unsure of this assessment, as he knew that in confined spaces, surrounded by iron bulkheads,

01:26:51an oven-like environment arises that intensifies the heat with time.

01:26:56But the Titanic would power forward, making no sense to John as they had only just departed from Southampton.

01:27:02He was sure they would have turned back.

01:27:04John and his crew were ordered to shovel the already lit coal into the furnace

01:27:08and continue shoveling until all the smoldering contents would be contained.

01:27:12It was a possible, but painstaking task that could take the entire journey.

01:27:17The continuous intake of coal would ensure the turbines would spin at a constant, accelerated pace,

01:27:23not what the Titanic was designed for.

01:27:25It was meant to be a luxurious passenger liner, and not for breaking speed records.

01:27:30However, the crew would find enthusiasm in not only acknowledging the Titanic as unsinkable, but also as the fastest.

01:27:37John and his crew continued to shovel the coal into the furnace for several days.

01:27:42The temperature within the bow was becoming hotter every day.

01:27:45The bulkhead's contained heat was so severe that it became weak at the seams in the iron walls and rivets.

01:27:52Two more days, lads, just two more days!

01:27:55John was laughing, trying to raise the spirits of his mates as they were working tirelessly.

01:28:00But, as they were all laughing, joking, and looking forward to dry land,

01:28:04they unknowingly approached their final destination.

01:28:08The Titanic was speeding through the calm sea.

01:28:11Greg looked ahead, above in the lookout tower, keeping a keen eye out as they were in iceberg territory now.

01:28:18Even though the way seemed clear, false horizons could occur, creating confusion about how far objects in the distance truly were.

01:28:26As they were traveling in the Gulf Stream waters into the colder Labrador Current,

01:28:30air columns cooled from the bottom upwards, creating a thermal inversion.

01:28:35This incredibly high air pressure ensured fog wasn't present, providing a deceptively clear outlook.

01:28:42But the thermal inversion can also create optical illusions, showing the horizon further away,

01:28:48appearing higher in the distance, or masking whatever objects that could come before it.

01:28:53These false horizons could easily hide any icebergs that could be approaching.

01:28:58Greg knew the perils of a calm sea in the Arctic, preferring the rough waters, where it's easier to detect icebergs within waves.

01:29:06Peering from the lookout, Greg was looking towards the dark abyss ahead.

01:29:11Suddenly, within one mile directly in front, a formidable image quickly emerged from the dark waters surrounding.

01:29:18Iceberg right ahead!

01:29:20Greg yelled to his mate, who quickly called to the helm, and directed them to steer hard to starboard.

01:29:26The helmsman received the call. In the heat of the moment, he turned the wheel counterclockwise.

01:29:32He then realized he'd turned the wheel the wrong way, and quickly went in the opposite direction.

01:29:37The ship aimed towards the iceberg, veering to the port side whilst reducing speed.

01:29:43Although there was a delay in turning the wheel, since there was a short distance from the signal and the fast pace that they sailed at, it may not have made a difference.

01:29:52As they approached the iceberg, it appeared as though they'd miss it, but over 87% of an iceberg is underwater.

01:30:00And as they came along the side, the hidden ice underneath hit the port side bow, piercing the side of the hull with a 12 square foot tear.

01:30:09The ship shook, with all aboard aware that something was amiss.

01:30:13Amongst the confusion and fear, they were oblivious of the damage.

01:30:17As they gathered their bearings, 6 out of 16 compartments were quickly filling up with seawater.

01:30:22The hull could only withstand 4 compartments filling before sinking.

01:30:27Time was ticking, as the Titanic made its descent into the depths.

01:30:31The weakened bulkhead with heated steel pillars and rivets broke under the pressure and sudden change of temperature from the ice cold water.

01:30:39The call was made to abandon the ship.

01:30:42Lifeboats were prepared to be released, while help signals were sent out to nearby ships.

01:30:47The radio operator was guiltily sitting, constantly calling out to a nearby ship that had been in contact with the Titanic recently.

01:30:55There was steady communication with this ship over the past few days, providing warnings of icebergs since the Titanic departed from Southampton.

01:31:03The final warning message received was just one hour ago.

01:31:07Upon receiving the final warning, the operator ignorantly responded,

01:31:11Shut up, with the assumption that their warnings of icebergs were pointless.

01:31:15Following this unfortunate response, the ship turned their radio off and provided radio silence.

01:31:22The closest ship that was responding to their distress signals was 500 miles away, too far to provide any assistance in time.

01:31:29There were countless mistakes that caused the Titanic's watery end, whether they contributed directly or from sheer ignorance.

01:31:37The most tragic of them was the number of people aboard the ship, 2,224 of them.

01:31:44There were only enough lifeboats provided to rescue 1,178, barely half of the people.

01:31:55At 11.40pm, the Titanic made contact with an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean.

01:32:01Many artifacts were found and restored, like parts of the ship, jewelry, and dining plates, to name a few.

01:32:08It took approximately three hours for the ship to be completely submerged in the remote icy water.

01:32:14The night was cold and very much alive.

01:32:17The orchestra was playing music as they enchanted the guests on board.

01:32:21Everyone was excited to arrive in America.

01:32:24It was still considered an amazing feat for a ship to cross the Atlantic back in 1912.

01:32:30But as the day went ahead, there was an atmosphere of impending doom for the captain and his crew.

01:32:37No one else felt it though.

01:32:39It seemed to them, nothing could possibly go wrong, and this would just be another regular night.

01:32:45To them, the Titanic was unsinkable.

01:32:49The last thing on your mind when thinking about the Titanic is the mail crew.

01:32:54Yes, there were mailmen on board delivering mail to America.

01:32:58It may seem like a pretty mundane occupation, but there was a very tough test to pass in order to be accepted on board.

01:33:06And only a few top candidates would qualify, and those few would get shortlisted and accepted.

01:33:13John Starr March, an American, was one of these mailmen earning between $1,000 to $1,500 a year working on the Titanic.

01:33:22Back in 1912, this was considered to be a lot of money.

01:33:26They were not officially part of the ship's crew, since the mail crew was placed near the third class quarters.

01:33:32But given their influence and resistance, they were eventually moved and given a private dining area.

01:33:39March got this job since he needed the money to support his family.

01:33:43He found a perfect way to earn some big bucks working on a large ship traveling across the ocean.

01:33:49He was 51 at the time and came from New Jersey.

01:33:53Sadly, he was on board when the ship sank and didn't make it.

01:33:58But they recovered a pocket watch that gives us a little insight into what happened that fateful evening.

01:34:04It's a gold case engraved with filigree and had a caption saying it was made by the Elgin National Watch Company.

01:34:12On the surface, you'd think this would just make a pretty cool antique sitting over the fireplace.

01:34:18But there are some unusual details about it.

01:34:21There are obvious signs water seeped beneath the glass, and the black arms of the watch indicate the time to be exactly 127.

01:34:30It leaves us wondering why the clock stopped at this precise hour.

01:34:34What was the owner doing?

01:34:36The mail clerks were operating a fully functioning and efficient mail sorting facility on board the Titanic.

01:34:43This wasn't something you'd come by often on a cruise ship,

01:34:46since typical ocean liners used closed mail bags to transport the mail from one port to another.

01:34:52But the mail sorting facility on the Titanic allowed passengers to send out postcards whenever the ship docked in transit zones in Ireland and France.

01:35:02According to reports, people started heading back to their rooms at around 11 p.m.,

01:35:07but some of them were still hanging around and enjoying their night.

01:35:11The five mailmen were celebrating a colleague's birthday in their separate dining room.

01:35:16Five minutes before impact, crew members spotted the iceberg and rang the bell three times as a warning that something was ahead of the ship.

01:35:25They gave orders for the Titanic to move left, or as they say in the biz, hard a starboard, to make the engines reverse.

01:35:34It was not enough to avoid the great impact.

01:35:37At 11.40 p.m., the Titanic struck the iceberg, and disaster erupted on the inside.

01:35:44Not just water seeping in and ultimately sinking the ship, but panic and chaos among the passengers and crew members.

01:35:52Captain Smith reached the deck and was informed that the Titanic had hit an iceberg,

01:35:57and at the same time, the mail room began filling with water.

01:36:01We know that the 880-foot ship was completely submerged at around 2.20 a.m., with 706 survivors.

01:36:09The time between the impact and the sinking was really eventful.

01:36:13At midnight, they started getting the lifeboats ready for the passengers to evacuate.

01:36:18Orders were given for women and children to board the safety boats with some crewmen to guide and operate them.

01:36:24The problem was that the 20 safety boats available could only host 1,178 people out of the total of more than 2,200 passengers on board.

01:36:35March and his colleagues began sorting out the mail.

01:36:39There was chaos in directing and ordering around.

01:36:42With each second passing, icy cold water was filling the ship.

01:36:46Fifteen minutes after midnight, Captain Smith ordered his crew members to send out a distress signal.

01:36:53Even though SOS was established earlier than the Titanic, many others used CQD.

01:37:00The CQ stands for General Call, and the D is Distress.

01:37:06The Frankfurt was too far away to help, even though it was one of the first to respond.

01:37:11Even the Titanic's sister ship, the Olympic, responded, but it also was too far away.

01:37:18At 12.20am, the Carpathia received the urgent message and redirected from its original course to help them out, even though they were 58 nautical miles away.

01:37:28Although this was some relieving news, the water kept seeping in at an alarming rate.

01:37:34It wasn't easy to keep everyone calm, knowing that the ship could be underwater in a matter of hours.

01:37:40At this point, many passengers were already on board the safety boats, waiting to descend into the water.

01:37:47The musicians on board began playing music for the ones still waiting.

01:37:51At first, they were playing in the first class lounge, and then they moved to the deck.

01:37:56There's a debate on how long they were playing for, and what song it was.

01:38:01None of the musicians made it out.

01:38:03The five mailmen on board were also doing their duties while the ship was sinking.

01:38:08According to a ship officer, the mailroom was already covered in water above the ankles,

01:38:13and the mailmen were busy trying to save as much mail as they could.

01:38:17March was one of them.

01:38:19There were bags of mail floating around.

01:38:22They started with the registered mail.

01:38:24Witnesses of the Titanic's sinking reported the mailmen were putting bags of mail on the deck to keep them from getting wet until help arrived.

01:38:33They also mentioned bags of mail were floating about in the freezing water.

01:38:38It wasn't until 12.45 a.m. when lifeboat number seven on the left side of the ship was lowered onto the water.

01:38:46Even though it had room for roughly 65 people, only 27 people were inside.

01:38:52Many of the safety boats carried fewer passengers than their maximum capacity allowed.

01:38:57The crew were worried that the boats would capsize if so many people were on them.

01:39:02Some reports suggest that some people even refused to board the safety ships, sticking with the claim that the Titanic was unsinkable.

01:39:10At the same time, they fired up one of the eight distress rockets in the air, but it didn't get them any help.

01:39:17At 12.55 a.m., the second and third safety boats were descended to the waters with two mail passengers jumping on board.

01:39:25Five minutes later, another safety boat was lowered with around 39 people.

01:39:30At this point, water entered the base of the grand staircase.

01:39:34In the next 20 minutes, more safety boats were lowered, most of them underloaded.

01:39:40Still no help. The Carpathia was still on the way.

01:39:44Panic was growing, and tensions were rising.

01:39:47It was a lot of anger for people being left behind.

01:39:50At around 1.30 a.m., things were getting out of control.

01:39:54The organized boarding of passengers to the safety boats stopped.

01:39:58March's watch stopped three minutes earlier, which could mean he was part of the scuffle between crew members and passengers.

01:40:06It took three hours for the Carpathia to arrive.

01:40:09March wasn't among the survivors.

01:40:12His watch proved to be one of the essential findings lost in the wreckage of the Titanic.

01:40:18It was eventually returned to March's two daughters, and now it's in one of the collections of the National Postal Museum.

01:40:26March was a man who did what he had to do in the worst circumstances.

01:40:30Time was a precious commodity for the people on board the ship.

01:40:34And this watch proved valuable to learn more about the tragic yet inspiring stories of the Titanic.

01:40:43It seems like we all cried watching the heartbreaking goodbye of Jack and Rose from the Titanic.

01:40:49Oops, spoiler, sorry.

01:40:51But the real-life stories from the sinking of the famous ship were no less touching.

01:40:56Joseph Laroche was born in 1886 in Haiti to a wealthy family.

01:41:01He was growing up without a dad, but his mother was a self-made woman and a respected merchant.

01:41:07His uncle was the head of his country.

01:41:09Joseph was fluent in French, Creole, and English.

01:41:12At the age of 15, Joseph realized he wanted to become an engineer.

01:41:17There were no engineering schools in Haiti, so he moved to France to get his education.

01:41:22The journey took him a whopping 83 days.

01:41:25Still in his student years, Joseph met Juliet in a suburb of Paris through a mentor.

01:41:31They soon became friends, and then it grew into something bigger.

01:41:34The couple decided to get married.

01:41:37There was only one problem.

01:41:39Joseph couldn't find a well-paid qualified job even after completing his studies because of racial discrimination.

01:41:46The intelligent young man realized he could do better.

01:41:49Plus, he needed to provide for his growing family.

01:41:52His third kid was on the way.

01:41:54His uncle back in Haiti promised he'd help Joseph secure a job as a mathematics professor.

01:42:00His mother was overjoyed that her son and his family would be living in Haiti.

01:42:05She bought them first-class tickets for the French liner La France as a reunion gift.

01:42:10But that liner had really weird rules separating parents from their offspring for meals.

01:42:16The La Roches didn't want to leave their youngsters and make them feel sad on a trip across the ocean.

01:42:21So they decided to trade their first-class tickets for La France for second-class tickets for RMS Titanic's maiden voyage.

01:42:30The Titanic was all the hype, and it didn't separate families, so it looked like a great deal.

01:42:36They planned to change for another ship in New York that would take them straight to their final destination in Haiti.

01:42:43The family boarded the Titanic on April 10, 1912, at Cherbourg.

01:42:48They had three days to enjoy the luxurious staterooms, a dining salon, a library, and three outdoor promenade decks available to second-class passengers.

01:42:58Juliet sent a letter to her father from Titanic's final stop in Queenstown, Ireland.

01:43:03She told him they were more than happy with the accommodation.

01:43:06They had two bunks in their cabin and a couch that converted into a bed for their youngest family members.

01:43:12The family made friends with some nice co-passengers with whom they had traveled together from Paris.

01:43:17She thought they had been the only other French people on board, so they sat together for meals.

01:43:23Juliet mentioned they had all spent time together on the deck of the liner.

01:43:27She also wrote the people on board were friendly.

01:43:30Although, some sources say the family had gone through quite a lot of mean stares, gossip, and remarks.

01:43:37On the night of April 14, their exciting journey came to an abrupt end.

01:43:42Even though Titanic's wireless operators had received warnings about drifting ice from nearby ships, the liner continued to plow ahead at full throttle.

01:43:52It was around 11.40 p.m. when Titanic's hull collided with the iceberg around 370 miles off the coast of Newfoundland.

01:44:00The practically unsinkable ship was severely under-equipped with lifeboats, enough for only about half of its 2,200 passengers.

01:44:09The nearest rescue ship, the Carpathia, was too far away to help.

01:44:13A steward woke up the LaRoche family and took them to the lifeboats, as Juliet remembered later.

01:44:19She couldn't speak any English, so everything that was going on seemed even scarier to her.

01:44:24A little after midnight, the crew received the order to give priority to women and children when boarding the lifeboats.

01:44:31Juliet later remembered a terrible panic had begun as people had been pushing each other to get to the desired seat.

01:44:38At some point, she felt they had pulled away her older daughter and thrown her into the abyss.

01:44:44A moment later, she had joined her Simone in the same emptiness.

01:44:48So, pregnant Juliet and her two daughters got spots in lifeboat 14.

01:44:53But they had to say goodbye to Joseph as the boat was being lowered into the sea.

01:44:58He wrapped his coat around Juliet, saying she'd need it, and promised to get in another lifeboat and see her and the little ones again in New York.

01:45:07The 25-year-old Joseph LaRoche didn't manage to stay true to his word.

01:45:12In a couple of hours, Titanic sank underwater, taking the lives of almost 1,500 people.

01:45:19Joseph was one of them.

01:45:21Juliet and the girls were among the 700 survivors who had been rescued by the Cunard Liner Carpathia several hours later.

01:45:29Once they reached New York, they were looking through the crowds of people, hoping to see Joseph again.

01:45:35When it became obvious they wouldn't find him, it was time for them to decide what to do and where to go.

01:45:41Without any knowledge of English or money that had gone down with the ship, Juliet managed to survive in America only for three weeks,

01:45:49and then had no other choice but to go back to France.

01:45:53Joseph's uncle was no longer able to help them, as others had taken his life four months after the Titanic tragedy.

01:46:00In December 1912, Juliet gave birth to a son who she named Joseph after his father.

01:46:08For the rest of her life, she couldn't get over the loss of her beloved husband.

01:46:12That's why she didn't like to speak about what had happened on Titanic and told her children not to mention it.

01:46:19In 1995, a member of the Titanic Historical Society interviewed Louise,

01:46:25who was the last remaining LaRoche child and the last French survivor of the sinking.

01:46:30And that's when the world first heard about this heartbreaking story.

01:46:34It inspired some plays and articles, but it never got the same attention as the story of other passengers.

01:46:40You probably remember the elderly couple going down together in their bed on the Titanic.

01:46:46It was inspired by Isidore and Ida Strauss.

01:46:49They were both born in Germany and emigrated to the United States as kids.

01:46:54They met in New York and got married five years later.

01:46:57Isidore started a china and porcelain business with his brother that grew into the glassware department at Macy's

01:47:04and turned them into multimillionaires.

01:47:06Isidore and Ida were well-known in New York, not only for their wealth and charity,

01:47:11but also for their love and devotion to each other.

01:47:14In 1912, the couple decided to run away from the New York winters and headed for Europe.

01:47:20By that time, they'd already been married for 40 years.

01:47:24In early April, it was time for them to sail back home to New York.

01:47:28They normally traveled on huge German liners, but at that time,

01:47:32they couldn't resist the hype of everyone talking about that new luxury liner, the RMS Titanic.

01:47:39That's how they ended up in one of the first-class private suites at the top of the ship.

01:47:44The Strauss couple spent their evenings dining in front of a live orchestra

01:47:48in a hall filled with fancy furniture and expensive wooden paneling.

01:47:53On the night of April 14th, they felt a slight tremor

01:47:57and then left their private suite and waited for instructions from the crew.

01:48:01They told the passengers not to lose their passes as they'd need them when everyone got back on board.

01:48:07But the ship was going under.

01:48:09The Strauss couple were standing next to lifeboat 8.

01:48:12Mr. Strauss, who was 67 at the time, was offered a seat with his wife because of his age.

01:48:18He refused it, saying he was not too old to sacrifice himself for a woman.

01:48:23He wanted to wait and make sure no women and kids were left behind.

01:48:27Ellen Bird, Ida's maid, hesitated before getting on the lifeboat.

01:48:32But Ida told her to go.

01:48:34She took the easy decision not to leave her husband on the sinking ship.

01:48:38Ida took off her beautiful mink coat and handed it to her shivering maid,

01:48:43saying she wouldn't be needing it anymore.

01:48:46Isidore didn't manage to convince her to save herself, so they stayed together till the end.

01:48:52Some of the surviving first-class passengers later remembered

01:48:56they had seen the couple standing peacefully on the deck, holding hands, just waiting.

01:49:05It was 11.39 at night when the Titanic's lookout shouted,

01:49:10Swift action on the bridge to reduce speed and change the ship's course didn't help,

01:49:16and you already know how the story ends.

01:49:19Since then, we've regarded what happened to Titanic as a once-in-a-lifetime event.

01:49:24Is it, though?

01:49:26The Titanic sank in 1912.

01:49:29Forget about fancy GPSs or weather satellites.

01:49:32At the time, ships were responsible for warning each other about the location of icebergs,

01:49:38like a hey-man-trust-me-on-this situation.

01:49:41Then the Titanic disaster happened.

01:49:44To call it a disaster is an understatement,

01:49:47so specialists felt the need to form an organization to avoid this kind of accident happening again.

01:49:53That's why, a year later, they created the International Ice Patrol, or IIP for short.

01:50:02Up to this day, this group has been responsible for giving ships advanced warnings about ice threats.

01:50:07IIP improved their methods over the years, from ship reports and aircraft patrols to satellite images.

01:50:14Recently, they've also been using oceanographic buoys,

01:50:18floating devices providing real-time information about ocean conditions

01:50:22up to 164 feet below the surface to predict the potential drift of icebergs.

01:50:28Luckily, IIP is doing an excellent job in reducing ship iceberg collisions.

01:50:33But don't get too comfortable,

01:50:35because even the most advanced detection equipment can't entirely avoid an unfortunate situation.

01:50:41Between 1980 and 2005, there were 57 incidents involving vessels and icebergs.

01:50:48And the chilling truth is that today's ships are more likely to run into an iceberg than the Titanic was.

01:50:56Studies have shown that 1,038 icebergs crossed the area where the Titanic sank back in 1912.

01:51:03You might think that's a lot, but scientists say it's not really a big deal.

01:51:08I mean, yeah, it's on the higher side,

01:51:10but there have been 14 years with even more iceberg activity since then.

01:51:14Nowadays, the number of icebergs is going up due to the accelerated melting of Greenland's glaciers.

01:51:22And since more ships are heading into polar waters, the chances of ships bumping into icebergs are higher.

01:51:29But the real danger for captains is invisible enemies called growlers and burgey bits.

01:51:38Growlers are these small icebergs that can be the size of a regular door.

01:51:42And burgey bits are also considered small, measuring around the size of a school bus.

01:51:48These icebergs might seem harmless,

01:51:50but they're actually tricky since they can be completely invisible to radars or satellites.

01:51:55Let's see what happens when a modern cruise ship as big as the Titanic hits one of these small icebergs.

01:52:02Meet the Norwegian Sun, a luxurious cruise ship like Titanic,

01:52:06as it has the capacity to accommodate 2,400 passengers and more than 900 crew members.

01:52:13On July 2022, this cruise ship was on its way to Hubbard Glacier in Alaska

01:52:18when it found itself in the middle of a dense fog.

01:52:21Suddenly, passengers felt an impact and were terrified as the ship experienced a severe jolt.

01:52:28The fog immediately cleared and they realized what had happened.

01:52:32The Norwegian Sun had collided with an iceberg of the growler type.

01:52:36But the outcome was entirely different from Titanic.

01:52:40Thankfully, there were no injuries, and both the passengers and staff reached the Alaskan docks safely.

01:52:46Expert divers checked the condition of the boat,

01:52:48and they discovered that the ship had suffered some damage after the collision,

01:52:52so the rest of the trip was cancelled.

01:52:58Don't stress about packing for your next trip across the Atlantic

01:53:01because accidents like the one with the Norwegian Sun are really rare.

01:53:05I mean, it's common for ships to encounter ice,

01:53:08but what's unusual is for it to be a problem.

01:53:11Most modern cruise ships wouldn't get physically damaged by an iceberg,

01:53:15and there's a reason for that.

01:53:17You see, the steel used in the Titanic also played a significant role in the disaster.

01:53:23The unsinkable ship, after all, was not so impact-resistant.

01:53:28Back then, the Titanic's hull was constructed using around 2,000 steel plates,

01:53:33which are believed to have been produced in an open-hearth furnace.

01:53:37As a result, the steel contained a high concentration of phosphorus, oxygen, and sulfur.

01:53:42High levels of these elements make steel brittle at low temperatures, causing it to fail upon impact.

01:53:49While the steel used on the Titanic was of the highest quality available at the time,

01:53:54it wouldn't meet the safety standards of modern ships,

01:53:57and it was approximately ten times less safe than what today's vessels use.

01:54:03But the most significant difference between the design of the Titanic and a modern ship

01:54:09lies in how the hull is put together.

01:54:12You see, the Titanic was built using over 3 million rivets for its hull and upper deck structure.

01:54:18So, when it struck the iceberg, the rivets started a chain reaction,

01:54:22causing the entire section of the hull to collapse simultaneously,

01:54:26causing an uncontrollable flood of water.

01:54:29In contrast, modern ships use a method called submerged arc welding,

01:54:34which fuses the edges of metal pieces together, creating a strong and continuous bond.

01:54:39This is safer because if any part of the ship gets damaged,

01:54:43the tear doesn't spread, making things worse.

01:54:46The damage remains contained within that section.

01:54:49Okay, so small icebergs are becoming more common,

01:54:53and vessels have been adapted to deal with them.

01:54:56But there's still one more scenario to consider.

01:54:59What if a huge cruise ship hit an iceberg the size of a 5-story building?

01:55:05Imagine we've just created the world's largest cruise ship on the planet.

01:55:10Let's call it the Bright Seaside.

01:55:13Our floating resort is massive, four times the size of the Statue of Liberty.

01:55:18It's longer than the Titanic by 318 feet and carries about three times more passengers and crew.

01:55:25And just like the Titanic, our fictional ship can cruise at a top speed of around 23 knots.

01:55:32Now picture this scenario.

01:55:34The Bright Seaside is cruising at full speed in freezing waters.

01:55:38It's the middle of the night, and the captain doesn't realize

01:55:41that all the iceberg-detecting equipment on board isn't functioning.

01:55:45It stopped working three days ago.

01:55:48It's very foggy out there, and the lookout also fails to spot a 45-foot-tall iceberg.

01:55:54If that whole situation played out, and the ship smacked into the iceberg head-on,

01:55:59well, it could potentially lead to a sinking.

01:56:02But you can see how unlikely that is, right?

01:56:05That's why experts are quite confident in saying that ice isn't likely to sink modern cruise ships.

01:56:11It's also worth mentioning that safety measures have improved a lot since Titanic.

01:56:16A modern large vessel can take days to sink, which provides enough time to keep everyone safe.

01:56:22Crews are definitely better prepared to handle evacuation procedures,

01:56:26and passengers should also go through safety training before cruising.

01:56:30I know, I know, it is annoying to do that

01:56:33when all you want to do is drink a lemonade or some other beverage by the pool.

01:56:38But, you know, all these safety tips are what saved the MS Explorer from becoming a modern Titanic.

01:56:46You see, back in 2007, all 154 people on board this Antarctic cruise ship

01:56:53managed to get into lifeboats after the ship hit an iceberg.

01:56:57Now imagine their panic as they waited for help for 4 hours.

01:57:01The crew did an excellent job in keeping everybody safe, no doubt.

01:57:05But a report that came out 2 years later said that the MS Explorer accident had happened

01:57:11because of the inexperience of the captain who had pushed the ship too fast

01:57:15into a wall of ice in the freezing waters of Antarctica.

01:57:19That means that no matter how much tech a ship's got or how fancy its materials are,

01:57:25if you've got a careless captain and a crew that doesn't know how to handle an iceberg hit,

01:57:29yep, a disaster similar to Titanic could happen again.

01:57:33But hey, you shouldn't stress over it.

01:57:36Trust the professionals and keep in mind the odds.

01:57:39In the last 30 years, the MS Explorer was the only cruise ship that sank thanks to an iceberg

01:57:45and everyone survived.

01:57:47So get back and enjoy your sea vacation.

01:57:51You remember those heartbreaking scenes from the Titanic, either from books or movies, right?

01:57:57You know, the ones where the boat was sinking and there's nothing anyone could have done about it.

01:58:02Well, it turns out that that story isn't entirely true.

01:58:07At least according to a historian and author of a book detailing events from that unlucky ship.

01:58:14If what he claims is true, every soul on the Titanic could have been saved.

01:58:19He wrote that the SS Californian and the SS Mount Temple were close enough

01:58:24to technically see the Titanic go down into the ocean,

01:58:28but they failed to act because they were afraid or because they too had no idea what they were doing.

01:58:37Nobody thought the Titanic could ever sink back then.

01:58:41And it had everything you could imagine, from luxury lounges to a Turkish bath and even a squash court.

01:58:48But as it was racing through the ocean, ready to break the Atlantic crossing record,

01:58:53it hit an iceberg and everything went downhill from there.

01:58:57A lot of ships wanted to help the sinking vessel

01:59:00and shifted their direction toward the Titanic after hearing the distress calls.

01:59:04But the two closest ships held back.

01:59:07The SS Mount Temple, for starters, was really close.

01:59:11It was a mere 50 miles away and could have reached the Titanic in just a couple of hours,

01:59:16potentially saving every passenger.

01:59:19However, its captain believed such a journey would be too risky.

01:59:23I mean, it did involve icebergs, right?

01:59:28There's nothing we can do about it these days,

01:59:31but we can use our imagination and at least save the day theoretically.

01:59:36Your average Joe might have had a difficult time helping people out on the Titanic,

01:59:41but what if we could ask for the help of superheroes?

01:59:47Well, for starters, it would be useful to have someone with time-traveling skills, right?

01:59:53They could go back in time and alert the crew that an iceberg is pretty close,

01:59:58and they should move the ship away from its path as soon as possible.

02:00:02Or even better, go even further back in time

02:00:05and alert the captain of the ship not to proceed with the journey to begin with.

02:00:10Let me tell you, there were a lot of things that could have been done better with the Titanic.

02:00:16First of all, the crew had no access to binoculars.

02:00:20If they could have had this crucial piece of equipment,

02:00:23they might have spotted the iceberg in due course,

02:00:26at least limiting the damage or avoiding the collision altogether.

02:00:29And don't get me started on the lifeboats.

02:00:32Because they wanted the ship to look as luxurious as possible,

02:00:36there was little space left for those much-needed lifeboats that could have saved so many lives.

02:00:41Although there were 2,200 people on board, the lifeboats could only save 1,200 people.

02:00:49What about flight?

02:00:51Would a flying superhero have been able to help avoid this tragedy?

02:00:55I'd bet it would have.

02:00:57This superhero could have surveyed the area,

02:00:59especially during the night when there's low visibility to begin with.

02:01:03More so, the hero might have helped with alerting nearby ships faster

02:01:07that something went wrong with the Titanic

02:01:10and that help is needed to make sure no one gets hurt.

02:01:13If someone on board might have been able to fly,

02:01:16maybe they could have airlifted a bunch of passengers to safety too.

02:01:21Laser vision?

02:01:23Now that would have been cool.

02:01:25A person with laser vision would have pulverized that iceberg in no time.

02:01:30Instead of shivering in the dark that fateful night in April 1912,

02:01:34people would have enjoyed a nice chilled drink on the deck the next morning,

02:01:38courtesy of some harmless leftover ice still hanging around on the ship.

02:01:43Okay, okay, maybe this person with laser vision

02:01:46wouldn't have been powerful enough to split the iceberg in half,

02:01:49so that the Titanic could pass safely.

02:01:52Well, they could have at least helped open the locked room

02:01:55containing the binoculars, that's for sure.

02:02:00Someone with superhuman strength?

02:02:02Yeah, that might have surely helped too.

02:02:05They could have placed themselves between the ship and the iceberg,

02:02:08preventing the collision from happening.

02:02:10If, say, they just happened to be snoozing when the Titanic hit the huge block of ice,

02:02:15no biggie.

02:02:16They would have simply kept the Titanic afloat,

02:02:19until nearby ships came around to rescue all the people on board.

02:02:25If you'd have had underwater breathing abilities,

02:02:28you'd have at least been able to save yourself on the Titanic.

02:02:32I mean, technically there's nothing much you could have done differently on the boat.

02:02:36Maybe you could have saved a bunch of other passengers,

02:02:39but only if you were strong enough to keep them afloat,

02:02:42while you comfortably swam completely underwater.

02:02:47If a person on board had been able to control the elements,

02:02:50that would have been amazing.

02:02:52Not only would it have saved a lot, if not all, of the passengers,

02:02:56it would have been fascinating to watch.

02:02:58Such a superhero would have been able to keep water away from the Titanic's injuries

02:03:03after it hit the iceberg.

02:03:05If they were agile enough and had seen the iceberg before it hit the ship,

02:03:09they could have transformed the big block of ice into water

02:03:13with just the snap of a finger.

02:03:17If we look at the records from that night,

02:03:19everything happened very fast with the Titanic.

02:03:22Wouldn't it have been nice to have someone on board who could slow down time?

02:03:27For the sake of the story, let's also imagine this person had a finely tuned intuition.

02:03:33They could have sensed something was wrong by the way the air smelled,

02:03:37or by the reaction of the crew when the iceberg was first spotted.

02:03:41With a simple gesture of their hands,

02:03:43they would have slowed down time, almost to the point of stillness.

02:03:47They could have checked the records from the ship,

02:03:50its unusually fast speed,

02:03:52and could have alerted the captain to decide in time.

02:03:55The Titanic could have been stopped,

02:03:57or it could have been diverted away from the iceberg.

02:04:02A superhero with night vision would have been useful too.

02:04:06At least the superhero would have spotted the iceberg sooner than everyone else.

02:04:10Given that the hero could have seen a lot better in low light conditions,

02:04:14that hero would have probably better managed the rescue efforts that disastrous night.

02:04:21Invisibility?

02:04:23Would this superpower have saved the Titanic from sinking to the bottom of the Atlantic?

02:04:27I could think of a possible scenario or two.

02:04:30Anyone with the power to become invisible whenever they want to

02:04:34would have probably gone snooping around the ship.

02:04:37I mean, you have to remember,

02:04:39the Titanic had some of the most important members of society on board.

02:04:43It wasn't just any regular boat.

02:04:45It was probably buzzing with the latest gossip.

02:04:48In between all that mundane information,

02:04:51this superhero could have overheard the captain saying

02:04:54they were going faster than they should have.

02:04:56Or that there weren't enough lifeboats to save everyone

02:04:59in case there was a major problem.

02:05:01Who knows what this curious superhero might have done with all this information.

02:05:07Some sort of sorcerer would have saved the Titanic if they were on board, I'm sure.

02:05:12There has to be some sort of magic spell in a book out there

02:05:15that's useful for sinking ships, right?

02:05:18Maybe one that could have helped weld the metal back together

02:05:22after it got hit by the iceberg.

02:05:24Or maybe one that could have airlifted the entire vessel to safety after it got hit.

02:05:29How about a spell that would have transformed the Titanic into a submarine,

02:05:33creating a protective layer around it so it could comfortably move under the sea.

02:05:38That surely would have been cool

02:05:40and would have offered passengers a truly unique experience.

02:05:44The ability to speak to animals or fish would have certainly been useful too.

02:05:49Even if all else failed, so the Titanic would have still struck the iceberg

02:05:54and it would have still been filled with water and ended up near the seabed,

02:05:58people could have still been saved.

02:06:00That's because you'd have had someone on board

02:06:02who could have instructed dolphins to carry people to safety.

02:06:06I'm sure those intelligent creatures would have been happy to help.

02:06:10That's it for today.

02:06:11So hey, if you pacified your curiosity,

02:06:13then give the video a like and share it with your friends.

02:06:16Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!

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