00:00Cheese mugs have their own musical taste.
00:03In addition, the different musical genres have varied effects on the flavor of the cheese.
00:07For example, hip-hop music gives the cheese a funky touch,
00:11while the cheese that listens to Mozart is softer.
00:14Uh, what?
00:15The cheese maker Beat Warmflare and a team of researchers
00:18placed 9 cheese mugs of 10 kilos in individual wooden boxes.
00:22Over the next 6 months,
00:24each cheese received continuously, on a 24-hour loop,
00:28a single and unique song.
00:30This operation was carried out using a mini-transducer
00:33diffusing sound waves directly into the cheese mugs.
00:36Okay, but who had the idea to do that?
00:39The classic cheese was able to take advantage of Mozart,
00:43while the rock cheese listened to Led Zeppelin.
00:47We played from yellow to ambient cheese,
00:50from Tribe Called Quest to hip-hop cheese,
00:53and techno cheese was ecstatic about Vril's UV.
00:57There was even a witness mug that was kept silent.
01:01In addition, 3 other cheeses were exposed to simple sounds
01:05at high, medium and low frequencies.
01:08After examining the cheeses,
01:10researchers found that those who had been exposed to music
01:13had a sweeter flavor than those who had not listened to anything.
01:17Hip-hop cheese, in particular,
01:20had an aroma and a more pronounced flavor than the others.
01:23A group of culinary experts
01:25tasted the cheeses blindly
01:27to make sure that the results were not the result of a simple personal preference.
01:31Their conclusions corresponded to those of the researchers.
01:34To make things even more scientific,
01:37the cheeses were the subject of a biomedical study.
01:40The researchers were able to determine
01:42if there were real structural differences between the mugs.
01:45Because let's not forget the commercial side of all this.
01:48Imagine that you were in a grocery store
01:51and you chose your cheese according to its musical influence.
01:55Would you be surprised that some people opt for refined cheeses
01:59in blues, Balkan music or ACDC?
02:03If music can affect even cheese mugs,
02:05what can it do for us?
02:07We listen quietly to La Belle Etoile
02:09and we tap our feet in rhythm in nightclubs.
02:12But we don't often think about the way it can affect our brain.
02:17The intersection of music and neuroscience is a topical issue.
02:21It brings together neuroscientists and musicians.
02:24For example, neuroscientist Richard Davidson
02:27and jazz pianist Ben Sidran
02:30looked at the notion of time.
02:32Their research has shown that staying in the present
02:35can make us happier.
02:37Richard Davidson mentioned an experience
02:40involving people who are adept at meditation.
02:43Sounds anchor our attention
02:45and keep us in the present moment.
02:48Another experience has been about the phenomenon of musical shivers.
02:52Some people feel a pleasant tingling
02:54when they listen to a moving piece of music.
02:57Researchers have discovered that
02:59when we react intensely to music,
03:02dopamine is released in the brain.
03:04The fact that music can bring pleasure
03:07could have significant consequences
03:09for education, biology and health.
03:13The experiments of the Mozart effect
03:15carried out in the 90s
03:17allowed us to study the link between music and IQ.
03:20Listening to Mozart would temporarily improve
03:22spatial-temporal reasoning.
03:24It would improve the type of reasoning
03:26necessary for failures, for example.
03:28As a result, some schools have adopted programs
03:31aimed at developing problem-solving skills
03:34through music.
03:36But some questions remain unanswered.
03:38Why does a piece of music give a person shivers
03:41and not another?
03:43Preferences seem to develop before birth
03:46and are then influenced by our memories,
03:49our education and our culture.
03:52The biography of a composer can also influence our tastes.
03:56Knowing the history of a piece
03:58can allow us to understand its historical significance.
04:01And then there is the intriguing question
04:03of whether music is a universal language.
04:06The conferences of Leonard Bernstein in the 70s
04:10focused on the idea of a universal musical syntax.
04:14Sounds and sequences
04:16convey the same meaning through cultures.
04:19This concept is supported by the idea
04:21that certain types of music
04:23have a very extensive appeal and impact.
04:26Piano players, for example,
04:28can influence heart rate and breathing
04:30in neonatal intensive care units.
04:33In modern musicotherapy,
04:35sound vibrations are used for re-education.
04:38Another study indicates
04:40that listening to sad or happy music
04:42influences our mood and changes our perception of our environment.
04:45For example, people exposed to happy music
04:48will identify more happy faces.
04:51However, the impact of music on mood and perception
04:54varies from person to person.
04:56While some people feel worse
04:58after listening to sad songs,
05:00others may feel emotional relief.
05:03Beyond mood and emotions,
05:05music can influence our daily tasks.
05:08To do this, you have to get involved in music.
05:11Dancing or attending concerts
05:13can increase the feeling of well-being.
05:15The tempo of music would also influence our productivity.
05:18You have probably noticed
05:20that faster music gives you energy
05:22during repetitive or monotonous activities.
05:25And the animals in all this?
05:27During a fun study carried out in 2015,
05:30researchers discovered that cats
05:32had their own musical preferences.
05:34If they tend to reject human music,
05:37they are sensitive to melodies
05:39designed exclusively for their ears.
05:41The main author of this study
05:43explained that they were not trying to imitate the sounds of cats.
05:46Their goal was to create music
05:48whose height and tempo
05:50would please our furry companions.
05:52They played two songs specially composed for cats.
05:55And they received very moving reactions.
05:58The purring cats were heading to the loudspeaker
06:01and were affectionate.
06:03Now let's move from felines to parrots.
06:05No, not Jimmy Buffet's parrots,
06:07but real birds.
06:09A Harvard study carried out in 2009
06:12suggests a link between vocal mimicry
06:14and musical synchronization in animals.
06:17In other words,
06:19if an animal can imitate sounds with its voice,
06:22it is because it has rhythm in its skin.
06:24Researchers even used YouTube,
06:26transforming the platform
06:28into an experimental dance track.
06:30They slowed down animal videos,
06:32having fun with rhythmic music.
06:34The result?
06:3614 species of parrots
06:38were able to imitate sounds.
06:40Who could have imagined that
06:42after the videos of your parrot
06:44listening to Daft Punk,
06:46could lead to scientific advances?
06:48Place to cows.
06:50Just like us,
06:52they have their favorite music
06:54when they want to relax.
06:56As part of a study carried out in 2001,
06:58a group of cows was exposed
07:00to slow melodies like
07:02Everybody Hurts by R.E.M.
07:04and Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony,
07:06rivalled by faster rhythms
07:08like Space Cowboy by Jamiroquai
07:10and Size of a Cow by The Wonderstuff.
07:13Quite appropriate.
07:15Cows preferred slow and soothing songs.
07:18After 12 hours of listening,
07:20milk production increased by 3%.
07:22When you listen to classical music
07:24to a crocodile,
07:26it looks a lot like what happens
07:28to birds' brains and mammals
07:30when exposed to complex stimuli.
07:33Crocodiles are incredibly ancient creatures.
07:37They are a bridge between
07:39dinosaurs and today's birds.
07:41Understanding how their nervous system reacts
07:43gives us indications of the evolution
07:45of this system over time.
07:47You may have heard that music
07:49has an effect on plant growth.
07:51Do you think it is a myth?
07:53This is still the subject of a debate.
07:55The idea that music would influence
07:57plant growth gained popularity
07:59with the publication of
08:01The Secret Life of Plants in 1973.
08:03This book deals with the physical,
08:05emotional and spiritual relations
08:07between plants and humans.
08:09It includes scientific studies
08:11that talk about the positive effects
08:13of music on plant growth.
08:15One of the first studies
08:17was carried out in 1962.
08:19Plants from a maple tree were exposed
08:21to classical music
08:23and saw their growth rate increase
08:25by 20% compared to a witness group.
08:27A similar study showed
08:29that cultures exposed to ragga music
08:31had a growth rate
08:33of 25% to 60%
08:35compared to the national average.
08:37Researchers experimented
08:39with different instruments.
08:41It turned out that the violin
08:43was the most effective.
08:45Engineer Eugene Canby also
08:47conducted experiments.
08:49He exposed wheat fields to the sonata
08:51for the bass violin and boom!
08:53The growth rate increased by 66%.
08:55The researcher Dorothy Retalac
08:57conducted experiments with
08:59different types of music,
09:01classical, jazz and rock.
09:03Plants exposed to calm music
09:05pushed towards loudspeakers
09:07while those exposed to
09:09discordant rock music
09:11moved away.
09:13The underlying theory is that plants
09:15react empathetically to the music
09:17they hear.
09:19They are potentially stimulated
09:21by vibrations that affect
09:23the movement of nutrients
09:25and organics in plant fluids.
09:27But not everyone is convinced.
09:29Some say that additional research
09:31is necessary, with more strict
09:33control of conditions such as light,
09:35soil and water,
09:37before we can establish a link
09:39between music and plant growth.
09:41But maybe they just have the blues.
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