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  • 2 years ago
The horizontal distribution of temperature across Earth's surface is influenced by several factors:

1. **Latitude**: Temperature generally decreases from the equator towards the poles due to the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth's surface. This is why polar regions are colder than tropical regions.

2. **Altitude**: Temperature decreases with altitude due to the lapse rate, which averages about 6.5°C per kilometer. Higher elevations experience cooler temperatures than lower elevations at the same latitude.

3. **Ocean Currents**: Warm ocean currents can raise temperatures in coastal regions, while cold currents can lower temperatures. This effect is particularly noticeable along the western coasts of continents where warm currents flow poleward.

4. **Wind Patterns**: Wind direction and intensity can affect temperature distribution by redistributing heat. For example, westerlies can bring maritime air masses with moderate temperatures inland, while easterlies can bring cooler continental air

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01:00At a time, there is a water body as well as a land mass.
01:04So, the water body absorbs the late heat and the land mass absorbs the early heat.
01:11This means that if the sun rises at 5 in the morning and the sea and the continent are nearby,
01:18then the water of the sea will be cold by 8, 9, 10 o'clock when the earth is hot.
01:23So, this contrast also happens at the time of sunset.
01:26As soon as the sun rises, the water body absorbs the heat and the land mass evacuates the heat.
01:36So, this is also the reason why the distribution of land mass affects the distribution of water.
01:40Then comes the oceanic currents.
01:47You can also take the winds.
01:52See, we have a large body of water in the oceans that move in certain directions.
02:00You can easily say that the river flows in these oceans.
02:04We call it a current.
02:05There can be different factors in its flow.
02:07The wind moves the water.
02:08If the water of the sea starts moving in a certain direction, then it is called a current.
02:13Tides are at a minor level.
02:16Tides cannot go to such an extent.
02:19I am going to talk about it.
02:20Tides can reach from one continent to another, from one zone to another zone.
02:24So, tides do not have the power to travel so much.
02:29So, the currents basically move.
02:31Suppose we have an equatorial current here, which is a warm water current.
02:38So, when the warm water current reaches here.
02:40I will also teach you the topic.
02:43See, try to understand.
02:46This is a warm area.
02:47This means that the water here is also warm.
02:50Now, when the wind is moving with this water, it describes from here.
02:54The water stops here.
02:55So, it has two branches.
02:57It comes down from the top.
02:58So, when the water reaches the top, the winds that are moving up, the vessels that we read,
03:03because of those vessels, the water starts moving here.
03:05That is, the same water that was present here, rotates and reaches here.
03:08You can say that the Gulf Stream that passes near Africa reaches the British Ocean.
03:15So, where did the warm water reach?
03:17It reached the UK.
03:18Now think, if it is winter and the warm water has reached the UK, then it is a blessing for the UK.
03:24You know that the UK is the only country in Europe that trades throughout the year.
03:30All the other European countries, their trading in winter is almost less.
03:36It is almost nonexistent.
03:37But the UK is a 100% float.
03:40These are currents.
03:41This is the warm water that reaches there and melts the ice.
03:44And trading is possible there.
03:46So, think for yourself that its temperature will decrease due to current.
03:51It is already decreasing.
03:52But the warm water reached there.
03:54So, it reduced the temperature of this temperature zone.
03:58Okay.
03:59So, this is our thing.
04:00Then cloudiness comes.
04:03If there are clouds, it will also be a temperature factor.
04:08Temperature variation will come.
04:10Similarly, vegetation.
04:15Vegetation and soil will come.
04:18Soil cover will come.
04:19I mean, the light soil will reflect and its albedo will be more.
04:25The dark soil will absorb less albedo.
04:29So, the areas where there is dark soil will absorb it.
04:32Similarly, there is vegetation.
04:33Vegetation decreases the temperature.
04:36Okay.
04:37Then we have mountains.
04:39Location also comes.
04:46Location.
04:47If there is a valley on the side of the mountain facing the sun,
04:51then the temperature will be more towards the valley facing the sun.
04:56And those areas which go behind it, the temperature will decrease.
05:00So, these are some factors that affect the temperature.
05:05Okay.
05:06If you have any questions, please ask me.
05:09Till now, we have studied heat, budget and heating of atmosphere.
05:13We have started with insulation.
05:17How does the atmosphere heat up?
05:21We have studied from insulation.
05:23We have defined albedo.
05:24We have studied radiations and net radiations.
05:26After that, we have studied two important points.
05:28Horizontal distribution and vertical distribution.
05:30Okay.
05:31In vertical distribution, we have made two further sub-categories.
05:34Labs grade and conventional version.
05:37And in horizontal distribution, we have made three categories.
05:40Which comes from tolerant zone, temperate zone and period zone.
05:44And lastly, we have studied which are the factors that affect horizontal distribution.
05:48So, these are the seven factors that affect it.
05:51Sir, can you repeat the question again?
05:53Yes.
05:54You can ask the question on distribution.
05:57Okay.
05:58And one more point in this.
06:00I have told this in 68.
06:01These are basically isotherms.
06:03Isotherms.
06:04Isotherms.
06:05Isotherms.
06:06What are isotherms?
06:10These are basically imaginary lines.
06:14Which are drawn on a map.
06:17And join those areas where the temperature is uniform.
06:22Means if we have Brazil here.
06:25We have Togo here.
06:27Then we have Rwanda here.
06:29So, if the temperature is uniform here, then we will draw a line.
06:32From here to there.
06:33From here to there.
06:34So, we will touch those places where the temperature is the same.
06:37Such lines are called isotherm lines.
06:40So, this is basically the line we have drawn.
06:42This is the isotherm line.
06:44We don't have to write it everywhere on the map.
06:47We just have to write a line in the corner.
06:49You can also see the weather map by drawing the line.
06:52There is also rainfall.
06:54There is also pressure.
06:55These are called isobars.
06:56Pressure lines.
06:57And these are called isotherms.
06:59These are called isohalines.
07:00Isohaline.
07:01Isohaline is the area where the salt is uniform.
07:06There are isoheights like this where the rainfall is uniform.
07:10Okay.
07:12Okay.
07:13I think we will keep it up to here.
07:15We will keep it horizontal.
07:17We will keep it horizontal.
07:18Then the factors will come.
07:20What are the factors?
07:22Then you can ask about the areas.
07:26What are the areas in the temperate region?
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