Skip to playerSkip to main content
  • 2 years ago
(Adnkronos) - Un importante contributo al benessere intestinale è sicuramente fornito dall'alimentazione visto che, ad esempio, una dieta a basso contenuto di carboidrati fermentabili riduce i disturbi prodotti da un’eventuale disbiosi 'fermentativa', a sua volta generata da un disordine batterico nell’intestino. Questi alimenti, cumulativamente raggruppati nel gruppo dei cosiddetti FODMaP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols), sono soprattutto contenuti in cereali come il farro, il grano, il kamut, l’orzo, la segale, in diversi tipi di frutta fresca e verdura, nella frutta in guscio, nei legumi, nel latte e derivati. Essi non sono affatto da considerare determinanti responsabili di eventuali intolleranze e/o allergie da loro direttamente indotte, quanto piuttosto agenti capaci di provocare disturbi di vario genere, per quanto prevalentemente intestinali, per il tramite di microrganismi fermentativi dei quali essi stessi costituiscono nutrimento idoneo ad attivare le nocive potenzialità metaboliche.  "Esistono milioni di persone solo in Italia in cui, anche in assenza di allergie e intolleranze più o meno documentate, sintomi come gonfiore, tensione e dolore dell’addome, flatulenza, stitichezza e/o diarrea, reflusso e disturbi correlati, si presentano in modo cronico tanto che la tipica spiegazione che le persone in questi casi si danno diventa di tipo psicologico (ansia, tensioni, eventi stressogeni, somatizzazione). Ora quel che la scienza ormai ci sta comunicando è che dare una spiegazione psicologica in questi casi spesso è profondamente incompleto e in realtà sovraccarica la persona di 'responsabilità' che, di fatto, non ha". E' il contenuto dell’odierna puntata di “τροφήν, la prima medicina”, rubrica online curata dall’immunologo Mauro Minelli e dedicata alle malattie da alimenti, offre di questo argomento un’ampia panoramica, discriminando intanto gli alimenti ad alto e basso contenuto di FODMaP. Sono da considerarsi alimenti ad alto contenuto di FODMaP: Latticini - latte di mucca, di pecora o di capra, formaggi morbidi e freschi, creme di gelato; Frutta - cachi, albicocche, ciliegie, prugne, susine, pere, mele, manghi, pesche, angurie, succhi di frutta, avocado, concentrati di frutta, conserve di frutta; Verdura - broccoli, cavoli, aglio, cipolle, scalogni, funghi, asparagi, carciofi, cavoletti di Bruxelles, cavolfiori, porri, barbabietole, spinaci, verza; Legumi - fave, lenticchie, fagioli, ceci; Frutta a guscio – anacardi, mandorle, nocciole, noci, pistacchi; Dolcificanti - xilitolo, sorbitolo, mannitolo, sciroppo di mais, fruttosio, miele. "E’ da queste conoscenze che scaturisce la necessità di impostare schemi dietetici modulati e calibrati su un adeguato introito di alimenti fermentabili che tenga conto possibilmente della specifica condizione disbiotica del soggetto da trattare. Un profilo alimentare elaborato sulla preliminare acquisizione di tali premesse e mantenuto per un periodo variabile in funzione dei soggettivi tempi di recupero dell’equilibrio batterico intestinale, dovrà sempre essere seguito da una corretta fase di reinserimento di alimenti inizialmente esclusi. Utile a limitare nel tempo l’impatto oggettivamente privativo di una dieta “'low-FODMaP', potrà essere un trattamento integrativo con probiotici, in quanto fonte esogena di microrganismi possibilmente vivi, non digeribili, selezionati in base alle necessità soggettive dell’individuo da trattare e, dunque, tali da favorire il raggiungimento ed il mantenimento di una condizione di equilibrio in grado di ripercuotersi positivamente sullo stato di salute dell'intero organismo. A tali risultati si può pervenire solo dopo un’accurata analisi dell’assetto microbico di ogni singolo paziente, finalizzata ad apportare correzioni misurate che, nel rispetto dei principi della Precision Medicine, prevedano per ciascun individuo da trattare l’assunzione del “probiotico giusto” alla “dose giusta” per il “tempo giusto", conclude Minelli.

Category

🗞
News
Transcript
00:00It can happen to feel bloated even when you maintain a balanced, correct, calibrated diet
00:19or when you think you have eaten a light meal or even after eating a fruit, maybe as a snack.
00:27But what is the cause of bloated stomach?
00:31It is associated with a series of other problems, such as, for example,
00:36a sometimes painful tension in the abdomen or maybe malodorous flatulence,
00:42that is, with malodorous emissions of intestinal gases, alternation of diarrhea,
00:48stomach swelling, sometimes with stomach burn and reflux, tachycardia,
00:54a tingling sensation in the throat with, perhaps, coughing, low voice, difficulty swallowing,
01:02metallic taste in the mouth, calitosis antipathies.
01:06Here is all this series of symptoms that has as the first element the abdominal swelling.
01:12It is linked to what?
01:14Let's start by examining those that can be the most common causes of abdominal swelling,
01:19the most common ones.
01:21Place, for example, that the first phase of digestion occurs,
01:26happens inside our mouth, it will always be the case of eating slowly,
01:34that is, to chew slowly, avoiding eating food in a very hasty way.
01:41This is because this slow chewing favors digestive phenomena.
01:47Another element that can be very useful to contain the distension of the abdomen
01:54and maintain a certain tonicity of the abdominal muscles.
01:58On the other hand, a flaccid abdominal wall would generate an expansion of visceral fat,
02:05but also of the same intestine, out of its usual location,
02:11precisely because there is no adequate containment of the muscle wall of the abdomen.
02:17Another element that can favor abdominal swelling is chronic constipation,
02:23which can generate a dilation of the intestines with the formation of gaseous sacs.
02:28But the main phenomenon that is linked to the abdominal swelling
02:35seems to be represented by the consumption of some foods
02:41that are identified with the term FODMAP.
02:45Now, FODMAP, which is not FOODMAP, is an acronym,
02:49that is, it is not a word that derives from English,
02:52but it is a kind of acronym that derives from the combination of the initial letters
02:56of the fermentable terms oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols.
03:04The low-content diet of FODMAP was an alimentary regime
03:08conceived and studied in an Australian university
03:12and has been shown to be able to reduce the phenomenon of abdominal swelling
03:17in about 75% of cases.
03:20That is, it turns out to be effective in the vast majority of cases
03:25in which patients manifest this type of problem.
03:29Yes, but where are the FODMAPs? What are the FODMAPs?
03:32They are sugars, sugars present in a large quantity and variety of foods
03:38that we introduce in various ways,
03:41compared to which, attention, we have no allergy
03:45and even no intolerance,
03:48but they are foods that become critical
03:51because they are the privileged food of some bacteria
03:55that we have inside our intestine,
03:58so by having a bacterial mass that is called fermentative,
04:03those foods become critical
04:06because they become the favorite food for those bacteria
04:10and those bacteria will consequently discharge,
04:13after being nourished, a series of metabolites,
04:16one of which, for example, is sulfhydryl acid,
04:19which is an acid gas that immediately inflates the intestinal joints
04:23because it is released into the intestine
04:25and by inflating the intestinal joints,
04:27it gives us that feeling of turgor of the abdomen,
04:30in addition to generating either flatulence,
04:33obviously having to be emitted through the rectum,
04:37or reflux, that is, a rise upwards.
04:40I remind you that sulfhydryl acid is not a chlorhydric acid,
04:44so gastric protectors will never work on sulfhydryl acid.
04:48But let's now define what these FODMAP foods are.
04:53Let's start with the oligosaccharides,
04:56which are distinguished in two groups.
04:58There are fructans and galacto-oligosaccharides.
05:02Fructans are chains of some units of fructose.
05:07Well, these fructans, which are mainly contained in foods
05:12such as asparagus, garlic, onion, chicory, artichoke,
05:19these fructans are sugars that are not absorbed at the level of the tenuous,
05:25so more than 90% of those taken with food
05:29arrive in the colon.
05:31They arrive in the indigested colon,
05:33but if we have a mass of fermenting bacteria in the colon,
05:36those sugars become a privileged food
05:39of those fermenting bacteria,
05:41as a result of the influx of the abdomen.
05:43Galacto-oligosaccharides,
05:45well, these are mainly present in the leguminous cortex,
05:50such as beans, chickpeas, lentils.
05:54An alternative could be, for example,
05:56decorticated red lentils, which don't have this kind of capacity.
05:59Another sugar, fructose,
06:01fructose present, obviously, in fresh fruit,
06:05apple, pear, apricot, peach, cherry, watermelon.
06:09Well, this fructose is a monosaccharide
06:12that, at the intestinal level,
06:15can generate, in certain subjects,
06:18this type of...
06:20in subjects that are endowed with a fermenting bacterial flora,
06:23this problem.
06:24I remind you that fructose is also present
06:26a lot in honey,
06:28or in maple syrup,
06:30so, in these cases,
06:32we need to pay attention to this as well.
06:34Finally, I would like to remind you of polyols,
06:37which are sugars such as
06:39mannitol,
06:41sorbitol,
06:43xylitol,
06:44sugars that are often used
06:47in the candy industry,
06:49and are used to make candies sweet,
06:51rather than other products of this kind.
06:54So, if, by chewing a chewing gum,
06:56we should notice an abdominal swelling,
06:58we know that the problem is linked to this type of product,
07:02which is able to generate, in sensitive subjects,
07:06a really important abdominal swelling.
07:08What is the alternative?
07:10The alternative is to eat foods
07:12that do not contain FODMAP.
07:15Fish, for example, is one of these.
07:17Fennel, also fennel peas,
07:20which can have a relative importance
07:23in generating a block of the production of intestinal gases,
07:28that is, some types of meat,
07:30especially, that do not contain this type of sugar.
07:34The additional alternative
07:36would be to make ourselves available
07:39to consume those foods,
07:41not avoiding them,
07:43but rather correcting the intestinal bacterial set,
07:46that is, studying the microbiota,
07:48replacing the fermenting bacteria
07:51with good bacteria,
07:53which will be able to regulate
07:56the balance of the entire microbial flora of our intestine.
08:06www.cst.eu.com
Comments

Recommended