50 Random Facts That Will Make You Appreciate The World More

Bright Side

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Transcript

00:00 Apples, you usually grab in the supermarket, seem super fresh, but they can be up to a

00:05 year old.

00:06 It's all about how they're stored.

00:09 First they're covered with wax, next the wax is dried with hot air, and finally, the

00:13 apples go into cold storage.

00:16 Sloths are better at breath-holding than dolphins.

00:19 Those lazy buddies can slow their heart rate and hold their breath this way for up to 40

00:24 minutes.

00:25 If you watched any breathtaking series, they'd literally breathe once per episode.

00:31 If you look at any old photograph, you'll see that people didn't have those big smiles

00:35 we love to have in the photos today.

00:37 First, photographers preferred to keep things serious, so instead of cheese, people would

00:42 say prunes to keep their lips tight.

00:47 Earth is not the only planet with water.

00:50 Scientists from NASA strongly believe one of Jupiter's moons, Europa, has an ocean

00:54 with twice as much water as we have on our planet.

00:58 It's hidden under a thick layer of ice.

01:00 Even Mars has some liquid water flowing.

01:03 Cicadas are some of the biggest flying insects you can find out there.

01:07 Most species are not that impressive, only about 1-2 inches long.

01:11 Only.

01:12 But the largest one, known as the Empress cicada, has a body length of about 3 inches.

01:18 In comparison, its wingspan reaches a whopping 8 inches.

01:22 That's a really big bug.

01:24 Not all goats peacefully munch on meadow grass.

01:27 Some of them prefer climbing trees for food.

01:30 Meet Moroccan goats, a natural phenomenon unique to North Africa.

01:34 The thing is, they're way more attracted to argan tree fruits than to regular grass.

01:39 That's quite understandable – those fruits look just like golden apples.

01:43 These goats are quite agile, so they easily climb up the trees to get the juicy treats.

01:49 And they rarely need help from their nanny.

01:51 Here's a creature that can technically live forever.

01:54 You see, there's a species of jellyfish, known as Toursepervadourla, or however you

02:00 pronounce their name on the screen.

02:02 Well, those guys have a superpower of respawning.

02:06 So whenever they get any sort of physical damage or something, those jellyfish reset

02:10 themselves back to the polyp stage and start all over again.

02:15 Now let's test you.

02:16 Are there more trees on Earth or stars in the Milky Way?

02:20 If your answer is stars, sorry, you're wrong.

02:23 According to scientists' estimations, there are up to 100 billion stars in our galaxy

02:28 and about 3 trillion trees on Earth.

02:31 Now that's impressive!

02:34 Why do you think right and left matter when it comes to headphones?

02:37 The sound moves really slowly.

02:39 The echo is a good example.

02:41 Try to shout at a distant building to hear your voice bouncing back at you with a slight

02:45 delay.

02:47 The sounds move slowly enough so the brain can detect time differences between the sound

02:51 that arrives at your right and left ear, even if the difference is minimal, like 10 microseconds.

02:58 This is something we know as the interaural time difference.

03:02 If your friend speaks on your right, your brain knows the sound is coming from that

03:06 side because it takes a little bit longer for the same sound to get to your left ear.

03:12 Because of this, stereo music gives the illusion the sound comes from different directions,

03:16 and headphones boost that illusion as they bring the music directly to your ears.

03:21 If your earphones are reversed, sounds from the front will sound like they're coming

03:24 from the back and vice versa.

03:27 You won't see a big difference with mono audio, but with backward stereo sound, watching

03:32 movies will certainly be a bit disconcerting.

03:37 Have you ever wondered how wireless charging works?

03:40 Electrons are pretty clever.

03:42 If you push them along a wire, you get electricity.

03:45 Coiling that wire gets you a magnetic field which is the reason why electric motors have

03:50 their push.

03:52 Power is induced in the second coil when you place the coil close to another with a shared

03:56 iron core to direct the magnetism, and this is how transformers change voltages.

04:02 Suppose you pulse electrons through the coil and place the other coil a bit away.

04:07 In that case, you can put the emitter in a charging pad, whereas the receiving antenna

04:12 is in a phone.

04:14 But just your phone needs to be within range for this to work.

04:18 There's a spot where you can take a dive between two continents.

04:22 It's Silfra, near Iceland, a crack formed between two continents because two tectonic

04:27 plates constantly pull apart.

04:30 It's a geological wonder and a popular spot many adventure seekers put on their bucket

04:34 lists.

04:36 In some spots, the space is so narrow you can touch Europe and North America at once.

04:43 Giraffes don't actually sleep only half an hour.

04:45 It's just a myth many people still believe.

04:48 In reality, they spend around 4.5 hours sleeping.

04:52 And that's not unusual for most of the active animals during daylight.

04:56 And giraffes mainly lay down to sleep for shorter periods of time, about 11 minutes

05:01 at a time.

05:05 How come leftover pizza has such a good taste?

05:08 Just a single night in the fridge gives the pizza some satisfying flavor.

05:13 It keeps the structure when it's not hot anymore.

05:16 The tomato layer doesn't allow fat in the cheese topping to seep through the dough base,

05:20 and the temperature of the food we eat also affects our taste perception.

05:25 Cold food has less intense flavors in general.

05:28 We have heat-sensitive channels in our bitter and sweet taste receptors.

05:32 And if the temperature is between 60 and 95 degrees Fahrenheit, they open wide, which

05:37 sets off a chain reaction and sends strong signals to our brain.

05:41 And if the temperatures are lower, these channels will barely open, which means signals will

05:46 also weaken.

05:48 The temperature doesn't affect sour and salty taste receptors, so cold pizza can seem saltier

05:53 and tastier.

05:56 One more for foodies.

05:57 Did you know a couple of studies have confirmed triangular sandwiches taste better than those

06:02 with a rectangular shape?

06:03 It looks like triangles give us more sandwich filling per single bite.

06:07 A triangular sandwich has two 45-degree corners.

06:11 This way, you can bite further towards the middle in just two bites.

06:16 And the center often contains more filling.

06:18 And right after that, there's an ideal, crustless third bite since you cover the space left

06:23 in the middle.

06:24 This one's got me hungry.

06:27 Shoes designed back in the late 14th and early 15th centuries could be up to 2 feet long.

06:34 People used to wear pointed shoes, especially in the 12th century.

06:38 And a couple of centuries later, they remained popular, but eventually became longer.

06:43 Manufacturers filled the toes of these shoes with hair, moss, wool, or even grass.

06:51 A narwhal tusk is not a tusk, but an inside-out tooth.

06:55 These creatures are in the category of whales, and unlike most other whales, they have a

07:00 large tusk, or better yet, a tooth.

07:03 Kind of like some sort of skin, because it has so many sensory nerve endings.

07:10 Wind on Mars is audible, which means you can hear it.

07:14 With sensors on the NASA InSight lander on the Martian surface, researchers got their

07:18 first recorded sounds of winds on Mars through vibrations.

07:23 But even though the sound of Martian winds is at a decibel level within human range,

07:27 you still need the help of some bass-heavy headphones for this.

07:34 The world record for the longest breath someone held underwater is about 24 minutes.

07:39 Without training, an average human could probably stay around 90 seconds underwater before going

07:45 out to take a breath.

07:47 But in 2016, a professional freediver Alex Segura-Vendrell managed to set the insane

07:52 record for breath-holding.

07:56 Did you know butterflies don't taste their food the way we do, but with their feet?

08:01 When a butterfly comes to a plant where they want to eat, they use the sensors on their

08:05 feet to tell if the plant they're standing on is edible.

08:09 And the receptors they have on their legs are 200 times stronger than our taste buds.

08:15 A similar way we use fingerprints, you can identify lions through their whisker patterns.

08:21 Each of us has unique fingerprints.

08:23 In the same way, lions have a whisker pattern that is unique to their nose.

08:29 If you're unsure if the eggs in your fridge are old or fresh, just fill a bowl with water

08:34 and place them inside.

08:35 If they float, they're old.

08:37 And if they sink, it means you have fresh eggs, so you're good to go.

08:43 Although many people still believe it, when you touch a butterfly's wing, the animal won't

08:47 lose its ability to fly.

08:49 Not that you should try to do it, but even if you accidentally do, a butterfly will still

08:53 be fine.

08:54 There are scales on their wings.

08:57 If you touch them, some of them could shed off.

08:59 But that's what happens naturally, too, not just when they scratch something with their

09:03 wings.

09:04 It can help them in difficult situations, for example, when trying to escape from spiderwebs.

09:12 Two parts of the human body don't have blood vessels, cartilage and the cornea.

09:18 And the cornea covers the pupil and some other parts of your eye.

09:22 How come our skin becomes wrinkly after some time in the water?

09:26 Even after 5 to 10 minutes in the bathtub, you can notice small wrinkles forming on your

09:30 feet and hands.

09:32 And this is probably our body's way of getting a grip in slippery conditions.

09:37 The interesting thing is that our skin wrinkles similarly to the shape of river drainage systems.

09:43 Although some cat owners hope for different, most of the time, cats don't respond when

09:47 hearing their name is not because they don't recognize it, but because they don't feel

09:50 like responding.

09:52 These foxy creatures mostly do what they prefer at that moment, so they'll stop ignoring you

09:57 when they think they're supposed to.

10:00 Speaking of our cute purring pets, why do you think many domestic cats have white paws?

10:06 During the whole process of their domestication, which started about 10,000 years ago, people

10:11 bred together the tamest moggies to get friendlier animals.

10:15 And one of the consequences of that is white flashes on paws.

10:21 Clouds certainly look fluffy and light, but in reality, they're really heavy.

10:26 The average cumulus cloud, that nice white one you see on a sunny day, has a weight of

10:31 an incredible 1.1 million pounds.

10:34 Pluto still hasn't made a complete orbit since it was discovered, and now imagine that it

10:39 was found back in 1930.

10:41 It takes about 248 years for Pluto to make a full orbit around the Sun.

10:47 By the way, Mercury is the fastest.

10:49 It takes only about 88 days for this planet to make a full trip.

10:53 However, Pluto will complete its first full orbit since its discovery in 2178.

10:59 I can't wait!

11:01 One more fun fact about planets.

11:03 The dwarf planet Haumea has a very peculiar shape.

11:07 It looks exactly like a potato.

11:09 It's about the same size as Pluto and has rings similar to those Saturn has.

11:14 If you ever want to find it, it's located beyond the orbit of Neptune.

11:19 Nachos aren't some ancient Mexican food.

11:21 They were invented less than 100 years ago.

11:24 Ignacio Aña, nicknamed "Nacho," is said to have created this dish in the 1940s.

11:29 There's a nice story behind nachos.

11:31 A regular customer got really hungry and asked if Ignacio could bring her and her three friends

11:37 something different that day.

11:38 He saw how hungry the ladies were and decided to cook something quick for them.

11:43 He had to improvise using available ingredients.

11:45 So he put some tortillas, grated loads of cheese on top of them, and heated the dish

11:50 from above.

11:51 To make the dish more savory, he added some jalapeno peppers on top.

11:55 Mamie Finan, that very regular customer, asked what the name of the unusual snack was.

12:01 Ignacio didn't think long and said the name was "Nacho Special."

12:07 Oranges aren't necessarily orange.

12:09 If grown in subtropical regions, the climate isn't cold enough to break down the chlorophyll,

12:14 so the fruit peel stays yellow or greenish.

12:17 Such oranges usually get treated with ethylene gas that can help turn the oranges orange.

12:22 Orange you impressed with that.

12:24 Okay, it's time for a little riddle for you.

12:27 What's common between peanut butter and an engagement ring?

12:30 Both of them contain diamonds!

12:33 Scientists have learned how to turn peanut butter into diamonds.

12:36 They extracted the oxygen from CO2, they got the carbon, and then put it under intense

12:41 pressure.

12:42 And in the end, they got diamonds.

12:45 In a jiff, I suppose.

12:47 Pufferfish, also known as blowfish, are famous for two things.

12:51 It's clumsy and it can literally turn into a sort of a balloon.

12:56 Blowing themselves up helps them survive in the wild.

12:58 They are inedible when swollen.

13:00 Well, they're not entirely inedible even when they're deflated.

13:04 Their poison is over a thousand times more toxic than cyanide.

13:08 Don't count on antidotes, they just don't exist.

13:11 Or probably we need more time to find one.

13:14 Not only can people become knights, but penguins can do that too.

13:18 There's one living in Edinburgh, and it was granted knighthood back in 2008.

13:23 Meet Nils Olof III, the mascot and colonel-in-chief of the Norwegian Kings Guard.

13:30 So what size of shoes do you wear?

13:32 I bet it's way smaller than the size the Statue of Liberty wears.

13:36 No statue needs shoes, but if the Statue of Liberty wanted to grab a pair of new sneakers,

13:41 she'd need to look for size 879.

13:44 No surprise here, she's 151 feet tall.

13:49 These are our muscles that can cause goosebumps.

13:52 These tiny fan-shaped muscles are called erector pili, and we have them at the base of every

13:57 hair follicle.

13:59 Whenever it's cold, they get contracted, which makes our hairs literally stand up,

14:04 creating goosebumps.

14:06 You may think you're not an athlete, but if you've ironed your clothes in very uncomfortable

14:11 locations, at least once, you already are.

14:14 Sort of.

14:15 Extreme ironing is an extreme sport where people take ironing boards to very unexpected

14:19 places such as forests, canoes, or mountains, and iron the clothes there.

14:25 Some do that even on the top of bronze statues or underwater.

14:29 And yeah, there are even official championships.

14:32 Haven't these people heard of permanent press?

14:35 Rap battles aren't something that appeared recently.

14:38 In medieval England, there was something called "flighting," which was very much like contemporary

14:42 rap battles.

14:44 It was quite popular in the 15th and 16th centuries when two opponents mocked each other

14:49 in an improvised battle.

14:51 Tongue map says we have different parts for different tastes.

14:55 Well, not really.

14:56 There are individual taste buds that sense certain flavors more than they do with some

15:00 others, but it doesn't mean one area can taste sweet better than the other.

15:05 Studies show that all mouth areas have taste buds sensitive to all tastes.

15:10 Chameleons don't change colors because they want to match their surroundings.

15:13 That would probably be a very tiring thing to do.

15:17 In reality, some other things, like mood, temperature, or the amount of light they get,

15:22 affect their color.

15:23 When chameleons relax and stretch cells, crystals that are inside of them are affected by the

15:28 light.

15:29 These reptiles use crystals to communicate with each other.

15:32 So, for example, darker shades show that they're not in such a good mood.

15:37 It's more like they feel kinda grumpy.

15:39 Ah, beware the grumpy chameleon!

15:43 Turkeys can blush just like people do.

15:45 It works the same way.

15:46 They blush when angry, excited, or even feel bad.

15:50 You can see the skin on their necks and heads turn red.

15:53 Opossums don't really sleep while hanging by their tails.

15:57 You see that in cartoons and some photos, but in general, they don't.

16:00 Their tails are strong, so these animals can grip branches and hold their weight, but only

16:05 for shorter periods.

16:07 Adults are really too heavy to stay in this position for too long, so they wouldn't get

16:11 too much rest.

16:12 So, I could say, hanging by their tail overnight is sort of impossum-ble.

16:18 You'd need a drop of liquid, a state-of-the-art laser 3D printer, and a couple of hours of

16:22 work to make the tiniest fidget spinner ever.

16:25 Its width will be smaller than that of your hair strand.

16:28 At least researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed to do just that.

16:34 A double-stuffed Oreo cookie aren't double-stuffed, in fact.

16:38 A math teacher weighed 10 regular Oreos, 10 double-stuffed Oreos, 10 mega-stuffed Oreos.

16:44 Turns out, double-stuffed Oreos are only 1.86 stuffed Oreos.

16:50 Chipotle peppers aren't some special type of pepper.

16:54 They're good old jalapenos.

16:55 Dried and smoked jalapeno is Chipotle.

16:59 In its gaseous form, oxygen is colorless and doesn't have any odor.

17:04 But when it's liquid or solid, this substance looks pale blue.

17:09 After being caught by a black hole, a star gets ripped apart by its enormous gravitational

17:14 forces.

17:15 Some parts of the star's remains hurtle into the black hole.

17:19 The rest, in the form of a huge jet of plasma, is ejected with such force that it travels

17:24 hundreds of light-years away.

17:27 Not so long ago, scientists decided the Deinos family tree had to be redrawn for the first

17:32 time in 130 years.

17:36 Apparently, two species of dinosaurs had to be grouped together from the very beginning.

17:41 Those were the lizard-hipped meat-eaters like T. rex and bird-hipped vegetarians such as

17:46 the Stegosaurus.

17:49 A camel can drink up to 30 gallons of water in a bit more than 10 minutes.

17:54 This water is stored in the animal's bloodstream.

17:57 As for its fatty hump, it provides the camel with nourishment when there's little food

18:01 around.

18:02 Some sea animals like salmon or turtles use our planet's magnetic field to find their

18:07 way home.

18:09 Your lungs not only help you breathe, but they also produce blood cells.

18:14 These cells are responsible for the clotting which stops bleeding.

18:18 The lungs make more than 10 million of these tiny cells per hour.

18:24 Only two letters never appear on the periodic table.

18:28 Those are J and Q.

18:31 Spin a ball when you drop it and it'll fly through the air while falling.

18:35 This phenomenon is known as the Magnus effect.

18:39 You can see it at work in different sports, for example tennis or baseball.

18:45 Anitidaphobia is the fear that at any point, somewhere in the world, a duck or a goose

18:52 may be watching you.

18:54 The person isn't necessarily afraid that the duck or goose will get close to them or even

18:58 touch them.

19:00 They just don't like the feeling of being watched.

19:04 It was first described in a comic strip to show you how anyone can be afraid of anything.

19:09 Anything can be a phobia.

19:11 A duck just watching my every move would certainly give me the heebie-jeebies.

19:15 I might just quack up.

19:19 Your favorite fruit candies may be shining because they're covered with carnauba wax.

19:24 Many fruits, especially apples, have a thin layer of this wax too.

19:29 Not only can it make the candies and fruit appear glossy, but it also makes your car

19:33 shine.

19:36 Peaches and nectarines seem different, but in fact, they're pretty much the same fruit.

19:42 If the fluffiness gene is dominant, we get peaches.

19:45 If not, we get smooth nectarines.

19:49 Crows are pretty good at recognizing people's faces and have been found to remember people

19:54 for a long time.

19:57 This could be a good or a bad thing, depending on how nice you are to them.

20:01 You don't want to come across a crow that's holding a grudge against you.

20:04 You probably can't tell which crow is which very easily, so it might be better to play

20:09 it safe and just give them a little wave.

20:13 In the city of Yoro in Central America, they have an annual event known as the Rain of

20:19 Fish.

20:21 Not that the locals get a choice for it anyways.

20:23 Every year in May or June, a torrential rainstorm rolls through the town, leaving a mass of

20:29 fish flopping around in the streets.

20:32 The phenomenon is believed to be caused by water spouts or water tornadoes which drop

20:37 the fish far from their home.

20:39 Seafood delivery for free?

20:40 Yes, please!

20:43 A single strand of spaghetti onto your fork has a name.

20:47 It's called a spaghetto.

20:49 In the Italian language, an "i" at the end of a word means that it's plural, while

20:53 an "o" is singular.

20:56 This goes for all types, like gnocco instead of gnocchi, fettuccino instead of fettuccini,

21:03 and raviolo for a single parcel of goodness.

21:08 Water can freeze and boil at the same time.

21:11 This is called the triple point.

21:13 That's when a substance can be solid, liquid, and gaseous at the same time.

21:18 There's only one pressure temperature that can make it possible.

21:24 We're used to ranch dressing being white, but in reality, producers usually add titanium

21:29 dioxide to make it as white as your sunscreen.

21:32 Oh, sunscreen producers add some titanium dioxide to their products too.

21:37 Same with Caesar and blue cheese dressings.

21:42 Our moon used to have an atmosphere.

21:45 Volcanic eruptions happened on Earth's natural satellite around 4 billion years ago.

21:50 They released immense volumes of gas, trillions of tons.

21:54 It was so much that the gas didn't have enough time to escape into space.

21:58 That's how an atmosphere was formed.

22:02 Cold water heats up faster than hot.

22:04 The speed of this process depends on the temperature difference between the liquid and its surroundings.

22:10 That's why cold water needs less time to absorb heat, but it doesn't mean it'll boil faster

22:14 than hot water.

22:18 Zealandia is a drowned continent in the Pacific Ocean.

22:21 It's often described as a continental fragment or a microcontinent.

22:26 Its area is almost 2 million square miles, about half as big as the US.

22:32 It went underwater about 23 million years ago.

22:35 New Zealand is Zealandia's largest part that remains above sea level.

22:41 People are still evolving.

22:43 Scientists have been tracking several millions of human anomalies.

22:46 It turns out some harmful genes are slowly but surely getting filtered out of human DNA.

22:55 Stars look as if they're twinkling because of the turbulence in Earth's atmosphere.

22:59 It makes the light from the stars move in a different direction before reaching our

23:02 eyes, and this looks as if the light is shaking.

23:07 It takes water 1,000 years to complete its continuous journey around the world.

23:13 The whole process is known as the global ocean conveyor belt.

23:18 Bismuth is a brittle, shiny white metal with a pink tinge.

23:22 If you melt it and then let it cool really slowly, it'll form iridescent cubic crystals.

23:29 Those Skittles and M&M candies are colored with beetles.

23:35 Red food dye is made of carmine, which is made with cochineal beetles.

23:40 Red lipsticks are made with these beetles too.

23:44 The rocks, metals, and other minerals and things that make up the planet are packed

23:48 into the ground more tightly in certain places than in others.

23:53 This has surprising consequences.

23:55 Gravity varies slightly depending on where you are.

23:59 How high up you are also has an effect, so if you're at the top of Mount Everest, you'd

24:04 also weigh slightly less.

24:06 Don't look down!

24:08 One scientist has a theory that a substance existed in ancient microbes before chlorophyll

24:13 (that's the thing that makes plants green) evolved on Earth.

24:17 This substance reflected sunlight as red and violet colors, which combined to make purple.

24:23 If true, the young Earth may have been teeming with strange purple-colored critters before

24:28 all the green stuff appeared.

24:31 Apples taste better when they're sliced because they're exposed to oxygen.

24:35 It activates the enzyme called polyphenol oxidase, responsible for ripening and visible

24:40 browning.

24:41 The same thing happens when you hit an apple.

24:43 The oxygen enters the apple through tiny cracks and it starts to ripen.

24:49 Are you into white chocolate?

24:50 Well, it's actually not even close to real chocolate.

24:53 It's basically a mixture of sugar, milk, vanilla, and cocoa butter.

24:58 Cocoa butter isn't enough for chocolate.

25:00 It should contain chocolate liquor or powder.

25:04 The only product that never expires even if you don't store it in the fridge is honey.

25:09 It has a low pH and lots of sugar.

25:12 That's why organisms that cause spoiling can't live in honey.

25:17 If two pieces of the same kind of metal touch in space, they bond and get stuck together.

25:22 It doesn't happen on Earth because water and air keeps pieces apart.

25:27 People are more honest when they're tired.

25:29 That's why most confessions are made during late-night conversations.

25:35 Firefighters usually extinguish flames with wet water.

25:39 It's water mixed with special wetting agents.

25:41 These are chemicals that help water soak into objects and spread everywhere more easily.

25:49 The sun is an average-sized star, and still it could fit 1,300,000 Earths.

25:55 The star is also 333,000 times as heavy as our planet.

26:02 People have been able to spell their emails in Morse code since 2004.

26:06 That's when a new symbol, "@", was added to the code for the first time.

26:11 The character is actually called a comet and consists of the A and C signals with no break

26:17 in between.

26:19 You find yourself at a food fair in Iceland when you see it for the first time.

26:24 Volcano bread!

26:26 You eat a slice and oddly enough, it actually tastes good.

26:30 Unsure of how this works, you check out the baking process.

26:34 Hmm.

26:35 Is this kitchen really strange-looking, or is it just me?

26:40 The baking spot is in nature, specifically in a hot springs field.

26:44 You better watch your step so you don't get burned by the hot vapor jolting from the ground.

26:49 Now a local baker shares their traditional rye bread recipe with you.

26:54 Rye flour, check.

26:56 Yeast, check.

26:57 You mix it all together and pour it into a metal pot.

27:01 Next on the list is digging the hole where you'll place the pot to bake.

27:05 You dig for about 16 inches until you can see the water bubbling from the ground.

27:10 If you want to do it like a local, you'll use your finger to check the water temperature.

27:15 Yikes!

27:16 That's hot!

27:17 Actually, the ground is heated by lava.

27:20 Iceland is one of the most volcanic regions in the world with over 30 active volcanoes

27:25 at any one time.

27:28 After you bury the bread in volcanic soil, you leave it there and wait 24 hours until

27:33 it's ready.

27:34 The next day, the bread is fully baked and super tasty.

27:38 Ah, and the best part is, you just participated in an ancient Icelandic tradition.

27:44 People have been doing this since at least the 1800s.

27:48 Imagine it's your first day of work in a museum, and your assigned task is to clean

27:53 the mask of Tutankhamun.

27:55 You grab your cleaning utensils and then, oh no!

27:58 This can't be happening!

28:00 You just broke Tutankhamun's beard!

28:02 I never wish this to happen to anyone, but this is actually a true story.

28:07 Back in 2014, an employee at the Egyptian museum knocked off the beard of Tutankhamun's

28:13 mask and glued it back on, hoping no one would notice.

28:17 This mask was discovered in 1922 and is considered one of the 10 symbols of our human civilization.

28:23 Oh, and the best part of this story?

28:26 It took historians until 2016 to discover the poor glue job.

28:31 So if you visited the museum between 2004 and 2016, maybe you saw the glued beard!

28:39 If I say Sahara, what comes to mind?

28:42 An infinite desert landscape, right?

28:45 Well, according to scientists, the Sahara isn't always a desert.

28:49 From time to time, it becomes green.

28:52 But you probably won't be seeing this in your lifetime.

28:56 Every 10,000 years, the Sahara lives through a humid period where the sand gives way to

29:01 lush green vegetation and sparkling lakes.

29:05 This happens due to a tilt in the Earth's axis, which affects different weather patterns

29:10 around the globe.

29:11 Can you imagine the Sphinx surrounded by rainforest?

29:14 It's mind-blowing!

29:17 And speaking of the Sahara, say you traveled back to 1800 BCE.

29:21 If you timed it right, you might get to see the construction of the so-called Black Pyramid

29:26 in the city of Dahshur.

29:28 These are not the famous Giza pyramids, but they serve the similar purpose of being a

29:33 final resting place.

29:35 In 1892, archaeologists excavating the area found an important part of the Black Pyramid

29:41 that was lost for centuries.

29:43 The Benben, also called a Pyramidian, was the tip of ancient Egyptian pyramids.

29:49 A Benben consists of a solid block, usually made of limestone.

29:53 Most of them were covered with gold and reflected the first rays of light from the sun every

29:57 day.

29:58 Hmm, can anyone get me a time machine, please?

30:03 Remember when you ate something really spicy, your cheeks turned red?

30:07 Apparently, that can happen to birds, too.

30:11 For example, canaries can change colors after eating peppers.

30:14 These birds have a special pigment that allows them to switch shades depending on their diet.

30:19 So, if a yellow canary eats red peppers, it can turn orange or red.

30:25 Can rocks move on the ground on their own?

30:27 Well, you might be under that impression if you visit Racetrack Playa in California.

30:33 The site is a dry lakebed and home to one of the world's strangest phenomena, the so-called

30:38 sailing stones.

30:40 Think hundred-pound rocks moving around alone, leaving behind trails as long as 1,500 feet.

30:46 They were discovered in the 1900s, and until recently, no one was lucky enough to be on

30:51 the site while they were moving.

30:53 It was only in 2014, after much observation and research, that scientists solved this

30:59 mystery.

31:01 The sailing stones appeared because of the perfect balance between wind, ice, and water.

31:06 When it rains, the water that falls on the ground freezes and forms a coat of ice above

31:11 the ground.

31:12 If it's windy, the rocks are easily pushed around, sailing along the lakebed.

31:17 But hey, if you ever visit Racetrack Playa, don't disturb the rocks!

31:23 On the western coast of France, you'll find the vacation hotspot known as the Island of

31:28 Ré.

31:29 It attracts tourists looking for scenic landscapes and beautiful beaches, but that's not all

31:33 it's famous for.

31:35 There, an extraordinary phenomenon occurs when two different wave patterns collide with

31:39 each other, something called a cross-sea.

31:43 It's almost as if the sea were a checkerboard divided into hundreds of squares.

31:48 And no, it's not an optical illusion.

31:50 A cross-sea only happens in places where different quality waters meet.

31:56 For a tourist to see the cross-sea in Ré, this probably means that there was a storm

32:01 in a different sea nearby.

32:03 This stormy water travels with the help of currents and meets the water of Ré, creating

32:08 these oddly shaped riptides.

32:10 Oh, and apart from this island and Israel, there's nowhere else in the world where you

32:15 could see such a thing.

32:17 The following sight will either give you goosebumps or make you marvel at its weirdness.

32:23 I'd say it depends on the time of day you visit.

32:26 Next to the small town of Griffina in Poland, you'll find a very unusual sight - a pine

32:31 tree forest where each tree is bent at its base.

32:36 If you visit during the daytime, I guess you'll be fascinated by these trees' sharp 90-degree

32:40 curves.

32:41 You can even use their trunks as a stool if you decide to have a picnic, for example.

32:46 But visiting the site at night will most likely give you chills.

32:50 A thin layer of fog hovers around, making the forest seem quite unwelcoming.

32:56 Scientists still can't explain why the trees are the way they are.

33:00 So are you a daytime or nighttime visitor?

33:05 You went for a hike and suddenly encountered a big cloud of fog.

33:09 This may ruin your photo ops, but there's one thing you can hope for.

33:13 Foggy days are the perfect conditions for a phenomenon called "fog bow," otherwise

33:18 known as a "white rainbow."

33:21 This happens because of numerous tiny water droplets that cause fog, smaller than 0.002

33:27 inches.

33:28 So, instead of the multi-colored bow, you get a transparent one, with red outer edges

33:34 and a bluish inner edge.

33:36 Now, say you're roaming in a little town in Europe, appreciating the century-old buildings

33:42 and good summer weather.

33:43 You feel hungry and decide to type into your Google Maps the name of that restaurant your

33:47 friend recommended.

33:48 Ah, it's only 10 minutes away by foot!

33:52 You follow the blue dot on your GPS and arrive at your destination, quick and easy.

33:57 We all love this free piece of technology, don't we?

34:00 But what if I told you that the US spends over $2 million daily to maintain the satellites

34:06 to make it work?

34:07 Yep, that's the price!

34:09 And to implement it, they spent over $12 billion US dollars!

34:15 Have you ever heard of something called a "natural snowball"?

34:19 This could be proof that nature is really perfect.

34:22 In 2016, the beaches of the Gulf of Ob in northwest Siberia were filled with rows of

34:29 giant snowballs.

34:31 Think balls measuring up to 3 feet across!

34:35 This rare, yet beautiful natural phenomenon happens when small pieces of ice are rolled

34:40 by strong winds and water.

34:43 The further they roll, the more ice they gather and the more that ice is polished.

34:47 They end up as giant, perfectly shaped snowballs.

34:51 They look pretty amazing on their own, but it's quite a sight when hundreds of them

34:55 are together.

34:56 You ever wondered why potato chips have those yummy, crunchy waves?

35:00 Hmm, imagine you're with friends watching a film and you're eating chips.

35:05 Would you prefer to dip non-ruffled chips or a ruffled one?

35:10 Non-ruffled ones cannot handle the weight of the sauce and break down.

35:14 Bam!

35:15 You have sauce all over your white t-shirt!

35:17 So ruffled chips win!

35:20 Ruffled chips also give you a better mouthfeel.

35:23 Potato chips have a prominent oil taste which decreases the potato taste.

35:27 And you might have fingers oil-covered.

35:30 Where's the fun in that?

35:31 So what do you prefer?

35:33 Ridges or regular potato chips?

35:37 Barcodes made our lives so much easier.

35:39 But do you know how they work?

35:41 Zebra lines are the keys here.

35:44 Barcodes are read using a scanner.

35:47 The scanner has a laser that detects the pattern.

35:50 The laser reads the barcode.

35:52 The barcode absorbs some light and the rest is reflected.

35:56 The computer can make sense of those dots, lines and numbers on a barcode.

36:01 Imagine black and white lines as zeros and ones.

36:05 Black observes the light and white reflects it.

36:09 This rule applies here.

36:10 Black parts of the ones and white parts that reflect the lights are zeros.

36:15 The scanner sees the white sections, not the black parts.

36:20 Post-its are our friendly reminders to visit the dentist or a scheduled meeting.

36:25 Be sure to hang them on the wall firmly.

36:28 We've been using post-it notes wrong this whole time.

36:30 You're not supposed to peel it off from the bottom because this creates a crease in the

36:34 paper.

36:36 The note won't hold on to the surface for long.

36:38 Take it off from the side.

36:40 It'll stick more powerfully.

36:43 Cloud-like and sweet.

36:46 The one and only cotton candy.

36:48 It's irresistible, especially for young people.

36:52 Too much sugar is bad for the teeth.

36:54 Everyone's heard this phrase from their dentist.

36:56 Surprise!

36:57 The inventor of cotton candy is a dentist.

37:01 So cotton candy was invented in 1895 by John C. Wharton, a candy maker, and William Morrison,

37:08 a dentist.

37:09 They named their product "Fairy Floss".

37:12 It's a cool name, by the way.

37:13 They sold thousands of cotton candy at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904.

37:19 Cotton candy is still with us, showing up in amusement parks and dentists still care

37:23 for people with tooth decay.

37:25 Some things never change.

37:28 Do you love a lollipop?

37:31 Why are there tiny holes in it?

37:33 Those two holes in a lollipop stick may be used as a simple whistle.

37:38 But they're there to hold the candy in place.

37:41 The stick is dipped in the liquid syrup.

37:43 It flows into the holes, solidifies, and surrounds the stick.

37:49 A life-changing invention is a refrigerator.

37:52 But not everybody knows it has a dark story behind its door.

37:57 The Refrigerator Safety Act was launched in August 1956 to prevent young people from being

38:03 trapped inside a household refrigerator.

38:06 The refrigerators used to have an external latch that would shut the refrigerator door

38:09 when it was not in use.

38:12 It can only be opened from the outside.

38:14 You can relax.

38:15 After this regulation, household refrigerators were manufactured to be opened from the inside.

38:22 Moving on from the kitchen to the bathroom.

38:25 Using the toilet while scrolling down the Instagram feed is taken for granted.

38:29 Guess what?

38:30 More people in the world have phones than toilets.

38:33 According to a UN report, billions of people lack access to a toilet, especially areas

38:39 in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.

38:42 The number of mobile phone owners outnumbered those with proper plumbing and sanitized toilets.

38:49 Also, scientists have found that cell phones carry 10 times more bacteria than most toilet

38:54 seats.

38:55 So yeah, you might want to sanitize your phone after watching this video.

39:00 Do you use FaceTime or Skype to talk to each other worldwide?

39:04 It could be for a chat, a meeting, or something else.

39:07 The webcam technology was born with a very reasonable goal though.

39:11 In 1993, researchers at the Computer Science Department at the University of Cambridge

39:16 set up a system to see if the coffee pot was empty or not.

39:20 Yes, you heard it right.

39:23 Researchers needed coffee to fuel their brains, as many of us do.

39:27 They get up from their chairs, go to the coffee pot, and find it empty.

39:31 Instead of making sure that someone makes a fresh coffee, they wired up a system.

39:36 The system would stream the images of the room where the coffee pot was kept.

39:40 At that time, it was three pictures taken per minute.

39:43 It's more than enough to see if the pot has coffee in it or not.

39:47 Thanks to the researchers for not getting up from their chairs.

39:50 And for another tiny thing, coming up with this brilliant idea!

39:55 Do you buy white eggs or brown eggs?

39:58 What's the difference besides the color?

40:00 Since brown eggs tend to cost you more, you might think that something in them makes the

40:05 prices a bit higher.

40:06 Nope, the color of the egg shell doesn't affect its nutrition or quality.

40:12 Both eggs are healthy.

40:14 Brown eggs cost more because the hens that lay them need more feed.

40:18 It's more pricey to raise them than the white egg hens.

40:21 The cost is reflected onto the consumer.

40:24 There is a hole at the handle of some kitchen pots and pans.

40:28 We mostly use this hole to place the kitchen utensil vertically on a cabinet door.

40:33 They have a secondary use.

40:35 Imagine you're cooking multiple dishes to make a feast for the family.

40:39 The kitchen counter is full of stuff.

40:42 You have a hard time finding a place for the gravy sauce spoon.

40:46 You can place the spoon in the hole on the edge of the sauce pan handle.

40:49 It will stay there safely until you decide to stir the sauce again.

40:54 Not every spoon fits into the hole.

40:57 It might easily slide to the floor.

40:59 Better to have a test run where the spoon is clean.

41:03 Imagine you have a takeaway of noodles with an extra topping on your way home.

41:07 You recently moved and all the plates are in the boxes.

41:11 You struggle with this noodle box.

41:13 The toppings are stuck at the bottom.

41:16 The sauce didn't mix evenly either.

41:18 We've missed out on an easier way to eat from the takeout boxes.

41:22 They can be flat and serve as plates.

41:24 You take the edges of the paper out and open it up.

41:27 There you go.

41:28 Now you have a plate.

41:29 The best part is you don't have to clean it up afterwards.

41:34 Did you know that a tomato is not a veggie but a fruit?

41:37 So is an avocado.

41:39 Watermelon is actually a berry.

41:42 There's more to that.

41:44 Peanuts are not in the nuts family.

41:46 They're different from almonds and cashews.

41:50 Peanuts grow pods under the soil.

41:52 They're harvested like potatoes.

41:54 Their upper parts are like bushes.

41:57 These tasty ciders are not classified as nuts since they grow under the ground, not on a

42:02 tree.

42:03 They get pulled up from the soil like carrots.

42:06 Next time you eat peanuts in a friend circle, you can mention this new fact you heard.

42:11 Or it can be an icebreaker when you see someone eating peanuts.

42:15 Classifying food as fruit or a vegetable is a tricky business.

42:20 Do you know who invented t-shirts?

42:23 In 1904, the Cooper Underwear Company prepared an ad and introduced its new product with

42:29 before and after photos.

42:31 It was referred to as an undershirt.

42:34 The slogan was "No safety pins, no buttons, no needle, no thread."

42:39 As the name revealed, they were worn under the clothes.

42:43 One day it was announced that sailors should wear undershirts with no buttons under their

42:47 uniforms.

42:49 Underneath love spread like pollen at a park on a spring day.

42:53 Soon, thousands of men started wearing them.

42:56 Though t-shirts go back to the 19th century, now we have all adjusted to the comfort of

43:01 our cozy t-shirts.

43:03 Do you also wear t-shirts like the sailors?

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