The classification of cancer can include such parameters as the location of the tumor: depending on the organ or part of the body, the localization of the disease, or depending on the cells that gave rise to the disorder.
Cancer can be localized if it is local in nature, and it can also be diffuse (with or without lymph node invasion).
Cancer can also be classified according to the type of cells affected: if the appearance of the cancer cells does not differ from the appearance of normal cells (differentiated cancer) or if the cancer cells differ (characterized by the rapid development of abnormal cells) in appearance from normal cells (undifferentiated cancer).
There are 5 stages of cancer:
- stage 0, with localized (localized) cancer;
- stage 1, with a small tumor without invasion of the lymph nodes;
- stage 2, with a tumor of more pronounced size with minimal invasion of the lymph nodes;
- stage 3 is characterized by a pronounced tumor that goes beyond the affected organ with significant invasion of the lymph nodes;
- stage 4 with diffuse tumor with metastases.
The TNM classification is considered the most accurate in terms of describing the stage of cancer:
- T (tumor) - expansion of a primitive tumor;
- N (lymph node) - the state of the lymph nodes;
- M (metastasis) - presence or absence of distant metastases.
Expansion of a primitive tumor is characterized by 5 stages:
- Tis - local (localized) character;
- T1 - an insignificant size of the tumor;
- T2> T1;
- T3> T2;
- T4 - invasion of adjacent tissues.
The condition of the lymph nodes is characterized by 4 stages:
- N0 - lymph nodes are not affected;
- N1 - an increase in the number of lymph nodes and damage to the lymph nodes at long distances;
- N2> N1;
- N3> N2.
The presence or absence of metastases:
- М0 - without distant metastases;
- M1 - the presence of distant metastases.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in developed countries after cardiovascular disease.
The most common cancers in Europe and North America are: lung cancer, bowel cancer and breast cancer, while in poor African countries: liver cancer and cervical cancer.
According to statistics, about 50% of patients cope with cancer. Much of course also depends on the stage of the disease.
There is a link between age and cancer. It turns out that 1% of all cancers occur in children, but 55% in people over 65.
More often men suffer from cancer (57%) than women. In terms of mortality, men are also in the lead (60% of all cases).
Attention! This material is for informational purposes only. When observing various suspicious symptoms, you should consult your doctor!
This material is based on the material from the Net-Bolezniam.Ru website: https://www.net-bolezniam.ru/kak-opredeljajutsja-stadii-raka-i-kakaja-klassifikacija-samaja-tochnaja/21894/
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