A heart exam includes many tests and analyzes.
The most important studies of the cardiovascular system are:
- Angiocardiography, which can be used to assess the state of the heart valves and the quality of heart contractions;
- Arteriography (visualization of the arteries): with the help of a radiopaque substance injected into the arteries, arterial cholesterol deposits, atherosclerosis and pulmonary embolism can be detected;
- Catheterization for measuring the blood pressure of the heart and large blood vessels: this method measures blood pressure and cardiac output;
- Coronary angiography - a method of examining the coronary arteries, for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis and for the appointment of coronary bypass grafting;
- Doppler echocardiography (ECHO-CG) allows visualization of large blood vessels and measurement of blood velocity. With the help of this study, you can learn about the speed of blood, about cardiac output, about the state of contraction of the heart;
- Doppler ultrasound of the arteries allows you to measure the diameter of the arteries and examine the state of their inner wall;
- Doppler ultrasound of veins allows you to detect varicose veins and phlebitis;
- An electrocardiogram (electrocardiography) measures the electrical activity of the heart. With the help of an ECG, signs of coronary insufficiency and cardiac arrhythmias can be detected;
- Electrocardiogram during exercise studies the state of the heart during exercise;
- Daily ECG monitoring (Holter monitoring) studies the electrical activity of the heart for several hours;
- Intracardiac electrophysiological examination of the heart (EFI) can reveal abnormalities of the heart rhythm (tachycardia, bradycardia);
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures the dimensions of the cavities of the heart, blood flow, and large blood vessels. MRI can detect congenital malformations, valve diseases, pericardial abnormalities, and abnormal enlargement of large blood vessels (aneurysms).
- Ambulatory blood pressure measurement measures blood pressure over 24 hours. You can thus confirm the diagnosis of hypertension;
- Phlebocavography examines the condition of the veins of the lower extremities. This test identifies blood clots that can cause pulmonary thromboembolism;
- Scanning and angioscanning: using X-rays, the dimensions of the cavities of the heart and large blood vessels are studied. Decreases and arterial obstruction can be detected;
- Myocardial scintigraphy: with the help of a radioactive substance (gallium, technetium, thallium), it is possible to study the mode of blood circulation of the heart and identify coronary heart disease, as well as the consequences of myocardial infarction.
Attention! This material is for informational purposes only. When observing various unusual symptoms, it is recommended to consult a doctor!
This material is based on the article from the website Net-Bolezniam.Ru: https://www.net-bolezniam.ru
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